RTI in Exclusive breast feed baby vs Not Exclusively breast feed baby Journal...MinhajulIslam83
Comparison of incidence of acute respiratory infection
in exclusively breastfed infants and not exclusively
breastfed infants from 61 to 180 days of age:
A prospective cohort study
This study examined the long-term relationship between breastfeeding and asthma/atopy in a New Zealand birth cohort of over 1,000 children followed up to age 26. The study found that breastfeeding for over 4 weeks doubled the risk of diagnosed asthma in childhood and these effects persisted into adulthood. Additionally, breastfeeding for over 13 weeks increased the likelihood of skin test response to allergens. However, the study had limitations such as unclear definitions of breastfeeding and potential recall and selection biases. Overall, the study did not support the idea that breastfeeding protects against asthma or atopy.
This study compared the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in exclusively breastfed infants versus not exclusively breastfed infants aged 61-180 days. A total of 200 infants were followed prospectively for 4 months each and divided into two groups: 100 exclusively breastfed infants and 100 not exclusively breastfed infants. A total of 232 ARI episodes were recorded, with 67 episodes in the exclusively breastfed group and 165 episodes in the not exclusively breastfed group. The incidence of ARI was higher in the not exclusively breastfed group compared to the exclusively breastfed group. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months was found to be effective in preventing ARI in infants aged 61-180 days.
This study compared the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in exclusively breastfed infants versus not exclusively breastfed infants aged 61-180 days. A total of 200 infants were followed prospectively for 4 months each and divided into two groups: 100 exclusively breastfed infants and 100 not exclusively breastfed infants. A total of 232 ARI episodes were recorded, with 67 episodes in the exclusively breastfed group and 165 episodes in the not exclusively breastfed group. The incidence of ARI was higher in the not exclusively breastfed group compared to the exclusively breastfed group. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months was found to be effective in preventing ARI in infants aged 61-180 days.
This study examined the relationship between breastfeeding and later development of asthma and atopy in a New Zealand birth cohort. The results showed that breastfeeding for less than 4 weeks was associated with increased risk of atopic sensitization at age 13 and doubled risk of diagnosed asthma in childhood, with effects persisting into adulthood. However, longer or exclusive breastfeeding was not found to have a protective effect against later asthma or atopy. While breastfeeding provides important benefits, this study did not find evidence that it protects against the development of allergic diseases long-term.
1) Asthma prevalence has increased worldwide to over 300 million patients according to recent studies. While death rates have decreased in many countries, asthma remains a significant global health burden.
2) Many risk factors are associated with asthma, including genetics, environmental exposures like tobacco smoke, indoor and outdoor pollution, diet, obesity, and lack of early childhood infections. However, the exact causes remain unclear as factors often interact.
3) Early life exposures may be particularly important as certain risk factors can program the developing immune system. Preventive strategies aim to modify risk factors like smoking, air pollution, and diet while also addressing specific sensitivities through allergen immunotherapy.
PPT presentation supporting education for the NHS SEC SCN Acute Care Pathways: Fever, Bronchiolitis, Diarrhoea and Vomiting, Head Injury and Acute Asthma
The document discusses several studies on risk factors for atopy and asthma. It summarizes the following key points:
1) A large international study found significant global variation in asthma prevalence among children aged 6-7 and 13-14, with rates ranging from under 5% to over 20% depending on location.
2) Studies of birth cohorts in the UK found that over 50% of children were diagnosed with at least one allergic condition by age 18, with the most common trajectory being eczema followed by asthma then rhinitis.
3) The prevalence of peanut allergy among children in the UK doubled between 1989-1990 and 2001-2002, suggesting an increasing trend.
4) Children
RTI in Exclusive breast feed baby vs Not Exclusively breast feed baby Journal...MinhajulIslam83
Comparison of incidence of acute respiratory infection
in exclusively breastfed infants and not exclusively
breastfed infants from 61 to 180 days of age:
A prospective cohort study
This study examined the long-term relationship between breastfeeding and asthma/atopy in a New Zealand birth cohort of over 1,000 children followed up to age 26. The study found that breastfeeding for over 4 weeks doubled the risk of diagnosed asthma in childhood and these effects persisted into adulthood. Additionally, breastfeeding for over 13 weeks increased the likelihood of skin test response to allergens. However, the study had limitations such as unclear definitions of breastfeeding and potential recall and selection biases. Overall, the study did not support the idea that breastfeeding protects against asthma or atopy.
