1. The document discusses smart solutions for advanced sewage sludge treatment using the Ostara Process to recover phosphorus and nitrogen from sewage sludge.
2. The Ostara Process involves installing a Pearl reactor to precipitate struvite from the wastewater treatment process, recovering up to 85% of phosphorus and 25% of nitrogen.
3. Recovering nutrients in this way produces a valuable fertilizer called Crystal Green while reducing operational challenges at the wastewater treatment plant.
Reed bed technology uses shallow beds planted with reeds to treat wastewater through natural processes. There are two main types of reed beds - horizontal flow beds where wastewater flows horizontally through the reed root zone, and vertical flow beds where wastewater is delivered to the top of the bed in batches and drains vertically. Reed beds rely on the reeds and microbial activity in the bed's gravel layers to break down pollutants in wastewater over a detention period of 5-7 days. Factors like temperature, pollutant concentration, and oxygen levels influence the purification process. Reed beds provide a low-cost, sustainable option for treating various types of wastewater with minimal maintenance requirements.
This document discusses wastewater treatment using reed bed systems. Reed bed systems are a type of constructed wetland that uses natural processes to treat wastewater. They employ anaerobic, facultative, and aerobic bacteria that work together in a natural environment to break down waste. Reed bed systems are simple to operate, require little energy, and have low maintenance costs compared to conventional wastewater treatment technologies. They can be customized for different sites and wastewater types. The document provides examples of how reed bed systems work and are applied.
The document discusses various water treatment technologies. It describes the goals of water treatment as removing turbidity, chemicals, and pathogens from water sources in an affordable and timely manner. It then outlines different water sources and uses. The document details various impurities found in water and methods to remove them, such as screening, sedimentation, coagulation, filtration and sterilization. It also discusses specific technologies for treating boiler feed water and softening hard water, including internal and external treatment methods.
Dewatering is the artificial removal of groundwater or surface water to allow for construction. It plays a vital role in excavation by controlling hydrostatic pressure and soil stability. There are three main dewatering methods: active dewatering uses pumping, interception prevents water from reaching the excavation, and isolation excludes water via cut-off walls. Proper method selection depends on soil type and desired drawdown. Without control, dewatering can cause ground subsidence, flooding, or structural collapse due to increased soil loading.
1. The document discusses smart solutions for advanced sewage sludge treatment using the Ostara Process to recover phosphorus and nitrogen from sewage sludge.
2. The Ostara Process involves installing a Pearl reactor to precipitate struvite from the wastewater treatment process, recovering up to 85% of phosphorus and 25% of nitrogen.
3. Recovering nutrients in this way produces a valuable fertilizer called Crystal Green while reducing operational challenges at the wastewater treatment plant.
Reed bed technology uses shallow beds planted with reeds to treat wastewater through natural processes. There are two main types of reed beds - horizontal flow beds where wastewater flows horizontally through the reed root zone, and vertical flow beds where wastewater is delivered to the top of the bed in batches and drains vertically. Reed beds rely on the reeds and microbial activity in the bed's gravel layers to break down pollutants in wastewater over a detention period of 5-7 days. Factors like temperature, pollutant concentration, and oxygen levels influence the purification process. Reed beds provide a low-cost, sustainable option for treating various types of wastewater with minimal maintenance requirements.
This document discusses wastewater treatment using reed bed systems. Reed bed systems are a type of constructed wetland that uses natural processes to treat wastewater. They employ anaerobic, facultative, and aerobic bacteria that work together in a natural environment to break down waste. Reed bed systems are simple to operate, require little energy, and have low maintenance costs compared to conventional wastewater treatment technologies. They can be customized for different sites and wastewater types. The document provides examples of how reed bed systems work and are applied.
The document discusses various water treatment technologies. It describes the goals of water treatment as removing turbidity, chemicals, and pathogens from water sources in an affordable and timely manner. It then outlines different water sources and uses. The document details various impurities found in water and methods to remove them, such as screening, sedimentation, coagulation, filtration and sterilization. It also discusses specific technologies for treating boiler feed water and softening hard water, including internal and external treatment methods.
Dewatering is the artificial removal of groundwater or surface water to allow for construction. It plays a vital role in excavation by controlling hydrostatic pressure and soil stability. There are three main dewatering methods: active dewatering uses pumping, interception prevents water from reaching the excavation, and isolation excludes water via cut-off walls. Proper method selection depends on soil type and desired drawdown. Without control, dewatering can cause ground subsidence, flooding, or structural collapse due to increased soil loading.
This document discusses various methods for water softening, including internal treatment methods using chemicals added to boiler water, and external treatment methods like lime soda process, zeolite process, and ion exchange process. It focuses on explaining the zeolite process, which involves exchanging hardness ions in water like Ca2+ and Mg2+ with Na+ ions in zeolite minerals. The process produces softened water with about 10 ppm hardness and has advantages like requiring less time and a compact equipment setup. Disadvantages include zeolite beds being damaged by acids or turbid water.
Lecture notes of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
The presentation discussed various methods of dewatering on construction sites, including sump pumping, wellpoint systems, ejector wells, ground freezing, and deep wells. It described the purpose of dewatering, factors that influence selection of methods, and advantages and limitations of each approach. The methods vary in their suitability based on soil type, required depth of drawdown, and other site-specific factors. Proper dewatering is important for construction efficiency and stability.
This SlideShare was authored by Dr. Ananth Seshadri Kodavasal who has more than 30 years of experience as an environmental Engineer and is a looked upon as a foremost authority on Sewage Treatment Plants.
It was presented during Water Workshop conducted by ApartmentADDA on 25-Feb-2012. It explains the below topics
• Wastewater Pollutants/Impact
• Physical, Chemical, Biological Unit Operations
• Types & Effects of Pollution
• Biological Treatment Variants
• Pros and Cons
At last the SlideShare details on the Important Acts and rules related to Environmental Protection.
Check the link below for details
http://apartmentadda.com/blog/water-workshop-for-apartments-report/
Global Sewage Treatment Plant Market: Trends, Opportunities and Forecasts (20...Azoth Analytics
The document is a market research report on the global sewage treatment market from 2016 to 2021. It provides an overview of the market size and growth trends by type of treatment, end user, and region. The report analyzes market trends for sludge digestion, dewatering, drying, and disposal. It also examines the market in key geographic regions including North America, South America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Middle East/Africa. The competitive landscape and profiles of major players in the sewage treatment industry are also included.
Wetland Treatment Systems and Cold WeatherNeil McCarthy
This document discusses the performance of reed bed or wetland treatment systems in cold climates and freezing winter conditions. It explains that treatment is driven by bacterial activity, not plant growth, and that wetland systems can operate year-round in cold climates if designed properly. Specifically, the key points are:
1) Treatment wetlands have been successfully used around the world, including in areas where temperatures remain below freezing for extended periods.
2) Maintaining a stable environment for bacterial growth and accommodating slower bacterial removal rates are important for performance in winter.
3) Insulation methods like ice/snow blankets, reed litter, mulch or peat can maintain water temperatures above freezing even when air
Buffalo Airport in New York needed a way to treat runoff contaminated with glycol from de-icing activities. This runoff was previously sent to a municipal treatment plant at high annual cost. The airport investigated onsite treatment options and chose aerated wetland treatment using four vertical flow reed beds. A treatability study guided the design to maximize treatment of the cold, dilute glycol runoff. The system handles 4,500 cubic meters per day of runoff with over 13,000 kg per day of biochemical oxygen demand, providing a low-maintenance solution.
British Airportss Authority BAA Mayfield Aerated Subsurface Horizontal Airpor...Neil McCarthy
The document discusses upgrades to a wastewater treatment system at Mayfield Farm Treatment Works which treats contaminated runoff from Heathrow Airport. The original system was unable to treat current volumes and meet compliance. ARM conducted a trial comparing the existing reed beds to a redesigned system with forced bed aeration. The results showed increasing oxygen transfer in the beds was needed. ARM then retrofitted the existing beds with forced bed aeration, improving oxygen transfer rates. This upgraded the system's capacity and ability to effectively treat the contaminated runoff.
The Eden Valley Mineral Water Company treats and bottles spring water, generating industrial and domestic wastewater. Their existing treatment system was struggling with increasing flows and loads. They requested upgrades to handle potential production increases. ARM converted the horizontal subsurface reed bed to a vertical aerated system. This improved hydraulic capacity and increased treatment ability to allow for future load increases while maintaining discharge standards.
The Staffordshire Wildlife Trust needed to upgrade the wastewater treatment system at their Visitor Centre in Wolseley Bridge as visitor numbers had increased over time. The initial reed bed system was converted to an aerated vertical downflow system using Forced Bed Aeration technology in 2012 to treat higher wastewater loads. This aerated reed bed system provides the flexibility to adapt to varying loads throughout the year and meets discharge consent requirements by treating wastewater flows up to 7 cubic meters per day before releasing it into the nearby Stafford Brook.
The Raymond Priestley Centre needed to upgrade its wastewater treatment system to handle increasing user numbers. The existing septic tank and soakaway system lacked capacity. The new system uses an aerated vertical downflow reed bed installed between the septic tank and soakaway. This provides the flexibility to treat varying wastewater loads from seasonal changes in user numbers, while requiring minimal maintenance and blending aesthetically with the natural site surroundings.
The former Casper, Wyoming oil refinery contaminated the surrounding soil and groundwater with 114,000 cubic meters of hydrocarbons over 80 years of operation. BP and the city agreed to redevelop the site into a golf course and office park, but needed to treat up to 11,350 cubic meters per day of contaminated groundwater. BP installed a large constructed wetland system integrated into the golf course that uses aeration and subsurface flow to biologically degrade the hydrocarbons over 100 years at a savings of $15.7 million compared to mechanical treatment. The innovative system has transformed the brownfield site into a green space and community asset.
The document summarizes an upgrade to a wastewater treatment system at Heathrow Airport. The original system treated contaminated runoff but was unable to handle current volumes. ARM conducted a trial comparing the existing reed beds to a redesigned system with forced bed aeration. The results showed limited oxygen transfer was limiting performance. ARM then reengineered the system and retrofitted forced bed aeration into the existing reed beds. The upgraded system increased treatment capacity and flexibility while minimizing life cycle costs for the airport.
Forced Bed Aeration (FBA) is a new wastewater treatment technology that enhances constructed wetland treatment performance by blowing air through the wetland system. It can increase treatment capacity by up to 15 times and treat wastewaters high in contaminants more effectively. FBA systems can completely nitrify wastewater using aerobic and anoxic zones, while taking up less space than conventional reed beds. They also have reduced clogging rates and can treat fluctuating loads more effectively.
ARM Group Ltd offers an Asset Assessment and Support Package to help water companies optimize and enhance remote reed bed treatment systems. The package includes assessing the condition of reed bed assets, monitoring performance, and providing recommendations to ensure the systems function for many years without need for full refurbishment. By taking a proactive approach to maintenance through this package, water companies can cut operational and capital costs upwards of 50% compared to reactive maintenance approaches. The package consists of an initial asset assessment and development of a long-term support service to plan expenditures and ensure treatment works perform at full capability.
ARM Group Ltd is a UK-based privately owned company that specializes in the design and construction of natural wastewater treatment systems using reed bed and wetland technologies (paragraph 1). It has been operating since 1947, originally in agricultural engineering, but shifted in the late 1980s to focus on wastewater treatment using reed beds (paragraph 2). It currently operates out of an office in Staffordshire, England with 21 employees, and utilizes subcontractors as needed (paragraph 3).
This document discusses various methods for water softening, including internal treatment methods using chemicals added to boiler water, and external treatment methods like lime soda process, zeolite process, and ion exchange process. It focuses on explaining the zeolite process, which involves exchanging hardness ions in water like Ca2+ and Mg2+ with Na+ ions in zeolite minerals. The process produces softened water with about 10 ppm hardness and has advantages like requiring less time and a compact equipment setup. Disadvantages include zeolite beds being damaged by acids or turbid water.
Lecture notes of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
The presentation discussed various methods of dewatering on construction sites, including sump pumping, wellpoint systems, ejector wells, ground freezing, and deep wells. It described the purpose of dewatering, factors that influence selection of methods, and advantages and limitations of each approach. The methods vary in their suitability based on soil type, required depth of drawdown, and other site-specific factors. Proper dewatering is important for construction efficiency and stability.
This SlideShare was authored by Dr. Ananth Seshadri Kodavasal who has more than 30 years of experience as an environmental Engineer and is a looked upon as a foremost authority on Sewage Treatment Plants.
It was presented during Water Workshop conducted by ApartmentADDA on 25-Feb-2012. It explains the below topics
• Wastewater Pollutants/Impact
• Physical, Chemical, Biological Unit Operations
• Types & Effects of Pollution
• Biological Treatment Variants
• Pros and Cons
At last the SlideShare details on the Important Acts and rules related to Environmental Protection.
Check the link below for details
http://apartmentadda.com/blog/water-workshop-for-apartments-report/
Global Sewage Treatment Plant Market: Trends, Opportunities and Forecasts (20...Azoth Analytics
The document is a market research report on the global sewage treatment market from 2016 to 2021. It provides an overview of the market size and growth trends by type of treatment, end user, and region. The report analyzes market trends for sludge digestion, dewatering, drying, and disposal. It also examines the market in key geographic regions including North America, South America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Middle East/Africa. The competitive landscape and profiles of major players in the sewage treatment industry are also included.
Wetland Treatment Systems and Cold WeatherNeil McCarthy
This document discusses the performance of reed bed or wetland treatment systems in cold climates and freezing winter conditions. It explains that treatment is driven by bacterial activity, not plant growth, and that wetland systems can operate year-round in cold climates if designed properly. Specifically, the key points are:
1) Treatment wetlands have been successfully used around the world, including in areas where temperatures remain below freezing for extended periods.
2) Maintaining a stable environment for bacterial growth and accommodating slower bacterial removal rates are important for performance in winter.
