This document discusses the production of biodiesel from immobilized lipase. It begins with an introduction to biodiesel and the transesterification process used to produce it. It then discusses immobilizing the lipase enzyme, including reasons for immobilization and types of supports used. The document also covers choosing an oil for the process based on saturation levels. Process details are outlined, including reactions, yields, and economic evaluation.

1. Bio-diesel
Production from
Immobilized
Lipase
Samantara Abhinab Das
18CHE704

2. Introduction Immobilization of
enzyme
Choice of oil
Reactions involved
Table of contents
01 • Bio-diesel 02
• Transesterification process
• Reaction Kinetics
03 04
• How and why?
• Type of enzyme
• Saturation
• Selection

3. Process
Description
Detailed Process
Flow Diagram
Yields of the
Process
Economic
Evaluation
Table of contents
05 • General process
• Reactions involved
06
• To be conducted
07 08
• Exact process of
production adopted
• Theoretical (Aspen Simulation)
• Experimental (to be conducted)

4. Biodiesel is a renewable fuel made from vegetable oils, animal
fats, or recycled cooking grease. It is a type of diesel fuel that
is biodegradable and non-toxic, and it is made by a chemical
process called transesterification, where the glycerol molecule
is removed from the oil and replaced with an alcohol
molecule. This creates a biofuel that can be used in diesel
engines without any significant modifications. Biodiesel has
several benefits over traditional petroleum diesel, including
improved emissions, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and
a reduction in dependency on non-renewable sources of
energy.
Introduction

5. Immobilization of
enzyme
• How and why
• Enzymes to consider
• Novozyme 435
02

6. • Selection of support
material
• Attachment of enzyme
• Characterization of
enzyme
How and Why?
• Easy to separate from
reaction mixture
• Have higher selectivity,
activity and stability
• Gives higher yield
How? Why?

7. There is a larger selection of enzymes for bio diesel production
some major enzymes are listed below:
● Novozyme 435 (fungal extract)
● Lipolase (bacterial extract)
● Lipase PS (fungal extract)
● Lipozyme TL IM (bacterial extract)
● Rhizomucor miehei lipase (fungal extract)
Different Enzymes to Consider

8. Novozyme 435
• High activity
• Alkaline stability
• Reusability
• Availability

9. • Expensive
• Lower activity
• Complexity
• compatibility
• Expensive
• stability
Why not the others?
Lipolase Lipase PS Rhizomucor miehei lipase

10. Different types of
base for enzyme
Ceramic
• Agarose
• Chitosan
• alginate
• Silica
• Zeolites
• Calcium Alginate • Hollow fibers
• Glass beads
Polymetric
Inorganic Support Matrix
(Adsorption) (Adsorption)
(chemical bond,
Non-reusability) (adsorption, reusable,
easy separation)

11. Choice of Oil
• Saturation table
• Selection
03

12. Here’s a table
Fatty Acid Groundnut
oil
Palm oil
Sunflower
oil
Soya oil
Jatropha
oil
Oleic Acid 58.68 39.2 21.1 23.4 44.7
Linoleic Acid 21.77 10.1 66.2 53.2 32.8
Palmitic Acid 8.23 44.0 0 11.0 14.2
Linolenic Acid 6.12 0.4 6.8 0.1 0.4
Stearic Acid 2.46 4.5 4.5 4.0 7.0

13. From the previous
table :
The oils with the least amount of
saturation were Soya Oil and
Sunflower Oil. Hence, these oils are to
be considered for further
experimentation.

14. But why?
1. Lower Yields: Saturated fatty acids tend to produce lower yields of
biodiesel compared to unsaturated fatty acids, which are more readily
converted to biodiesel in a transesterification reaction.
2. Higher Viscosity: Saturated fatty acids have higher viscosities, which
can lead to operational difficulties in the biodiesel production
process, such as clogging of reactor systems.
3. Lower Oxidative Stability: Biodiesel made from saturated fatty acids
tends to have a lower oxidative stability compared to biodiesel made
from unsaturated fatty acids. This means that it may degrade more
quickly under conditions of high temperature and oxygen exposure,
leading to decreased shelf life.

15. “Transesterification process”
04
Reactions Involved

16. Transesterification process
“The chemical conversion
process of triglycerides with
alcohol into alkyl esters with
the help of a catalyst”

17. Enzyme
This is our main reactant
which will react with
methanol to produce
Bio-diesel
Novozyme 435 as
catalyst is used
2nd reactant which is
methanol
Triglycerides Alcohol
Reactants involved

18. Nikul K. Patel, Shailesh N. Shah, in Food, Energy, and Water, 2015
Transesterification - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

19. 386,000
150,000
Venus has a very
beautiful name
333,000
Saturn is a gas giant
with rings

21. 150,000
Big numbers catch your
audience’s attention

22. Percentage comparisons
75%
35%
Saturn is the planet and the
only planet with rings
Venus has a beautiful name
but is very hot
Saturn Venus

23. This is a map
Saturn
Saturn is the planet
with a ring around it
Venus
Venus has a beautiful
name but is very hot

24. Learning plan
02 03 04
01
Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is a very cold
place full of iron
Mercury
Mercury is the
closest planet to
the Sun
Saturn
Saturn is a gas
giant and the only
planet with rings
Venus
Venus has a
beautiful name,
but it’s hot

25. Data visualization
Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to Sun
Venus
It has a beautiful name,
but it’s very hot
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste
the new one here. For more info, click here

26. How popular is biochemistry?
20/100
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
Neptune
80/100
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
Mercury
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then
paste the new one here. For more info, click here

27. Molecular structures
Mars
Despite being red, Mars
is a very cold planet
Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
Saturn
● Saturn is a gas giant
and has several rings
● Its atmosphere
composed mostly of
hydrogen and helium
75%

28. 30%
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
Mercury
60%
Venus has a beautiful name
but it’s very hot
Venus
Despite being red, Mars is a
very cold place
Mars
80%
More percentages

29. Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun
and the smallest one in the Solar System—
it’s only a bit larger than the Moon
Mercury
Venus
1,500
2,700 Venus has a beautiful name and is the
second planet from the Sun. It’s hot and
has a poisonous atmosphere
Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings.
It's composed mostly of hydrogen and
helium. It was named after a Roman god
3,000
Saturn

30. Mercury is the closest planet to
the Sun and the smallest one in
the Solar System—it’s only a little
bit larger than our satellite, Moon
Exercise

31. Question 1
Which molecules can break
Disaccharidases enzymes?
Fructose
Sucrose
Starch
Your own answer
A
B
C
D

32. Question 2
How many
glucose units
are in starch?
1000-2000
A
2000-3000
B
3000 or more
C

33. Question 3
Aerobic respiration is one of the
example of oxygen dependent
metabolism that breaks down organic
compounds and produces ATP
True False

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