zero-sum game or a positive-sum game, domestic exchange ratio , Leontief Paradox
how the advanced economies should cope with the shift in comparative advantage.
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
zero-sum game or a positive-sum game, domestic exchange ratio , Leontief Paradox
how the advanced economies should cope with the shift in comparative advantage.
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Lecture slide titled Fraud Risk Mitigation, Webinar Lecture Delivered at the Society for West African Internal Audit Practitioners (SWAIAP) on Wednesday, November 8, 2023.
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
Yes of course, you can easily start mining pi network coin today and sell to legit pi vendors in the United States.
Here the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
#pi network #pi coins #legit #passive income
#US
2. TWO BASIC QUESTIONS IN
INTERNATIONAL TRADE:
1) WHAT DETERMINES INTERNATIONAL TRADE?
2) WHY COUNTRIES WOULD GAIN FROM TRADE?
3. Historical Development of Trade Theory
Mercantilism
– positive trade balance
Absolute advantage (Adam Smith)
– Countries benefit from exporting what they
make cheaper than anyone else
Comparative advantage (David Ricardo)
– Nations can gain from specialization, even
if they lack an absolute advantage
Foundations of trade theory
4. Absolute Cost Advantage Theory
(Adam Smith)
Assumptions: 1) Labour Theory of Value
2) Free Trade
Country 1 Unit of A 1 Unit of B
I 10 20
II 20 10
Labour Cost of Production (in Hours)
The Difference on absolute cost of producing the
commodities between the two countries in isolation will
serve a useful basis for opening up of mutually gainful
international trade between two countries.
5. David Ricardo
Theory of Comparative Cost Advantage
Basis of International Trade is the comparative cost
differences between two countries. According to this
theory, Adam Smith’s Absolute Cost Advantage
Theory is not quite unambiguous proposition. Cases
may arise where any one country may enjoy absolute
advantage over other country in both the goods.
Under such circumstances still trade may occur
given that there exists comparative cost difference.
6. Example
Labour Cost (in Hours) for 1 unit of production
Country Wine Cloth
Portugal 80 90
England 120 100
Portugal has absolute advantage in both cloth
and wine over England. According to Ricardo
trade is still worthwhile due to comparative cost
difference. In Portugal, 1 unit of wine= 8/9 units
of cloth, where as it is 12/10 in England. So,
opportunity cost of production of 1 unit of wine
in Portugal is 8/9 units of cloth but in England it
is 12/10. So, Portugal enjoys comparative cost
advantage in production of wine.
7. Country Wine Cloth
Portugal 80 90
England 120 100
Reference Table
Country Wine Cloth
Portugal 8/9 9/8
England 12/10 10/12
Opportunity Cost* for
*The opportunity cost for good X is the amount of other
goods which have to be given up in order to produce one
additional unit of good X.
Thus Portugal has lower opportunity cost of the two countries
in producing wine while England has lower opportunity cost in
producing cloth. So, Portugal has a comparative advantage in
production of wine and England has an advantage in production
of cloth.
8. So, in this case Comparative cost serve
as an useful basis for opening up of a
gainful international trade between
Countries. Each country seeks here to
specialise in production and export of
the commodity in which it has
comparative advantage and wants to
import the other commodity from its
trading partner.
9. Live Example
Suppose,
India 1US$= Rs. 50
Tanzania 1US$= Tnz
Shilling 1000
(Rates are assumed
for simplification of
calculation)
Water Beer Pw/Pb
India Rs. 10 Rs. 30 1/3
Tanzania Ts. 500 Ts. 700 5/7
In terms of absolute cost, both water and beer are cheaper in India
Suppose both the countries decide for a price ratio of ½, then India
will gain in selling water and Tanzania in Beer.
Explanation: Domestically in India a person has to sell 3 bottles of
water to get a bottle of beer but if he buys from Tanzania, he requires
to exchange only 2 bottles of water to get 1 bottle of beer. On the
other hand in Tanzania when a person sells a bottle of beer he/she
gets slightly more than a bottle of water, but if the beer bottle is sold
internationally to India, the gain is more as the person will get full 2
bottles of water in return.
10. Transformation schedules or Production Possibility
Generalizes theory to include all factors, not
just labor
Shows combinations of products that can be
made if all factors are used efficiently
Slope, or marginal rate of transformation,
shows the opportunity cost of making more of
one good (how much of one good must be
given up to make more of another)
Comparative advantage
11. The opportunity cost version of Comparative
cost: The concept of Production Possibility
Curve (PPC)
Wheat
Cloth
The concept of Opp. Cost can
be described through PPC.
This shows alternative
combination of any two
products that can be
produced efficiently with
given resources and
technology. In virtue of full
employment and efficient use
of resources, it is true that
PPC will be downward
slopping. But it may either a
straight line or concave or
convex curve to the origin.
.
Slope of PPC measures marginal
opp. Cost of producing one
commodity in terms of others
12. Wheat
Cloth
Under condition of
constant cost in
production PPC becomes
a straight line.
Again if law of increasing
cost is operating then PPC
will be concave. This is so
because factors of
production may not be
adaptable completely to
the two alternative use.
In case of decreasing cost condition in
production, PPC will be convex to the
origin
13. Marginal Rate of Transformation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Autos
A
B
C
Slope = MRT = 0.5
Wheat
14. Wheat
Cloth
PPC and Price Line
Under constant cost condition PPC
coincides with the price line*
But this is not so in case of
varying cost condition because
in this case cost alone does not
determine the prices. We have
to consider the demand
conditions also. Given the
internal demand condition we
need to draw a separate price
line whose slope will represent
the ratio of exchange between
goods.
*The slope of the Price
line denotes the relative
price ratio of two
products.
15. Indifference curves
Final pattern of trade depends not just
on supply, but also on demand - which
is determined by individual tastes
Tastes can be shown graphically with
indifference curves, which show the
various combinations of two goods that
give a consumer the same total level of
satisfaction
Bringing demand into the model
16. A consumer’s indifference map
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Autos
Bringing demand into the model
A
B
C
D
E
I
II
III
Wheat
17. Indifference curves (cont’d)
“Higher” indifference curves (those
farther from the origin) represent greater
levels of satisfaction
Individual preferences cannot really be
added up into a “community indifference
curve” but it is useful to imagine that
they can for the purposes of trade
theory
Bringing demand into the model
18. Indifference curves (cont’d)
Indifference curves have a negative
slope
– Keeping satisfaction constant means giving
up some of one good for more of another
Indifference curves are convex
– As the consumer gets more of one good,
she is less willing to give up what is left of
the other
– The rate of substituting one good for
another is shown by the slope of the curve,
the marginal rate of substitution
Bringing demand into the model
19. Equilibrium
Black Line: Price Ratio
Red Curve: PPC
Green Curves: Community Indifference
curve (CIC), denotes preference pattern of
the community
Equilibrium
A Community’s demand
pattern is described by its
CICs. Production of the
goods by PPC. Price ratio
by the price line.
Y
X
Equilibrium occurs at R which we call the point
of autarky or equilibrium in absence of
international trade. At this point. PPC becomes
tangent to the highest achievable CIC (and also
price line).
R