This document summarizes the process for baking normal maps, including: 1. Preparing high-poly and low-poly 3D models, addressing common issues like bevels, slopes, and floating geometry. 2. Creating UVs for the low-poly model and configuring texture resolution. 3. Baking normal maps in software like Maya or Substance Painter to transfer detail from high-poly to low-poly, and addressing bugs.

1. BAKING NORMAL MAP:
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2. 1. HighPoly common problems
● Bevels
● Slope
● Details
● Floaters
1. LowPoly, UV
● LowPoly
● Shading
● UV
Baking Normal Map
3. Normal map theory
● Object Space
● Tangent Space
● 32bit per Channel
3. Baking Normal map in Maya
4. Substance Painter
● Ambient Occlusion
● ColorID
● WSN and Curvature

3. HighPoly | Bevels

4. HighPoly | Slope

5. HighPoly | Slope

6. HighPoly | Slope

7. HighPoly | Details

8. HighPoly | Floaters

9. HighPoly | Floaters

10. LowPoly | Soft / Hard - Shading

11. LowPoly | Soft / Hard - Shading

12. All HardAll Soft
LowPoly | Soft / Hard - Normal

13. MAYA MAX MAYA MAX (comparison)
LowPoly | Soft / Hard - Shading

14. LowPoly | Soft / Hard - Shading

15. LowPoly | Vertex Normal Edit

16. LowPoly | Vertex Normal Edit

17. HARD - Cut on UV!
LowPoly | Soft / Hard - UV

18. YES NO
LowPoly | UV | Straight lines

19. Padding
(between UV shells)
512x512 - 4px
1024x1024 - 4-8px
2048x2048 - 8-12px
4096x4096 - 12-16px
LowPoly | UV Padding

20. Move overlaps and mirrors to 0,1 UVspace
LowPoly | UV | Move overlaps & mirrors

21. Object Space

22. Object Space

23. Tangent Space

24. Tangent Space

25. Normal
Where is tangent?
Tangent, direction
the same as texture BiTangent
Tangent Basis

26. Tangent Basis

27. OpenGL(Y+) DirectX(Y-)
OpenGL (Y+), DirectX (Y-)

28. OpenGL (Y+), DirectX (Y-)

29. Substance Painter
ON - Unreal
OFF - Unity
Substance Designer
Tangent Basis bake

30. Object Space to Tangent Space

31. Unreal Import

32. 8bit, 16bit, 32bit per channel

33. 8bit, 16bit, 32bit per channel
8bit = 28 = 256 levels of gray
16bit = 216 = 65,536 levels of gray
32bit = 232 = 4,294,967,296 levels of gray

34. Dithering & Gradients (8bit)

35. Dithering & Gradients
Gradients Dithering

36. Dithering & Gradients

37. 32bit to 8bit per Channel

38. 32bit to 8bit per Channel

39. Baking Bugs | Skewing

40. Baking Bugs | Skewing Fix

41. MAYA
Average, Geometry
Substance Painter
Non-Average, Surface
Average, Non-Average Normals

42. Baking Bugs | Skewing Fix (model)

43. Baking Bugs | Skewing

44. Baking Bugs | Waves

45. Baking Bugs | Waves

46. Baking in Maya | Transfer Maps

47. Baking in Maya | Transfer Maps

48. Baking in Maya | Transfer Maps

49. Cage, Envelope

50. Cage, Envelope overlap

51. UV Sets

52. Baking in Maya | Blur Filter

53. Normal Display in Maya Viewport
or

54. HighPoly - suffix _hp (or _high) LowPoly - suffix _lp (or
_low) YES NO
LowPoly | Naming & Parent to root

55. Triangulation
LowPoly | UV | Export from Maya

56. Export to .obj
LP
Materials - OFF
HP
Materials - ON
LowPoly | Export from Maya

57. Substance Painter Baker

58. Substance Painter | Ambient Occlusion

59. Substance Painter | ColorID

60. Substance Painter | ColorID
ID Materials with color selection node

61. Substance Painter | WSN and Curvature
Tangent Space
Normal
World Space Normal Curvature

62. Substance Painter | 8bit Generator

63. 1. HighPoly (no bugs, smooth bevels, naming, materials)
2. LowPoly, UV (polycount, naming, autopack UV to determine texel density)
3. Final UV (if texel is not enough - mirroring and overlapping parts)
4. Bake Normal (32bit) in Maya, mixing geometry and surface normals, fixing bugs in
Photoshop.
5. Export .obj or .fbx HighPoly and triangulated LowPoly for baking and texturing
6. Bake AO, colorID, and additional maps in Substance Painter
7. Texturing in Substance Painter and Substance Designer
8. Export .fbx and textures to engine
Pipeline

64. www.room8studio.com
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