The document discusses arthritis, defining it as a group of inflammatory disorders that affect the joints, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness. It notes the most common types are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Common areas affected are the feet, hands, hips, knees, and lower back. Causes include infection, immune system issues, injury, genetics, and metabolism problems. Symptoms are swelling, pain, and stiffness. Diagnosis involves x-rays, blood tests, and physical exams. Treatments include medication, surgery, physical therapy, assistive devices, and weight loss.

1. ARTHRITIS
BY
DR BUSHRA AMJAD

2. Defination :
 Arthritis is a medical term used to describe a group of inflammatory disorders that
affect the joints in the body.
 These conditions typically involve inflammation, pain, swelling, and stiffness in one
or more joints.
 Arthritis can have various causes, including autoimmune reactions, wear and tear
on the joints, infections, and other underlying medical conditions. There are many
different types of arthritis, with the two most common being osteoarthritis and
rheumatoid arthritis.

3. Common areas of body affected by
arthritis
Arthritis is most common in the following areas of the body:
 Feet.
 Hands.
 Hips.
 Knees.
 Lower back.

4. Causes of arthritis:
Infection
Immune system dysfunction
Injury
Genetic
Unusual Metabolism

5. Symptoms of arthritis:
 Swelling-Arthritis causes an abnormal enlargement of a part of the body. This is
due to the accumulation of fluid.
 Pain- The feeling of constant pain in the many parts of the body
 Stiffness- Stiffness in the muscles upon waking up, or sitting at one place for
long, upon waking up in the morning or after sitting at a desk. One may feel
stiffness in finger, wrist, elbow, knees, ankles, shoulder or in any other joint.
 Fever, chills, fatigue, loss of appetite and headaches are some other common
symptoms of arthritis.

6. Diagnosis of arthritis:
The combination of radiography, laboratory test and physical examination may be
carried out. Diagnostic tests to diagnose arthritis include:
 Ultrasound
 MRI
 Blood Culture
 Joint X-Ray
 Tear Test
 Thyroid Function Test
 Uric Acid Test

7. Treatment :
Arthritis can be treated by following methods:
 Medication
 Joint Replacement Surgery
 Physical Therapies
 Joint Assistive Aids
 Weight Loss

8. OSTEOARTHRITIS

28. Rheumatoid arthritis: