Art 152 weeks 11 13
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This document provides an overview of European and American architecture, art, and design from the early 18th century through the mid-19th century. It lists important works such as Boffrand's Hotel de Soubise in Paris, Watteau's Pilgrimage to the Island of Cythera, Fragonard's The Swing, Reynolds' Lady Sarah Bunbury sacrificing to the Graces, Zoffany's Academicians of the Royal Academy, Kauffmann's Cornelia Pointing to her Children as Treasures, West's The Death of General Wolfe, Gainsborough's Mr. and Mrs. Andrews, Wright's An Experiment on a Bird in the Air-Pump, Piranesi's
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Similar to Art 152 weeks 11 13
Similar to Art 152 weeks 11 13 (11)
Art 152 weeks 11 13
- 1. Weeks 11-13
- 2. Germain Boffrand, Salon de la Princesse, Hotel de Soubise, Paris, begun 1732
- 3. Jean-Antoine Watteau, Pilgrimage to the Island of Cythera, 1717
- 5. Sir Joshua Reynolds, Lady Sarah Bunbury sacrificing to the Graces, 1765
- 6. John Zoffany, Academicians of the Royal Academy, 1771-2
- 7. Angelica Kauffmann, Cornelia Pointing to her Children as Treasures, c. 1785
- 8. Benjamin West, The Death of General Wolfe, 1770
- 9. Thomas Gainsborough, Robert Andrews and Frances Carter (Mr. and Mrs. Andrews), c. 1748-50
- 10. Joseph Wright of Derby, An Experiment on a Bird in the Air-Pump, 1768
- 11. Richard Boyle, Lord Burlington, Chiswick House, Chiswick, 1724-9
- 12. Giovanni Piranesi, View of the Pantheon, from The Antiquity of Rome, 1748
- 13. Thomas Jefferson, Monticello, 1769-82, 1796-1809
- 14. Benjamin Latrobe, U.S. Capitol, c. 1808 (engraving by T. Sutherland, 1825)
- 15. Henry Flitcroft and Henry Hoare, The Park at Stourhead, Wiltshire, designed 1743, executed 1744-65
- 16. Horace Walpole, Strawberry Hill, Twickenham, 1749-76
- 17. Charles Barry and A. W. Pugin, Houses of Parliament, London, 1836-60
- 19. Anton Raphael Mengs, Parnassus, ceiling fresco in the Villa Albani, Rome, 1761
- 20. Antonio Canova, Pauline Borghese as Venus, 1808
Editor's Notes
- Salons: name for the room as well as the events held in themThe center of social life in the home for aristocratsIntimate, fashionable intellectual gatheringsHosted on a daily basis by the women”Salon de la Princesse,” in the Hotel de Soubise, Paris (Rococo)Setting for gatherings of the Parisian aristocracy in the years prior to the French Revolution
- ”Pilgrimage to the Island of Cythera” (Rococo)An imaginary idyllic and sensual life of Rococo aristocratsMelancholic undertone hints at the fleeting quality of human happinessA dream world in which beautifully dressed couples conclude their day’s romantic trysts on Cythera, the island sacred to Venus (goddess of love, whose statue is on the right side of the painting)Watteau painted this as his official examination canvas for admission to membership in the Royal AcademyDidn’t fall into any existing genre, so the fete galantegenre was created to depict elegant outdoor entertainment
- ”The Swing” (Rococo)Clearly intended to be sensually explicitPretty young girl on a swing, being pushed by an elderly bishop obscured by the shadow of the bushes on the rightHer lover swoons in front of her, and pretends to cover his view with his hatSculpture of Cupid on the leftImage bursts with anticipation and desire but maintains a sense of humor
- Reynolds: first president of the Royal AcademyArtists should follow the precedents set by classical artistsAll works should communicate universal truths, and avoid representations based on observationGrand manner: combination of Reynolds’ taste for history and his patrons’ desire for images of themselves through mythological portraiture“Lady Sarah Bunbury Sacrificing to the Graces” (18th century England)Very large scale, with classical and historical elementsLady Sarah plays the part of a Roman priestess making a sacrifice to the Three Graces (personifications of female beauty)
- Academies: French government founded them for the support and instruction of students in literature, painting, and sculptureHistory paintings: based on historical, mythological, or biblical narratives and generally conveying a high moral or intellectual idea“Academicians of the Royal Academy”Members of London’s Royal Academy of Arts are shown in this paintingShows only male artists setting up a life-drawing class, while two female Royal Academicians were included in portrait form on the right
- Angelica KauffmanSwiss history painterOne of the greatest exponents of early neoclassicismOne of two women artists named among the founding members of the Royal Academy“Cornelia Pointing to her Children as Treasures” (Neoclassicism)The scene in the painting took place in the second century BCA woman visitor shows Cornelia her jewels and then asks to see Cornelia’s, at which point she points to her children, indicating that they are her most precious jewelsSevere and classical, but with warm, tranquil figuresMaternal dedication