This study compared the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in exclusively breastfed infants versus not exclusively breastfed infants aged 61-180 days. A total of 200 infants were followed prospectively for 4 months each and divided into two groups: 100 exclusively breastfed infants and 100 not exclusively breastfed infants. A total of 232 ARI episodes were recorded, with 67 episodes in the exclusively breastfed group and 165 episodes in the not exclusively breastfed group. The incidence of ARI was higher in the not exclusively breastfed group compared to the exclusively breastfed group. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months was found to be effective in preventing ARI in infants aged 61-180 days.
This study compared the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in exclusively breastfed infants versus not exclusively breastfed infants aged 61-180 days. A total of 200 infants were followed prospectively for 4 months each and divided into two groups: 100 exclusively breastfed infants and 100 not exclusively breastfed infants. A total of 232 ARI episodes were recorded, with 67 episodes in the exclusively breastfed group and 165 episodes in the not exclusively breastfed group. The incidence of ARI was higher in the not exclusively breastfed group compared to the exclusively breastfed group. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months was found to be effective in preventing ARI in infants aged 61-180 days.
This study examined the relationship between breastfeeding and later development of asthma and atopy in a New Zealand birth cohort. The results showed that breastfeeding for less than 4 weeks was associated with increased risk of atopic sensitization at age 13 and doubled risk of diagnosed asthma in childhood, with effects persisting into adulthood. However, longer or exclusive breastfeeding was not found to have a protective effect against later asthma or atopy. While breastfeeding provides important benefits, this study did not find evidence that it protects against the development of allergic diseases long-term.
1) Asthma prevalence has increased worldwide to over 300 million patients according to recent studies. While death rates have decreased in many countries, asthma remains a significant global health burden.
2) Many risk factors are associated with asthma, including genetics, environmental exposures like tobacco smoke, indoor and outdoor pollution, diet, obesity, and lack of early childhood infections. However, the exact causes remain unclear as factors often interact.
3) Early life exposures may be particularly important as certain risk factors can program the developing immune system. Preventive strategies aim to modify risk factors like smoking, air pollution, and diet while also addressing specific sensitivities through allergen immunotherapy.
PPT presentation supporting education for the NHS SEC SCN Acute Care Pathways: Fever, Bronchiolitis, Diarrhoea and Vomiting, Head Injury and Acute Asthma
The document discusses several studies on risk factors for atopy and asthma. It summarizes the following key points:
1) A large international study found significant global variation in asthma prevalence among children aged 6-7 and 13-14, with rates ranging from under 5% to over 20% depending on location.
2) Studies of birth cohorts in the UK found that over 50% of children were diagnosed with at least one allergic condition by age 18, with the most common trajectory being eczema followed by asthma then rhinitis.
3) The prevalence of peanut allergy among children in the UK doubled between 1989-1990 and 2001-2002, suggesting an increasing trend.
4) Children
The document discusses three studies related to reducing environmental allergens:
1) The Kingston Allergy Birth Cohort study found associations between parental reports of wheeze/cough in children and prenatal cigarette smoke exposure, mold/dampness in the home, and use of air fresheners. Breastfeeding and older siblings were associated with decreased respiratory symptoms.
2) A review of multifaceted and monofaceted interventions found that multifaceted interventions reducing exposure to multiple allergens reduced the likelihood of asthma diagnosis in children under 5 and over 5 compared to usual care. Mono-interventions did not produce statistically significant effects.
3) A study discusses emerging payment approaches for home
The EAT study was a randomized controlled trial that evaluated whether introducing common allergenic foods like peanut, egg, and milk earlier would prevent food allergies in breastfed infants compared to exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. Over 1300 infants were randomly assigned at 3 months of age to either the early introduction group, which introduced the foods between 3-6 months, or the standard introduction group. The primary outcome was food allergy to one of the foods between 1-3 years of age. The intention-to-treat analysis found no significant difference in food allergy rates between the groups. However, per-protocol and consumption-based analyses raised the possibility that prevention may be dose-dependent.
The document discusses several studies related to prescribing competence of junior doctors, antibiotic use, and childhood injuries and illnesses. It summarizes the following key points:
- A study found that only 31% of junior doctors correctly answered questions about prescribing for children, though this increased to 73% after local training initiatives.
- Using an interactive booklet on respiratory infections reduced antibiotic prescribing in children from 40.8% to 19.5% and decreased parents' plans to seek future care.
