The autonomic nervous system (ANS) controls involuntary body functions and is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic system mobilizes the body for fight or flight through widespread effects like increased heart rate and blood pressure. The parasympathetic system conserves energy resources and is active at rest, slowing the heart and contracting digestive organs. Both systems work in coordination to unconsciously adjust the body to its environment and maintain homeostasis.

1. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYTEM

2.  ANS IS AN INVOLUNTARY MOTOR (EFFERENT) SYSTEM
 SUPPLY SMOOTH, CARDIAC MUSCLES & GLANDS
 ACCOMPANIED BY SENSORY (AFFERENT) FIBERS
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM:

3.  CONTROLS INVOLUNTARY ACTIVITIES OF BODY
 LIKE:
 SWEATING
 SALIVATION
 PERISTALSIS
 VASOMOTOR ACTIVITY ETC
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM:

4.  AUTONOMIC NERVES:
 PREGANGLIONIC FIBERS ARISE FROM CNS
 GANGLIA FOR RELAY OF PREGANGLIONIC FIBERS
 POSTGANGLIONIC FIBERS FROM GANGLIA SUPPLY EFFECTORS
 SOMATIC NERVES:
 FROM CNS REACH THEIR DESTINATION WITHOUT ANY DELAY
ANS DIFFERS FROM SOMATIC NS IN

5. ANS DIFFERS FROM SOMATIC NS IN

6.  SYMPATHETIC
 PARASYMPATHETIC
 SYMPATHETIC ACTIVITIES:
 - WIDESPREAD
 - DIFFUSE
 - COMBAT ACUTE EMERGENCIES
 PARASYMPATHETIC ACTIVITIES:
 - DISCRETE
 - ISOLATED
 - PROVIDE A COMFORTABLE ENVIRONMENT
 BOTH ARE IN ABSOLUTE COORDINATION &
 ADJUST BODY INVOLUNTARILY TO GIVEN SURROUNDINGS
DIVISIONS OF AUTONOMIC NS

7. SYMPATHETIC NS
 MAINLY CONCERNED WITH MOBILIZATION OF BODY’S
RESOURCES UNDER STRESS TO INDUCE THE “FIGHT OR
FLIGHT RESPONSE”

8. SYMPATHETIC NS
 THORACOLUMBAR OUTFLOW
 ORIGIN T1 – T12 & LI & L2
SEGMENTS
 FROM LATERAL COLUMNS
 MYELINATED PREGANGLIOINIC
FIBERS (WHITE RAMI)
 EMERGE THROUGH VENTRAL RAMI
WHERE WHITE RAMI ARE
CONNECTED TO SYMPATHETIC
CHAIN GANGLIA
THORACOLUMBAR

9. SYMPATHETIC FIBERS
 PREGANGLIONIC FIBERS
EITHER RELAY IN :
 LATERAL GANGLIA
(SYMPATHETIC CHAIN) OR
 COLLATERAL GANGLIA (CELIAC
GANGLIA)
 NON MYELINATED
POSTGANGLIONIC FIBERS
(GRC) RUN FOR SOME
DISTANCE BEFORE THE
TARGET ORGAN

10. SYMPATHETIC FIBERS
 ADRENAL MEDULA IS SUPPLIED BY
PREGANGLIONIC FIBERS
 SYMPATHETIC FIBERS ARE
ADRENERGIC (NORADRENALIN)
 EXCEPTIONS TO THIS GENERAL
RULE:
 CHOLENERGIC SYMPATHETIC
NERVES:-
 - SWEAT GLANDS
 - SKELETAL MUSCLE VESSELS FOR
VASODILATATION

11. FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF
SYMPATHETIC FIBERS
 VASOMOTOR:
 - VASOCONSTRICTOR
 SUDOMOTOR:
 - SECRETOR OF SWEAT
 PILOMOTOR:
 - ARRECTOR PILI CONTRACTOR

12. FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF
SYMPATHETIC FIBERS
 PUPILARY DILATORS
 PALE FACE
 DRY MOUTH
 TACHYCARDIA
 RISE IN BP
 INHIBITION OF HOLLOW VISCERA
 CLOSURE OF PERINEAL SPHICTORS

