10. Rescue attempts by the Katipunan
● Katipunan - a secret revolutionary society
founded by Andres Bonifacio
● Dr. Pio Valenzuela - secret emissary
of Katipunan to Dapitan
11. Last trip to Spain
● August 6 1896, Rizal was onboard the steamer ship Espana with his wife, 5 family
members and 6 Dapitan students
● Rizal was transferred to another cruise ship while his companions were released. For
26 days (Aug. 6 to Sept. 2 1896) Rizal stayed on board the Castilla
● Aug. 29 - Katipunan plot in arms against Spain was discovered by Father Mariano Gil
(Augustinian parish priest of Tondo)
● Katipuneros led by Emilio Jacinto tried to rescue Rizal however he refused their rescue
offer. This series of events led to the first wave of the Philippine revolution known as
“The Cry of Balintawak”
12. Last trip to Spain
● August 30 -he received a letter from Governor Blanco wishing him
“happiness” and two additional letter of recommendation for the Ministry of
of War (General MArcelo de Azcarraga, Philippine born Spaniards) and the
Ministry of colonies.
● September 3, 1896 - He left Spain on board the steamer Isla de Panay.
● September 7 - Steamer reached Singapore, a British Colony
● September 30 – Rizal was placed under arrest by Captain Alemany and was
treated as a prisoner on board
13. Unsuccessful Rescue in Singapore
● Don Pedro Roxas and other Filipino friends in Singapore tried to
persuade him to escape from the clutches of Spain however he refused
again.
● Mr. Fort - English Lawyer
○ Was ordered by Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto Lopez to
work on Rizal’s release upon hearing about the arrest
○ The crux of Mr. Fort’s legal contention was Rizal was “illegally
detained” on the Spanish steamer.
14. In Barcelona
● When the Steamer arrived in Barcelona, Spain on October
3, 1896, Rizal remained there for 3 days and was transferred
to Montjuich Castle on October 6, 1896.
15. Back to Manila
● November 3 - The steamer Colon arrived in Manila and
Rizal was immediately transferred to Fort Santiago
● He was imprisoned there until his execution 57 days later
16. Tortured
● Deodato Arellano
● Domingo Franco
● Dr. Pio Valenzuela
● Timoteo Paez
● Moises Salvador
● PAciano
● Jose Dizon
18. Recommendations
● The accused be brought to trial
● He should be kept in prison
● An order of attachment be issued against his properties to the
amount of 1M pesos as indemnity
● He should be defended in court by an army officer, not by civilian
lawyer
20. Rizal chooses his defender
● Don Luis Taviel de Andrade - 1st Lieutenant of the artillery served is
his defender in court
- Brother of Jose (Rizal “bodyguard”
in Calamba 1887)
21. Changes Read to Rizal
● December 11 - to the question asked Rizal replied:
○ He did not question the jurisdiction of the court
○ He had nothing to amend, except that since his deportation to Dapitan in 1892 he had not engaged in politics
○ He did not admit the charges preferred against him
○ He did not admit the declaration of the witnesses against him
● December 13 - the case against Rizal was referred to Governor Camilo C. De Polavieja, who had just
replaced Governor Blanco.
22. Rizal manifesto to his People
● December 15 - he wrote a manifesto to his people appealing to them to stop the
unnecessary shedding of blood and to achieve their liberties by means to education and
industry.
● It was written in his prison cell at Fort Santiago
● Judge Advocate Nicolas de la Pena recommended to Governor Polavieja that the
manifesto be suppressed. Accordingly its publication was prohibited.
23. Rizal’s Saddest Christmas
● December 26, 1896 - He who was accustomed to spend this merry season in
the company of his beloved family of dear friends found himself alone and
depressed in a dreary cell
24. Rizal was accused of three crimes
1. Rebellion
2. Sedition
3. Illegal association
- In his preliminary defense, he further proved his innocence by twelve points.
25. ● December 26, 1896(8:00am) - The court martial of Rizal started in the military
building called cuartel de Espana.
● The military court, in spite of Rizal’s additional defenses, remained indifferent.
● Lt. Co. Arjona closed the trial and ordered the cleaning of the court hall.
● After a short delibiration, the seven members of the military court voted
unanimously for the death of Rizal on the same day
26. 7 members of military courts
● Lt. Col. Jose Togones Arjona (Pres)
● Capt. Ricardo Munos Arias
● Capt. Manuel Reguera
● Capt. Santiago Izquierdo
● Capt. Braulio Rodriguez Nunez
● Capt. Manuel Diaz Escribano
● Capt. Fernando Perez Rodriguez
27. Polevieja Signs Rizal’s Execution
● December 28 - Governor Polavieja approved the decision of the court martial
and ordered the execution of Rizal on December 30th at Bagumbayan
Field(Luneta)
29. Rizal’s Last Hour
6:00-7:00am
● Capt. Raphael Dominguez reads before Rizal his death sentence 7:00-
8:00am
● Rizal is tranferred to his death cell if Fort Santiago
● Fr. Saderra talks briefly with Rizal.
● Fr. Visa Presents statue of the Sacred heart of Jesus and Medal rejects the letter, saying, “Im little of a marian,
Father”
● Rizal persisted in his errors contrary to the Catholic Faith. However, at the last hour, Rizal abjured, in writing, his
religious errors”. In ither words, Rizal, a Mason, was said to have recanted his statements against the Chirch and o
have returned to the Catholic faith. (The controversy over Rizal’s retraction has not been settled)
30. 8:00-9:00am
● Rizal is shared his milk and coffee with Fr. Rosell
● Lt. Andrade and chief of Artillery come to visit Rizal who thanks each of them.
● Rizal scribbles a note inviting his family it visit him.
9:00-10:00am
● Sr. Mataix, defying stringent regulation, enters death cell and interviews Rizal in the precense of Fr,
Rosell. Kater, Gov. Luengo drops in to join the conversation.
10:00-11:00am
● Fr. Faura persuades Rizal to put down his rancours and order to marry josephine canonically. A heated
discussion on religion occurs between them on the hearing of Fr. Rosell
31. 11:00-12:00noon
● Rizal talks on ‘various topics” in a long conversation with Fr. Vilaclara who will later conclude (with Fr.
Balaguer, who is not allowed to enter the death cell) that Rizal is allowed to enter the death cell) that
Rizal is either to Protestant or Rationalist who speaks in “a very cold and calculated manner” with a
mixture of an “strange piety”. No debate or discussion on religion is recorded to have taken p;ace
between the Fathers mentioned and Rizal.
12:00-1:00pm
● Rizal reads Bible and imitation of Christ Kempis, then meditated.
● Fr. Balaguer reports to the Archbishop that only a little hope was heard saying that he is going to
appear tranquility before God.
2:00-3:00pm
● Rizal confers with Fr. March and Fr. Vilaclara
32. 3:00-4:00pm
● Rizal reads verses which he had underlined in Eggers german Reader, a book which he is going to hand
over to his sisters to be sent to Dr. Blumentritt through F. Stahl.
● He “writes several letters…, with his last dedicatitions”, then he “rest for a short”.
4:00-5:30pm
● Capt. Domingues is moved with compassion at the sight of Rizal’s kneeling before his mother and
asking pardon.
● Fr. Rosell hears Rizal’s farewell to his sister and his address to those presents eulogizing the cleverness
of his nephew. The other and to each Rizal’s gives promises to gives promises to give a book, an
alcohol burner, his pair of shoes, an instruction, something to remember.
5:30-6:00pm
● The Dean of the Cathedral, admitted on account of his dignity, comes to exchange views with rizal. Fr.
Rosell hears an order given to certain “gentlemen” and “two friars” to leave the chapel at once. Fr.
Balaguer leaves Fort Santiago.
33. 6:00-7:00pm
● Fr. Rosell leaves Fort Santiago and sees Josephine Bracken.
● Rizal calls for Josephine and then they speak to each for the last time.
7:00-8:00pm
● Fr. Faura returns to console rizal and persuades him once more to trust him and the other professors at
the ateneo. Rizal is emotion-filled and, after remaining some moments in silence, confesses to Fr. Faura
10:00-11:00pm
● Rizal manifests strange reaction, asks guards for paper and pen. From rough drafts and copies of his
poem recovered in his shoes, the Spaniards come to know is writing a poem.
11:00-1200MN
● Rizal takes time to his hide his poem inside the alcohol burner. It has to be done during night rather
than during daytime because he is watched very carefully. He then writes his last letter to brother
paciano.
34. 12:00-4:00am
● Rizal sleeps restfully because his confidence in the goodness of God and the justness of his cause gives
him astounding serenity and unusual calmness.
Dec. 30, 1986. 4:00-5:00am
● Rizal picks up imitation of Christ, reads, meditates and then writes in Kempis’ book a dictation to his
wife Josephine and by i this very act in itself he gives to her their only certificate if marriage.
5:00-6:15am
● Writes a letter to his parents. Reads Bible and meditates. Josephine is prohibited by the Spanish
officers from seeing Rizal.
35. 6:15-7:00am
● Rizal walks to the place of execution between Fr’ March and Fr. Vilaclara with whom he converses.
Kepps looking around as if seeking or expecting to see someone.
● The spanish Army Surgeon General requested to take his puls: it was normal Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo,
who took Rizal’s vital signs and pulse rate before execution, was to find the national hero was calm and
unafraid.
● Squad of Filipino soldiers of the Spanish Army were the executioners but a backup force of regular
spanish army troops stood ready to shoot the executioners should they to obey orders
● Holding a rosary in his right hand, rizal was tied at the elbows as his group walked behind four advance
guards armed with bayonets.
7:00-7:03am
● Sounds of guns. Rizal vacillates, turns halfways around, falls down backwards and lies on the ground
facing the sun. His last word, said in a loud voice: “It is finished”. Silence. Shouts of vivas for Spain.
36. The Burial
He was secretly buried in Paco Cemetery in Manila with no identification on his grave. His sister Narcisa
toured all possible gravesites and found freshly turned earth at the cemetery with guards posted at the gate,
Assuming this could be the most likely spot, there never having any ground burials, she made a gift to the
caretaker to mark the site “RPJ”, Rizal’s initials in reverse.
Exhumation if his remains in August 1898, under American rule, revealed he had been uncoffined, his burial
not on sanctified ground granted the ‘confessed’ faithfull, and whatever was in his shoes had disintegrated.
And now buried in Rizal Monument in Manila