- Early childhood lead exposure was associated with poorer performance on writing assessments even at blood lead levels below 10 μg/dl, suggesting the threshold for concern should be lowered to 5 μg/dl.
- Children under age 12 have an elevated
This document presents a debate on whether preschool children experiencing acute wheezing episodes should be treated with oral corticosteroids (OCS). The pro side argues that many preschool children with recurrent wheezing develop atopic disease and sensitization which predicts increased risk of asthma and response to OCS therapy. Studies have shown heterogeneity in design and populations making it difficult to make definitive recommendations against OCS use. The con side argues that most studies have not demonstrated beneficial effects of OCS for acute wheezing in preschool children. Repeated OCS bursts may also be associated with adverse effects. Both sides agree more efficacy trials are needed targeting phenotypes likely to respond to OCS.
Comics in Pediatric Patient Education - Comics & Medicine 2014BoosterShot
Comics in Pediatric Patient Education: Superheroes, Monstrous Villains & Helpful Dinosaurs!
Presented at the Comics & Medicine 2014 conference at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Authors: Alex Thomas, MD and Gary Ashwal, MA from Booster Shot Comics.
Gloria Folson and Futoshi Yamauchi
Side Event: How Japan’s know-how can help address food and nutrition challenges in the developing world
Tokyo Nutrition for Growth (N4G) Summit 2021
NOV 30, 2021
Highlights on the EFSA Opinion on the appropriate age range for introduction ...EFSA EU
FENS 2019 - Dublin
Highlights on the EFSA Scientific Opinion on the appropriate age range for introduction of complementary feeding into an infant's diet, Prof M Fewtrell
Allergy arkwright ac anaphylaxis controversies finer pointsanaphylaxiscampaign
1) Increasing obesity rates are raising concerns that adrenaline auto-injectors may fail to inject into muscle in some patients, as skin-to-muscle depth varies with weight. However, studies found obese patients were no more likely to need multiple doses.
2) Strict avoidance of foods like milk and eggs may prolong and exacerbate allergies, as evidence suggests regular intake of baked forms can help children develop tolerance.
3) Genetic factors like filaggrin mutations and severity of atopic dermatitis and asthma are among risk factors for more severe or complex food allergies. Unnecessary avoidance may also influence outcomes.
Soy formula for prevention of allergy and food intolerance in infants, a meta...Ariyanto Harsono
This meta-analysis reviewed studies comparing the use of soy formula to other formulas for preventing allergy and food intolerance in infants. It found:
1) No eligible studies comparing soy formula to human milk or comparing early, short-term soy formula use.
2) For prolonged soy formula use in high-risk infants, meta-analyses found no significant differences in outcomes like allergy, asthma, eczema, or rhinitis compared to cow's milk formula.
3) Only one study with adequate methodology directly compared soy formula to cow's milk formula, and it also found no significant differences in outcomes.
4) No eligible studies compared soy formula to hydrolyzed protein formulas.
Behavioural, educational and respiratory outcomesdanirra20123
This document summarizes the results of a follow-up study that examined potential long-term effects of antenatal betamethasone administered prior to elective caesarean section. The study found no significant differences in behavior, cognitive development, academic achievement, or rates of asthma and allergies between children whose mothers received betamethasone compared to controls. Specifically, questionnaire responses showed no differences in strengths and difficulties scores. Similarly, school performance assessments and rates of conditions like wheezing were comparable between the groups. The study concludes that a single course of antenatal betamethasone does not result in adverse long-term outcomes and could be considered for elective c-sections from 37-38 weeks to
This document summarizes concerns about vaccine safety and alternatives to vaccination. It discusses the potential risks of mercury, aluminum, and other components in vaccines on immune and neurological development. While not suggesting abandoning vaccines, it notes the lack of long-term safety studies and the possibility that vaccines may exacerbate underlying immune issues or metabolic disorders in some children.
The study identified 11 factors that contribute to stunting in children under 5 years old in Putrajaya, Malaysia. The strongest associated factor was complications during pregnancy like intrauterine growth restriction. Other significant factors included mid-parental height less than 150cm, low household income, low birth weight, use of pacifiers, lower maternal education, unemployed fathers, anemia in children, bottle feeding, lack of minimum dietary diversity, and care by babysitters. Addressing these maternal, socioeconomic, childcare and nutritional factors through community interventions and policies could help reduce the high prevalence of stunting in Putrajaya.