13. GENERALIZED
EFFECT
 Blood supply to skeletal
muscles, heart & brain is
markedly increased
 Thus, sympathetic reactions
tend to be ‘mass reactions’,
 Mobilize resources of body for
expenditure of energy in
dealing with emergencies or
emotional crises (fright, fight,
flight)

14. PARASYMPATHETIC NS
 CRANIOSACRAL
OUTFLOW:
 BRAIN:
 3RD, 7TH, 9TH, & 10TH
CRANIAL NERVES
 SACRAL SPINAL
SEGMENTS:
 S2 – S4

15. PARASYMPATHETIC NS
 FUNCTION:
 RESPONSIBLE
SPECIFICALLY FOR
STIMULATION OF
ACTIVIRIES WHEN IN THE
BODY IS AT REST
 CONSERVE THE
RESOURCES OF BODY FOR
LONG LASTING EFFICACY

16. PARASYMPATHETIC FIBERS
 VERY LONG PREGANGLIONIC &
SHORT POSTGANGLIONIC FIBERS
 FIBERS TERMINAL GANGLIA
LOCATED MOSTLY ON VISCERA
 NERVE ENDINGS ARE CHOLINERGIC
(SIMILAR TO SOMATIC NERVE

17. PARASYMPATHETIC ACTIVITY
 FULLY RELAXED SUBJECT
 CONSTRICTED PUPILS
 FACE FLUSHED
 MOIST MOUTH
 PULSE SLOW
 BP LOW
 BLADDER & GUT CONTRACING
 SPHINCTORS RELAXED
 IN GENERAL:
 CONSERVE & RESTORE THE ENERGY RESOURCES OF BODY

18. COMPARISON B/W SYMPATHETIC &
PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEMS
 SYMPATHETIC:
 THORACOLUMBAR
 SHORT PRE- GANGLIONIC FIBERS RELAY EITHER IN LATERAL OR
COLLATERAL GANGLIS
 POSTGANGLIONIC FIBERS ARE LONG NERVE ENDINGS
 ADRENERGIC EXCEPT SWEAT GLANDS

19. FUNCTION OF SYMPATHETIC NS
 FUNCTIONALLY:
 VASO/ SUDO/ PILOMOTOR
 DILATES SKELETAL Ms BLOOD VESSELS
 SEEN IN SUBJECT EXPOSED TO FEAR & FIGHT
 WIDE & DIFFUSED, TEND TO EXPEND THE ENERGY RESOURCES OF
BODY DURING EMERGENCIES & EMOTIONAL CRISIS

20. FUNCTION OF SYMPATHETIC NS
 SUPPLIES VISCERAL BLOOD VESSELS, SKIN
 AFFERENTS FROM VISCERA & SPECIFIC SKIN AREAS REACH
CEREBRUM THROUGH SPINAL SEGMENT
 SINCE PAIN IS BETTER APPRECIATED FROM SKIN
 IT APPEARS TO BE COMING FROM SKIN RATHER THAN
VISCERA
 THIS IS THE BASIS OF REFFERED PAIN

21. PARASYMPATHETIC NS
 NEURONS FROM:
 BRAIN (CRANIAL) PART:
 CR. NERVE 3RD, 7TH, 9TH, & 10TH
 SPINAL (SACRAL) PART:
 S2—S4
 LONG PRE – GANGLIONIC FIBERS
 TERMINAL GANGLIA MOSTLY ON VISCERA
 SHORT POSTGANGLIONIC FIBERS
 NERVE ENDINGS CHOLINERGIC

22. FUNCTIONS OF PARASYMPATHETIC NS:
 FULLY RELAXED SUBJECT
 NO EFFECT ON SKIN
 DISCRETE, ISOLATED EFFECT,
 CONSERVES & RESTORES THE RESOURCES OF
ENERGY
 SUPPLIES ONLY VISCERA

24. ROLE IN HOMEOSTASIS
IN A NORMAL
SUBJECT THERE IS
A BALANCE B/W
BOTH SYSTEMS TO
MAINTAIN
HOMEOSTASIS

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