- Benjamin WestCompletely went away from neoclassicism in this paintingArgued that history painting was not dependent on dressing figures in Classical costumes, it could represent a contemporary subject as long as the grand themes and message remained intact“The Death of General Wolfe” (modern history painting)Glorifies the British general James Wolfe, who died in 1759 in a British victory over the French for the control of Quebec during the Seven Years’ WarWolfe actually died at the base of a tree only surrounded by a couple peopleCelebrates the valor of the fallen hero, the loyalty of the British soldiers, and the justice of their causeIncludes a Native American warrior to indicate the North American settingPoses suggest lamentation over Christ, with the British flag replacing the cross
- “Robert Andrews and Frances Carter” (18th century England)Shows the wealthy young landowner and his wife posed on the grounds of their estate, with the Sudbury River and the hills of Suffolk in the backgroundThis painting wasn’t completely finished, i.e. the pheasant in Mrs. Andrews’ lapSignificance lies in the natural pose of the couple, the depictions of their land and the pride they take in it, and the artist’s emphasis on nature as the source of bounty and beauty
- Joseph Wright of DerbySet up his studio during the first wave of the Industrial Revolution, so many of his patrons were self-made wealthy industrial entrepreneursSeries of “entertaining” scenes of scientific experiments“An Experiment on a Bird in the Air-Pump” (18th century England)Air-pump was a new innovationAir was pumped out of the glass vessel until the bird collapsed from lack of oxygen, and before it died, air was reintroduced through a mechanism at the topWright depicts the moment before air was reintroduced, one of drama and excitementThe surrounding people have differing responses to the experimentScience holds the potential for wonder, excitement, and discovery about matters of life and death
- Chiswick HouseExample of British neo-palladianismBuilding plan has bilateral symmetryCentral core is octagonal rather than round, and there are only two entrancesRoman temple frontTall, rectangular windows with triangular pediments
- Veduta (“view”): a more naturalistic rendering of famous views and buildings, well-known tourist attractions, and local color in the form of tiny figures of the Venetian people and visiting tourists, often encompassed panoramic views of famous landmarksPiranesi produced a large series of vedute of ancient Roman monuments and ruins
- Monticello (neoclassicism)Italian for “little mountain”Jefferson based his design on the English Palladian style in his first building campaign (1769-82)Embarked on a second building campaign (1796-1809), enlarging the house and redesigning the exterior so that its two stories appeared as one large story, a manner then fashionable in Paris
- US Capitol (neoclassical)A large dome over a temple front, flanked by two wings to accommodate the House of Representatives and the SenateLatrobe added a grand staircase and Corinthian colonnade The dome was gradually enlarged over time
- The Park at Stourhead (neoclassical, romantic)The grounds of Henry Hoare’s estatePicturesque: conception and views intentionally mimic the compositional devices of “pictures” by French landscape painter Claude LorrainDesigned to look natural and unkempt“folly”: miniature version of the Roman Pantheon in the backgroundClassically inspired temples, statues, cottages, bridges
- Strawberry Hill (gothic revival)Remodeling of Walpole’s country house into a gothic castleCrenellations: alternative high and lower sections along the top of a wallInterior redesigned according to Walpole’s interpretation of the British historical past
- Houses of Parliament (gothic revival)After the Westminster Palace burnt down, the British government announced a competition for a new building to be designed in the English Perpendicular Gothic style, to harmonize with Westminster Abbey.Two rules of Gothic architecture: there should be no features about a building which are not necessary for convenience, construction, or propriety; all ornament should consist of the essential structure of the building
- Trinity Church (gothic revival)Quotes the early 14th century British gothic styleStained glass windows above the altar were among the earliest of their kind in the USAlmost every detail is rendered with historical accuracy except the vaults are plaster, not masonry
- “Parnassus” (neoclassicism)Scene taken from classical mythologyMount Parnassus was where Apollo (god of music, poetry, and the arts) and the 9 muses residedApollo stands in the center, holding a lyre and olive branch to represent artistic accomplishmentAround him are the muses and their mother, Mnemosyne (memory)Figures arranged in a symmetrical, pyramidal pattern parallel to the picture plane
- AntonioCanovaLeading neoclassical sculptor in the late 18th and early 19th centuriesSpecialized in grand public sculptures for Europe’s leaders and erotic mythological subjects for private collections“Pauline Borghese as Venus” (neoclassicism)Erotic mythological subject, commissioned by Emperor Napoleon of FranceDepicts Napoleon’s sister, who wished to be portrayed as VenusThe apple she holds suggests that she was the fairest of the three major goddessesWhite marble evokes the sensuality of Hellenistic sculpture