Alien Plant Invasion in Southern Africa and Robben Island: The Role of Phylogeny, Functional Traits and Climate Change
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Alien Plant Invasion in Southern Africa and Robben Island: The Role of Phylogeny, Functional Traits and Climate Change
- 1. Alien Plant Invasion in Southern Africa and Robben island: The Role of Phylogeny, Functional traits and Climate Change Kowiyou Yessoufou University of South Africa yessok@unisa.ac.za kowiyouyessoufou1@gmail.com
- 2. Summary Vegetation types Diversity of Vegetation types Biodiversity hotspots Southern Africa as hot spots of diversity
- 3. Fynbos Namib Desert Grassland Savanna Coastal Belt Miombo Woodland Southern Africa as hot spots of diversity…
- 4. Wilson et al. 2013 S Afr J Sci. 109(5/6) One Threat to native diversity in Southern Africa
- 5. 1935 Robben Island: ~ half of the island is covered by alien plants
- 6. Rouget et al. 2015. South Afr J. Bot. doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2015.04.009 Biome specificity in geographic pattern of alien
- 7. Hypotheses Thuiller et al. 2010. Divers. Distr. 16, 461–475
- 8. Contradicting patterns reported in literature
- 9. Documenting alien and native flora in Southern Africa
- 10. 6-year data collection across Southern Africa
- 11. 6-year Lab works: DNA data for Southern Africa’s flora
- 12. 1178natives 232 exotics 169 invasives 63 non-invasives o 584 genera o 131 families • 1410 taxa Sampled taxa in figures
- 14. Bezeng et al. 2015, J. Ecol. 103, 871–879 In-Nat Non_Inv-NatIn-Non_Inv Nat Non_InvInv Mann–Whitney U-test, W = 303 208, P < 0.001 Comparing phylogenetic relatedness
- 15. Comparing phylogenetic relatedness on Robben Island Similar pattern observed for random communities Discounting Darwin’s Nat. Hypothesis
- 16. Johnson 2010, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 365, 499–516 Documenting functional traits of alien and native flora
- 20. Chytrý et al. 2008. Ecology 89: 1541–1553. Role of climate change
- 21. MaxEnt projection Role of climate change…
- 22. Role of climate change…
- 23. Exclude species of less than 20 (a), 30 (b) and 50 occurrence points (c) a b c Sensitivity of predictions to number of occurrence points
- 24. Model sensitivity to dates of introduction Species–climate equilibrium assumption of SDMs
- 25. • Differences in functional traits between native and non-natives BUT NOT between invasive and non-native species • These differences translate into a pattern that matches the predictions of Darwin’s Naturalization Hypothesis • Climate change could contribute to fighting/limiting geographic ranges in the region Conclusion
- 26. Acknowledgement
Editor's Notes
- harbours five of the nine African biodiversity hotspots. The CFR is the only floral kingdom to be found within the borders of a single country
- Biomes are typically defined on the basis of broad vegetation types and the biophysical features that exercise fundamental control on the distribution of plants
- The first step was to decide what exactly to include in our sampling and how to define a tree. We used the following criteria to define a tree. Must be a woody plant with at least a minimum height of 2m (we included some Aloe & Protea species which are at least 1.5m tall but meet of of our other criteria) An above ground permanent stem. Again we had also included some taxa with subterranean stem like for example Welwitschia and some of the geoxylic suffrutices. 3. We considered various habits for example cycads, aborescent succulents, palms, climbers like Entada and as mention before geoxylic suffrutex.
- Kudzu – from China & Japan, but now across U.S. southeast. Snakehead – fishes from Asia and Africa, but have appeared in several U.S. states. Walking catfish – from southeast Asia, but now in Florida and a few other U.S. states.
- - GCM = Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO-Mk3.0 - Special Report on Emissions Scenarios SRES A1B carbon emission scenario
- - 1 exception to the general trend of range contraction was observed for the HadGEM2 GCM under the lowest emissions scenario (i.e. HadGEM2_2.6). - 2 additional GCMs; the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model Version 3 (GFDL-CM3) and Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model version 2 (HadGEM2-AO) - 3 greenhouse gas concentration scenarios or representative concentration pathways (RCPs) each; the lowest RCP=2.6, medium RCP=4.5 and highest RCP=8.5 for the year 2070.
- One key assumption of SDMs is that species distributions are in equilibrium with their environment