3. Learning Objectives:
• Acquaint students with some
legal aptitude on their
constitutional rights as citizen
and person living in the state.
4. Learning Objectives:
• Discuss the importance and
requirement of due process of
law in any occasion that may
lead to trial, be it in civil,
criminal, or administrative case.
5. Learning Objectives:
• Discuss and explain the rights
granted by the constitution to a
person who stands as accused in
any legal/court proceedings.
6. Learning Objectives:
• Help students realize that
liberty/freedom is not absolute,
but may be restrained by law on
basis of public order, safety,
morale, health, and national
interest.
8. Bill of Rights
The article that articulates and
enlist the rights of an individual
that the government is duly
bound to protect, respect, and
carry out.
12. Bill of Rights
Hemphill’s Law Dictionary.
Individual rights and privileges
set out in the constitutional
declaration and legislative
enactment that must be
accorded to every purpose.
13. Bill of Rights
Formal statement of the
fundamental rights of the
people of a nation.
55. No person shall be deprived of
life, liberty, or property without
due process of law, nor shall any
person be denied the equal
protection of the law.
Article III Sec.1
59. Due Process of Law (Sec.1)
The official and proper way of
doing things in a legal case.
60. Due Process of Law (Sec.1)
The rule that a legal case must
be done in a way that protect the
rights of all the people involved.
61. Requirements of Due Process
a. There must be a court with
juridical power to hear and
decide the matter before it.
62. Requirements of Due Process
b. The respondent must be
given an opportunity to be
heard.
63. Requirements of Due Process
c. The court must acquire lawful
jurisdiction over the person
or accused or over the
property which is the subject
of the proceedings
64. Requirements of Due Process
d. The judgment must be
rendered following the trial.
68. Classification of Due Process
1. Procedural Due Process
“which hears before it
condemns, which proceed
upon inquiry and render
judgments after trail”
73. Person, Life, Liberty, & Property
Person
Whereby a person may be
differentiated as individual
human being, who is natural, or
a person of legal conception,
which is juridical.
79. Person, Life, Liberty, & Property
Life
Physical appearance includes
the organs and limbs of human
body and the faculties and
senses he uses to communicate
with other human beings.
81. Person, Life, Liberty, & Property
Liberty
The right way of an individual to
be free from physical restraint of
his person, such as by
imprisonment or detention.
83. Person, Life, Liberty, & Property
Property
Refer to a thing itself or the
right over the thing.
84. Person, Life, Liberty, & Property
Property
It includes the right to own, use,
transmit, and even destroy the
property, subject, however, to
the right of the State & of other
person.
93. Deprivation of Property
Exist when the property is
unlawfully confiscated, or
when the exercise of the right
over a property is
unreasonably prevented.
102. Warrant of Arrest
A command in formal writing
issued against a person; to
take him into custody of law
in order that he may be bound
to answer for the commission
of offence.
105. Requisites of Search Warrant
2. The probable cause must
be determined personally
by a competent judge.
106. Requisites of Search Warrant
3. The existence of a probable
cause is determined on the
basis of careful examination
by a competent judge,
following a formal
complaint.
107. Requisites of Search Warrant
4. The warrant must
specifically identify and
describe the place to be
searched or the person or
things to be seized.
111. Circumstances for Warrant-less Arrest
3. When the person to be
arrested is a prisoner who
has escaped from a penal
establishment.
112. Circumstances for Warrant-less Arrest
4. When the felony has been
committed and the peace
officer has “personal
knowledge” of material fact
that the suspect to be
arrested actually committed.
113. Circumstances for Warrant-less Arrest
5. Acts that are indicated to the
“operation of the law”, like
raids, buy-bust operation,
entrapment, or check point.
114. Circumstances for Warrant-less Arrest
6. When the writ of habeas
corpuz has been suspended
upon the declaration or
martial law.
149. Article III Sec.9
Eminent Domain is means that
private property may only be
acquired or taken by the
government for public use only
upon payment of just
compensation.
159. Article III Sec.11
“All person subject to legislation
should be treated alike, under
like circumstances and conditions
both in privileges conferred and
liabilities imposed”
167. Article III Sec.13
Bail is the security required by a
court and given for provisional or
temporary release of a person
who is in custody of the law upon
condition of his appearance
before any court as required
under the term specified.
168. Article III Sec.13
No bail shall be allowed after the
judgment has become final or
after the accused has
commenced to serve sentence.
191. Article III Sec.16
All persons shall have the right to
speedy disposition of their cases
before all judicial, quasi-judicial,
or administrative bodies.
196. Article III Sec.18
No person shall be detained
solely by reason of his political
beliefs and aspiration.
197. Article III Sec.18
No involuntary servitude in any
form shall exist except as a
punishment for a crime whereof
the party shall have been duly
convicted.