This document discusses food allergy prevalence globally based on available studies. It notes that while challenge-confirmed prevalence data is limited, studies using other measures indicate food allergy is increasing in both Western and developing countries. Prevalence appears highest in younger children and some Western countries report rates over 10% in infants. Studies also suggest increasing prevalence in developing countries commensurate with economic growth. More robust prevalence studies, especially in Asia and developing regions, are needed to understand the global burden.
This document summarizes research on the global epidemiology of food allergy. It finds that while robust data on food allergy prevalence is limited, available studies indicate rates are increasing worldwide. Food allergy prevalence as high as 10% has been reported in children in Western countries, and developing countries like China and Africa now report similar rates. Risk factors like male sex, family history of allergy, and lifestyle changes associated with urbanization and Westernization may be contributing to rising global food allergy prevalence. More high-quality studies on prevalence, particularly in Asia and developing regions, are still needed.
Professor Soo Downe presenting at the Doctoral Midwifery Research Society Alcohol & Medication in Pregnancy Conferene about 'Which horse for which courses? The EBM Problem in studies of pharmacological substances in maternity care'.
Dr. Ankit Jain et al conducted a study to evaluate neonatal outcomes in mothers with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) at a tertiary care hospital. They analyzed 85 neonates born to mothers with PROM. Most neonates were born at 35-36 weeks gestation to primigravid mothers aged 21-25 years via normal vaginal delivery. The most common neonatal complications were jaundice, respiratory distress, and hypoglycemia. Over half of neonates were admitted to the NICU. Most had normal CBC and CRP reports, and the majority exhibited no complications. Common issues during hospitalization included decreased activity, fever, and feeding difficulties.
The document discusses three studies related to reducing environmental allergens:
1) The Kingston Allergy Birth Cohort study found associations between parental reports of wheeze/cough in children and prenatal cigarette smoke exposure, mold/dampness in the home, and use of air fresheners. Breastfeeding and older siblings were associated with decreased respiratory symptoms.
2) A review of multifaceted and monofaceted interventions found that multifaceted interventions reducing exposure to multiple allergens reduced the likelihood of asthma diagnosis in children under 5 and over 5 compared to usual care. Mono-interventions did not produce statistically significant effects.
3) A study discusses emerging payment approaches for home
The EAT study was a randomized controlled trial that evaluated whether introducing common allergenic foods like peanut, egg, and milk earlier would prevent food allergies in breastfed infants compared to exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. Over 1300 infants were randomly assigned at 3 months of age to either the early introduction group, which introduced the foods between 3-6 months, or the standard introduction group. The primary outcome was food allergy to one of the foods between 1-3 years of age. The intention-to-treat analysis found no significant difference in food allergy rates between the groups. However, per-protocol and consumption-based analyses raised the possibility that prevention may be dose-dependent.
The document discusses several studies related to prescribing competence of junior doctors, antibiotic use, and childhood injuries and illnesses. It summarizes the following key points:
- A study found that only 31% of junior doctors correctly answered questions about prescribing for children, though this increased to 73% after local training initiatives.
- Using an interactive booklet on respiratory infections reduced antibiotic prescribing in children from 40.8% to 19.5% and decreased parents' plans to seek future care.
- Early childhood lead exposure was associated with poorer performance on writing assessments even at blood lead levels below 10 μg/dl, suggesting the threshold for concern should be lowered to 5 μg/dl.
- Children under age 12 have an elevated
This document presents a debate on whether preschool children experiencing acute wheezing episodes should be treated with oral corticosteroids (OCS). The pro side argues that many preschool children with recurrent wheezing develop atopic disease and sensitization which predicts increased risk of asthma and response to OCS therapy. Studies have shown heterogeneity in design and populations making it difficult to make definitive recommendations against OCS use. The con side argues that most studies have not demonstrated beneficial effects of OCS for acute wheezing in preschool children. Repeated OCS bursts may also be associated with adverse effects. Both sides agree more efficacy trials are needed targeting phenotypes likely to respond to OCS.
Comics in Pediatric Patient Education - Comics & Medicine 2014BoosterShot
Comics in Pediatric Patient Education: Superheroes, Monstrous Villains & Helpful Dinosaurs!
Presented at the Comics & Medicine 2014 conference at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Authors: Alex Thomas, MD and Gary Ashwal, MA from Booster Shot Comics.
Gloria Folson and Futoshi Yamauchi
Side Event: How Japan’s know-how can help address food and nutrition challenges in the developing world
Tokyo Nutrition for Growth (N4G) Summit 2021
NOV 30, 2021
Highlights on the EFSA Opinion on the appropriate age range for introduction ...EFSA EU
FENS 2019 - Dublin
Highlights on the EFSA Scientific Opinion on the appropriate age range for introduction of complementary feeding into an infant's diet, Prof M Fewtrell
Allergy arkwright ac anaphylaxis controversies finer pointsanaphylaxiscampaign
1) Increasing obesity rates are raising concerns that adrenaline auto-injectors may fail to inject into muscle in some patients, as skin-to-muscle depth varies with weight. However, studies found obese patients were no more likely to need multiple doses.
2) Strict avoidance of foods like milk and eggs may prolong and exacerbate allergies, as evidence suggests regular intake of baked forms can help children develop tolerance.
3) Genetic factors like filaggrin mutations and severity of atopic dermatitis and asthma are among risk factors for more severe or complex food allergies. Unnecessary avoidance may also influence outcomes.
Soy formula for prevention of allergy and food intolerance in infants, a meta...Ariyanto Harsono
This meta-analysis reviewed studies comparing the use of soy formula to other formulas for preventing allergy and food intolerance in infants. It found:
1) No eligible studies comparing soy formula to human milk or comparing early, short-term soy formula use.
2) For prolonged soy formula use in high-risk infants, meta-analyses found no significant differences in outcomes like allergy, asthma, eczema, or rhinitis compared to cow's milk formula.
3) Only one study with adequate methodology directly compared soy formula to cow's milk formula, and it also found no significant differences in outcomes.
4) No eligible studies compared soy formula to hydrolyzed protein formulas.
Behavioural, educational and respiratory outcomesdanirra20123
This document summarizes the results of a follow-up study that examined potential long-term effects of antenatal betamethasone administered prior to elective caesarean section. The study found no significant differences in behavior, cognitive development, academic achievement, or rates of asthma and allergies between children whose mothers received betamethasone compared to controls. Specifically, questionnaire responses showed no differences in strengths and difficulties scores. Similarly, school performance assessments and rates of conditions like wheezing were comparable between the groups. The study concludes that a single course of antenatal betamethasone does not result in adverse long-term outcomes and could be considered for elective c-sections from 37-38 weeks to
This document summarizes concerns about vaccine safety and alternatives to vaccination. It discusses the potential risks of mercury, aluminum, and other components in vaccines on immune and neurological development. While not suggesting abandoning vaccines, it notes the lack of long-term safety studies and the possibility that vaccines may exacerbate underlying immune issues or metabolic disorders in some children.
The study identified 11 factors that contribute to stunting in children under 5 years old in Putrajaya, Malaysia. The strongest associated factor was complications during pregnancy like intrauterine growth restriction. Other significant factors included mid-parental height less than 150cm, low household income, low birth weight, use of pacifiers, lower maternal education, unemployed fathers, anemia in children, bottle feeding, lack of minimum dietary diversity, and care by babysitters. Addressing these maternal, socioeconomic, childcare and nutritional factors through community interventions and policies could help reduce the high prevalence of stunting in Putrajaya.
This document discusses food allergy prevalence globally based on available studies. It notes that while challenge-confirmed prevalence data is limited, studies using other measures indicate food allergy is increasing in both Western and developing countries. Prevalence appears highest in younger children and some Western countries report rates over 10% in infants. Studies also suggest increasing prevalence in developing countries commensurate with economic growth. More robust prevalence studies, especially in Asia and developing regions, are needed to understand the global burden.
This document summarizes research on the global epidemiology of food allergy. It finds that while robust data on food allergy prevalence is limited, available studies indicate rates are increasing worldwide. Food allergy prevalence as high as 10% has been reported in children in Western countries, and developing countries like China and Africa now report similar rates. Risk factors like male sex, family history of allergy, and lifestyle changes associated with urbanization and Westernization may be contributing to rising global food allergy prevalence. More high-quality studies on prevalence, particularly in Asia and developing regions, are still needed.
Professor Soo Downe presenting at the Doctoral Midwifery Research Society Alcohol & Medication in Pregnancy Conferene about 'Which horse for which courses? The EBM Problem in studies of pharmacological substances in maternity care'.
Dr. Ankit Jain et al conducted a study to evaluate neonatal outcomes in mothers with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) at a tertiary care hospital. They analyzed 85 neonates born to mothers with PROM. Most neonates were born at 35-36 weeks gestation to primigravid mothers aged 21-25 years via normal vaginal delivery. The most common neonatal complications were jaundice, respiratory distress, and hypoglycemia. Over half of neonates were admitted to the NICU. Most had normal CBC and CRP reports, and the majority exhibited no complications. Common issues during hospitalization included decreased activity, fever, and feeding difficulties.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
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Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
6. POSSIBLE CAUSES
1- increased environmental
(outdoor and indoor) pollution.
