soil

1. THE SOILS OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR
BROWN EARTH/BROWN FOREST SOILS: These soils have been spotted in parts of Kathua, Udhampur,
Doda, Poonch, Rajouri, Anantnag and Baramulla District.
DEGRADED OR GREY BROWN PODZOLIC SOILS: These soils occur in parts of Baderwah, Ramnagar,
Poonch, Gulmarg, Pahalgam and are of loam to clay texture at their surface and clay loam to clay texture at
their sub-surface and of fine granular well developed angular block structure.
RED AND YELLOW PODZOLIC SOILS: These soils occur in parts of Udhampur, Kathua, Rajouri and
Poonch.
HILL OR MOUNTAIN FOREST SOILS: These are sandy loam to loamy, fine to weakly granular
moderately alkaline
MOUNTAIN MEADOW SOILS: Sandy loam to clay loam fine to coarse granular mountain meadow soils
occur in Gulmarg, Pahalgam, Sonamarg, Lolab, Gurez, and Changthang.
LITHOSOLS: Lithosols occur on steep slopes in the forest hills of 400 to 600 meters above sea level Jammu,
Udhampur, Kathua, Rajouri, and Poonch Districts.
SALINE ALKALI SOILS: These soils occur in alluvial belt of Jammu (RS Pura/Bishna), Kathua
(Ramkol/Challain) and Changthang area of Ladakh
ALLUVIAL SOILS: These soils cover plains of Kathua, Jammu Rajouri, Poonch, Udhampur in Jammu,
Vales in Kashmir and Sindh in Ladakh sub divisions. They are situated in the flood plains of Ravi, Chenab,
Jhelum and Sindh rivers and their tributaries.

2. THE SOILS OF TAMILNADU
The soils of Tamil Nadu are red loam, laterite, black, alluvial and saline soils.
Red Loam : This soil occupies a large part of the State particularly interior districts including the
coastal districts.It is found predominantly in Kancheepuram,Cuddalore, Vellore Salem,
Dharmapuri,Ramanathapuram,Coimbatore,Trichy,Pudukkottai,Thanjavur,Madurai,Dindigul,
Sivaganga,Virudunagar, Nagapattinam, Thoothukudi, Tirunelveli and the Nilgiris.The red or brown
colour of the soil is attributed to the diffusion of iron content.
Laterite Soil :This soil is clayey and generally brick red with a little titanium present. It is found in
parts of Kancheepuram, Thanjavur, Nagapattinam and the Nilgiris districts.
Black Soil :The black clayey alluvium rich soil is known as black cotton soil which is found in parts of
Coimbatore, Madurai, Dindigul, Thoothukudi and Tirunelveli and in patches in the districts of
Kancheepuram, Vellore, Salem, Dharmapuri, Ramanathapuram, Virudunagar andthe Nilgiris.
Alluvial Soil:Coastal and deltaic areas of Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Tiruchirappalli, Cuddalore,
Kancheepuram, Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, Kanyakumari, Ramanathapuram and Sivaganga districts have
this kind of soil.
Saline Soil : These soils are found in the regions of poor drainage and high evaporation. It is found in
patches in all the districts except Kanyakumari and the Nilgiris.