200. Arguments Against Death Penalty
1. Death penalty is inhuman
and ungodly to re impose on
a predominantly Catholic
Nation.
201. Arguments Against Death Penalty
2. It inflicts traumatic pain to
the family of the victim of
the victim and the advocates
of pro-life in the society.
202. Arguments Against Death Penalty
3. There was no showing that
death penalty is a deterrent
to grave crimes.
203. Arguments Against Death Penalty
4. Human life is a precious gift
to be sacrificed before
human judge who himself
may be unworthy to render
so grave a punishment.
Primarily, the chapter 5 presents the study and objectives of Article III,
which is substantially the main core of the 1987 constitution.
We will discuss the following topics in this chapter.
Civil cases - usually involve private disputes between persons or organizations.
Criminal cases - involve an action that is considered to be harmful to society as a whole.
Administrative case is a case between state authority on the one side and a person from the other.
Administrative cases are governed by Administrative procedure and differs comparing to civil procedure.
Procedures of administrative cases differ depending on the type of national legal system.
The chapter 5 is entitled…..
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It includes not only his constitutional rights, but also his economic, social, cultural, and especially, political rights for the citizens.
This article serves as the protection of individuals against the abuses and injustices by the government including its officials.
According to Merriam Webster Dictionary, Bill of Rights
Bill of Rights refers to
So therefore the bill of rights is define as a
Now guys what is..
They apply regardless of where you are from, what you believe or how you choose to live your life.
They can never be taken away, although they can sometimes be restricted, for example if a person breaks the law, or in the interests of national security.
But human rights are not just abstract concepts, they are defined and protected by law.
Now for you to understand better the human rights lets watch this video.
It is believed that the said article would be stand a shield against the excesses of government oppression.
Likewise, had affirmed the guarantee of the Bill of Rights inasmuch
as to preserve the so called democratic ideals of people under the
shadow of a strong and authoritarian government.
Under the 1987 Constitution, it further strengthen the Bill of Rights as the Charter expanded some of individual’s substantial rights.
Here are some of the expanded individual constitutional rights.
Habeas corpuz - a writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court,
especially to secure the person's release unless lawful grounds are shown for their detention.
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A writ of habeas corpus (which literally means to "produce the body")
is a court order to a person or agency holding someone in custody
(such as a warden) to deliver the imprisoned individual to the court
issuing the order and to show a valid reason for that person's detention.
A quasi-judicial body is an entity such as an arbitrator or tribunal board,
generally of a public administrative agency, which has powers and procedures
resembling those of a court of law or judge, and which is obliged to objectively
determine facts and draw conclusions from them so as to provide the basis of an official action
Example of Quasi-Judicial Body
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
Bureau of Customs
Bureau of Internal Revenue
Civil Service Commission
Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board
Land Transportation Office
Example of Quasi-Judicial Body
Example of Quasi-Judicial Body
Example of Quasi-Judicial Body
Civil Service Commission
Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board
Land Transportation Office
Example of Quasi-Judicial Body
Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board
Land Transportation Office
Example of Quasi-Judicial Body
Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board
Land Transportation Office
Rights of person under investigation for the commission of an offense,
such as the right to remain silent, the right to counsel, and the right to be informed of such existence.
The right against the use of torture, violence and intimidation.
Servitude - Slave
Bill of Rights is a set of prescriptions settings forth the fundamental civil
and political rights of the individual and imposing limitation on the powers
of government as a means of securing the enjoyment of those rights.
The Article on the Bill of Rights is regarded as the center piece of the 1987 Constitution.
In 1987 Constitution Rights are classified into three.
Which are so indispensable (important) and inalienable (impossible to take away).
A person needs not to invoke the source of his rights, as rights to live,
for example, is an inherent one.
Example of constitutional rights is the right to suffrage as enjoyed by a Filipino citizen.
Now we have a …..
Are rights enjoyed by the citizen of the State.
These rights are being conferred on a person upon
membership to the political organization of the State.
Like..
.Suffrage, the right to vote and to be voted upon.
These are the rights granted to individual for the enjoyment of this happiness.
These include among others, their social, economic, and cultural rights.
Examples are….
Right to marry and right to enter into contract are some examples.
These are the rights that guarantee an individual the right
for the enjoyment of his well-being and his security in the State.
Like the right to join cooperatives organization and the right
to own a business enterprise, and the right to profit thereof.
These rights are defined under the Bill of Rights.
The rights of an accused entail full protection
of the concerned party under custodial investigation.
Example is the minimum wage law.
the first right granted by this article is …..
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Due process is under sec…
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Now guys..
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What is due process?
Any one from this class can answer my question??
Or……
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The due process clause is said to be a fundamental
principle of justice rather than a specific rule of law.
It is, therefore, quite indefinite and indefinable.
It may be understood only by studying its application in various cases.
In juridical proceedings, due process of law generally requires that:
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Juridical power = authority
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Along this line, however, we understand due process as something
that exists whenever there is deprivation of life, liberty, or property by the State,
under the authority of valid law and after compliance with the regular methods of procedure prescribe by the law.
Therefore, a person may be deprived his life, liberty, and property after due process of law is observed.
Substantively, there is due process whenever the law is appropriately
applied to the subject of controversy that such execution is reasonably
fair, not arbitrary in its operation.
There is due process whenever…
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Which proceeds upon inquiry, and render judgment only after the trial.
Any questions guys??
Now let proceeds to
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Did you know that there are two
classification of due process of law, namely:
Procedural, and Substantial due process of law
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This refers to the method or manner by which the law is enforce.
It requires a procedure.
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An indispensable requisites of this aspect assures
reasonable protection to one’s right to life, liberty, and property,
Example: right to appeal the case, to be heard by his counsel.
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This refers to the law itself.
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And that law must be fair, just, and reasonable.
Thus a person be denied his property, it must be in accordance
with the rightful reason, and that the legal consequences and
penalty to be applied shall be just and appropriate.
Now let continue to.
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In legal bearing, the term..
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Refers to a subject of law,
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When we say..
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Or artificial person
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Juridical person may take the form of political subdivision of the State,
public corporations, and private corporations like partnership.
The term
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Is attributed to the physical appearance and existence of human form.
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example is the right to self-preservation, and determination
and the rights to enrich one’s life through various means,
that are moral, legal, and rightful ways.
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Self-preservation - the protection of oneself from harm or death,
Especially regarded as a basic instinct in human beings and animals.
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Faculties – physical and mental capabilities; the ability to do something.
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Means not only
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But also the right to be free in the use of his faculties in all lawful ways.
The liberty protected by the constitution is that degree of freedom
which takes into account and respects the freedom,
which the other members of the community are entitled to enjoy.
It is not a license, but a liberty regulated by law.
Example: freedom of expression, speech, and travel.
A person may be deprive of his liberty when he uses it unlawfully.
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Now when we say
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Property refers to the objects or things over which a person
possesses legal rights and obligation.
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The Sec.1 of our Constitution expresses in the gist that
only when due process of law is observe and complied
with accordingly shall deprivation of life, liberty, or property be enforced.
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Deprivation per se is not essentially unconstitutional.
What is primarily illegal is the deprivation of life, liberty,
or property without due process.
.
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Equal protection – manifest that all persons subject to legislation
should be treated alike, under like circumstances and condition,
both in the privileges conferred and liabilities imposed.
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This section provides for rights against unreasonable search, seizure, and arrest.
The coverage of the protection for unreasonable search and seizure are the persons.
The term people includes all persons, without regard to any distinction as to race, color, or status.
All searches and seizures effected without a valid search warrant are regarded as unreasonable and illegal.
Now para di maging illegal ang searches and seizures natin. What do we need???
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Now what is search warrant???
Any idea guys???
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According to the Rules of Court under Rule 126, Sec.1
Search warrant is…
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Commanding him to search for certain personal property and bring it before the court.
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Warrant of Arrest is under Rule of Court, Rule 113, Sec.1
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What are the requisites of Search Warrant???
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Probable cause - reasonable grounds (for making a search, pressing a charge, etc.).
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An arrest may be effected in the absence of a warrant on the following instances.
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Or the what we called “caught in the act”
Or attempting to commit an act constituting a felony.
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Where he is serving final judgment or escaped while being
transported from one confinement to another.
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An arrest is deemed unlawful when made without a valid
warrant or does not cover any of the instances I mentioned a while ago.
Warrant-less arrest can be effected validly.
The exoneration (exemption) of the accused can be viewed from the following.
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Or when public safety or order requires otherwise as provided by law.
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The right to privacy may be loosely defined as the right of a person
against unwarranted publicity with which the public is not generally concerned.
There are circumstances, however, when a person cannot invoke his
privacy of communication and correspondence:
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It prohibits and penalizes wire-tapping and other related violations on the privacy of communication.
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Are you familiar with that scene??
That is the Hello Garci Controversy.
It is a wire-tapped conversation between PGMA and Comm. Garcillano over the supposed electoral fraud in the 2004 Presidential Election.
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While rights and freedom of the people are guaranteed by
the constitution, restriction may be imposed by law inasmuch
as to safeguard other constitutionally protected interest and rights.
Here are
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What is libel and slander? What is the difference between the two?
Libel - a published false statement that is damaging to a person's reputation; a written defamation.
Slander - the action or crime of making a false spoken statement damaging to a person's reputation.
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No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.
The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference shall be forever allowed.
No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or political rights.
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Abode refers to place or domicile where a person has establish his residence.
Travel refers to act of mobility going in or out of places where one pleases.