2- increased cow milk formula
feeding in early infancy.
3-others
7. Objectives
To find out the relationship between
bronchial asthma in children <five
years AND
1- smoking( as indoor pollutant.)
2- cow milk formula feeding in first six months of life
( cow milk protein may be provocative for the immune
system)
3- Familial factor.
10. Prospective exclusion criteria
• Patients with other lung
diseases(cystic fibrosis,pulmonary
dysplasia ………
• Patients with cardiovascular diseases
• Immunodificient patients
11. Data Collection
• Collected prospectively for each
patient on admission VIA
• Thorough history data collected
from both parents
• complete physical examination
13. RESULTS
• Total admissions < 5 years age 1017
Male to female ratio =1.5:1
• Total admitted asthmatic patients =89
(9%) Male to female ratio =2.5:1
• 40% of total admissions have at least
one smoker parent and 43% of total
asthmatic patients have at least one
smoker parent
14. % of males and females of total
admissions and asthmatic
children
0 20 40 60 80
Total
admissions
Asthmatic
patients females
Bar 2
males
15. RESULTS
• 423 (42%) of total admissions and 32(36%)
of asthmatic children were breast-fed (in
first 6 months of life)
• 537(53%) of total admissions and 52(58%)
of asthmatic children were on mixed
feeding.(breast &milk formula)
• 57 (5%) of total admissions and 5 (6%) of
asthmatics were only on cow milk
formula.
16. percentage of types of feedings
In total admissions and asthmatic
children
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
total
admissions
Asthmatic
mixed
artificial
breast
17. Feeding in first six months of life
in total admissions
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
total
admission
Breast
artificial
mixed
19. Percentage asthmatic pt,s of total
admissions in different seasons
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
may-july aug.-oct. nov.-jan feb.-apr.
3-D Column 1
3-D Column 2
20. Total admissions and asthmatic
pts in 3months periods
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
nov.-july2013 aug-oct2013 nov-jan2014 feb.-apr.2014
total pt,s
Asth.pt,s
21. RESULTS
• 149 ( 15%)of total admissions
have a positive family history.
• 36 (41%) of total asthmatic
children have a positive family
history of asthma
23. Estimations of O R ,RR
• Risk of a child with smoker parents to
develop asthma =
• the odds =
• Risk of a child with non smoker parents to
develop asthma =
• the odds =
407
43
364
43
610
46
564
46
24. RR AND OR
• Asthmatic child and smoker parents
• Relative risk (RR)= 1.4
• Odds ratio = 1.45
• CI 95% = (.09364- 2.2402)
26. Estimation of RR &OR
• Risk of breast fed child to have asthma
=32/423 =.07565
• number of odds =32/391=0.0818
• Risk of a child not breast fed to have
asthma =57/594 =0.09596
• number of odds =57/537=0.1061
27. Relative risk and odds ratio for a child
on mixed or artif. feeding in first six
months for
bronchial asthma
• RR = 1.27
• Odds Ratio=1.30
• CI 95% = (0.8252-2.0383)
29. Estimation of RR&OR
• Risk of a child with family history of
asthma to have asthma =36/149=0.2416
• Number of odds =36/113=0.3186
• Risk of a child without family history of
asthma to have asthma =53/868=0.0611
• Number of odds =53/815=0.0650
30. Relative risk and odds ratio for
a child with family history of
bronchial asthma
•RR= 3.95
•Odds Ratio=4.90
•CI 95% =(3.0716-
7.8133)
31. CONCLUSION
• Cow milk formula feeding in early infancy
&
• smoking parents ( as indoor pollutant )
• MAY PLAY SOME ROLE I
N INCREASING RISK OF
ASTHMA IN CHILDREN
33. conclusion
•53%of total admissions were on
mixed milk feeding(breast&formula
feeding) in the first six months of life.This
may be due to the misconception
among mothers that milk formulas
(support) child,s health!!! THIS SHOULD
BE DISCOURAGED
34. Conclusion
•40%of total admissions have
at least one smoker parent.
• It is AN ALARMING SIGN IN
THE JORDANIAN SOCIETY.
• And should be opposed by
campaigns against smoking