This particular right to abode and travel is protected by the Constitution and can only be restricted upon lawful order of the court and when national security, public safety or public health so requires.
A person who is infected with AIDS virus is prohibited to exercise his right to travel in the interest of public health and safety.
Any person has the right to move freely and settle anywhere in the Philippines,
he has the right to emigrate freely and return to the country.
The right of the people to information of matter of public concern shall be recognized.
Access to official records, and to documents, and papers pertaining to
official acts, transaction or decisions, as well as to government research
data used as basis for policy development shall be afforded the citizen,
subject to such limitation as may be provided by law.
Any citizen of the Philippines, and Alien to a given extent, enjoys the
right to obtain information on matters of public concern from the
government records and documents on public policy, laws passed by Congress.
However, certain records of national interest and confidentiality may be kept secret by the State.
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The right of the people including those employed in the public and
private sectors, to form a union, association, or societies for purpose not contrary to law shall not be abridged .
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The bill of rights under Sec.9 clarified the provision on the power of the State eminent domain.
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Under Sec.10, it highlights that no law impairing the obligation of contract shall be passed.
Once a contract is signed, with the consent of the parties involved,
it shall be enforce and shall not me impaired or diminished its efficiency and intent.
Is a contract absolute? (ask the students)
Inasmuch as it remains binding; it is an obligation to execute.
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The Constitution expressly secures the right to due process of law and the equal protection of the law.
Living with the spirit of constitutionalism and rule of law,
a person enjoys the protection of his life, liberty, and property extended by the State,
and such protection is largely construed the fruits of democracy.
The equal protection of the law signifies that.
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To enforce this constitutional safeguard, an accused person in
any given lawsuit shall be secured of the right to adequate legal
assistance, especially most to the disadvantaged litigants, the poor ones.
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Art. III Sec. 12 is commonly known as the Miranda Doctrine.
When a person is under investigation for the commission of crime,
the officer must inform his right to remain silent and the right to have competent counsel for his case.
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To facilitate speedy disposition of case, the present constitution allows trial in absentia.
This is were the court can actually continue the hearing of the case even though the accused is absent in the said trial.
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Every person is a human and everyone has the dignity to life.
That is the universal declaration of human rights (1948) adheres to the equality, freedom, justice and dignity.
All human beings including the accused individuals,
must enjoy freedom from torture, force, violence, freedom from cruel inhuman and degrading punishment.
Law violators and perpetuators are subject to civil sanction as provided by law.
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Under the rules of court (Rule 114 Sec.1)
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Any person arrested and detained or, if not, deprived of his liberty has the right to invoke bail,
Well except those person whose crimes they committed are punishable by reclusion perpetua.
Reclusion perpetua carries the penalty of at least 20 years and one day to 40 years imprisonment.
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These are the rights of an accused in criminal trial
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Procedural due process of law entails the very method or manner by which the law is implemented.
“hears before it condemns, which proceeds upon inquiry and render judgment only after trial.
Therefore the right to the presumption of innocent is understood that the accused remains innocent until proven quilty.
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Sec. 15 states: the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not
be suspended except in case of invasion or rebellion when the public safety requires it.
The privilege of writ of habeas corpus is an extraordinary remedy in law,
the purpose of which is to affects the immediate release of a person
from unjust imprisonment of illegal restrain without sufficient cause.
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The meaning of speedy trial rest upon the judicial saying or maxim, justice delayed justice denied.
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In Sec. 16 declares:
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SELF-INCRIMINATION, PRIVILEGE AGAINST the constitutional right
of a person to refuse to answer questions or otherwise give testimony
against himself or herself which will subject him or her to an incrimination.
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Section 18 or Article III states that..
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Article III Section 18.1
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Article III Section 18.2
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By virtue of the ratification of the 1987 Constitution, death penalty was abolished. (under Paragraph2, Section 19 or Article III)
The death penalty was eventually restored by virtue of RA No. 7659 or A.K.A (Death Penalty Law) that took effect of Jan. 1, 1994.
Some offenders who were convicted of heinous crime by the final judgment were met by the harsh punishment of lethal injection.
Who is the 1st person died in lethal injection? (It was Leo Echagaray…)
With the growing pressure of pro-life groups and long arm of church influence, the imposition of death penalty was held in abeyance .
Death penalty was abolish because of the following arguments…
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Since there is no death penalty as of now , what are the different classification of penalties na pede ma ipataw sa isang nag kasala sa batas.
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At least 20 years and 1 day maximum of 40 years
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From 12 years and 1 day to 20 years
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6 years and 1 day to 12 years
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6 months and 1 day to 6 years
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1 month and 1 day to 6 months
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1 day to 30 days
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No definite time..
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The general rule is no person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax.
Debt is a monetary or financial liability of a person to another arising from contract, loan, or likes.
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No person shall be twice vexed for one and the same cause.
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