3) Insulation methods like ice/snow blankets, reed litter, mulch or peat can maintain water temperatures above freezing even when air
Buffalo Airport in New York needed a way to treat runoff contaminated with glycol from de-icing activities. This runoff was previously sent to a municipal treatment plant at high annual cost. The airport investigated onsite treatment options and chose aerated wetland treatment using four vertical flow reed beds. A treatability study guided the design to maximize treatment of the cold, dilute glycol runoff. The system handles 4,500 cubic meters per day of runoff with over 13,000 kg per day of biochemical oxygen demand, providing a low-maintenance solution.
British Airportss Authority BAA Mayfield Aerated Subsurface Horizontal Airpor...Neil McCarthy
The document discusses upgrades to a wastewater treatment system at Mayfield Farm Treatment Works which treats contaminated runoff from Heathrow Airport. The original system was unable to treat current volumes and meet compliance. ARM conducted a trial comparing the existing reed beds to a redesigned system with forced bed aeration. The results showed increasing oxygen transfer in the beds was needed. ARM then retrofitted the existing beds with forced bed aeration, improving oxygen transfer rates. This upgraded the system's capacity and ability to effectively treat the contaminated runoff.
The Eden Valley Mineral Water Company treats and bottles spring water, generating industrial and domestic wastewater. Their existing treatment system was struggling with increasing flows and loads. They requested upgrades to handle potential production increases. ARM converted the horizontal subsurface reed bed to a vertical aerated system. This improved hydraulic capacity and increased treatment ability to allow for future load increases while maintaining discharge standards.
The Staffordshire Wildlife Trust needed to upgrade the wastewater treatment system at their Visitor Centre in Wolseley Bridge as visitor numbers had increased over time. The initial reed bed system was converted to an aerated vertical downflow system using Forced Bed Aeration technology in 2012 to treat higher wastewater loads. This aerated reed bed system provides the flexibility to adapt to varying loads throughout the year and meets discharge consent requirements by treating wastewater flows up to 7 cubic meters per day before releasing it into the nearby Stafford Brook.
The Raymond Priestley Centre needed to upgrade its wastewater treatment system to handle increasing user numbers. The existing septic tank and soakaway system lacked capacity. The new system uses an aerated vertical downflow reed bed installed between the septic tank and soakaway. This provides the flexibility to treat varying wastewater loads from seasonal changes in user numbers, while requiring minimal maintenance and blending aesthetically with the natural site surroundings.
The former Casper, Wyoming oil refinery contaminated the surrounding soil and groundwater with 114,000 cubic meters of hydrocarbons over 80 years of operation. BP and the city agreed to redevelop the site into a golf course and office park, but needed to treat up to 11,350 cubic meters per day of contaminated groundwater. BP installed a large constructed wetland system integrated into the golf course that uses aeration and subsurface flow to biologically degrade the hydrocarbons over 100 years at a savings of $15.7 million compared to mechanical treatment. The innovative system has transformed the brownfield site into a green space and community asset.
The document summarizes an upgrade to a wastewater treatment system at Heathrow Airport. The original system treated contaminated runoff but was unable to handle current volumes. ARM conducted a trial comparing the existing reed beds to a redesigned system with forced bed aeration. The results showed limited oxygen transfer was limiting performance. ARM then reengineered the system and retrofitted forced bed aeration into the existing reed beds. The upgraded system increased treatment capacity and flexibility while minimizing life cycle costs for the airport.
Forced Bed Aeration (FBA) is a new wastewater treatment technology that enhances constructed wetland treatment performance by blowing air through the wetland system. It can increase treatment capacity by up to 15 times and treat wastewaters high in contaminants more effectively. FBA systems can completely nitrify wastewater using aerobic and anoxic zones, while taking up less space than conventional reed beds. They also have reduced clogging rates and can treat fluctuating loads more effectively.
ARM Group Ltd offers an Asset Assessment and Support Package to help water companies optimize and enhance remote reed bed treatment systems. The package includes assessing the condition of reed bed assets, monitoring performance, and providing recommendations to ensure the systems function for many years without need for full refurbishment. By taking a proactive approach to maintenance through this package, water companies can cut operational and capital costs upwards of 50% compared to reactive maintenance approaches. The package consists of an initial asset assessment and development of a long-term support service to plan expenditures and ensure treatment works perform at full capability.
ARM Group Ltd is a UK-based privately owned company that specializes in the design and construction of natural wastewater treatment systems using reed bed and wetland technologies (paragraph 1). It has been operating since 1947, originally in agricultural engineering, but shifted in the late 1980s to focus on wastewater treatment using reed beds (paragraph 2). It currently operates out of an office in Staffordshire, England with 21 employees, and utilizes subcontractors as needed (paragraph 3).
1. Phragmifiltre®
: Full sewage
treatment by reed beds
Phragmifiltre® exemplifies
the rapid evolution of reed
bed technology over the
past 20 years, from the
initial tertiary treatment
application to the full
treatment of sewage
wastewater.
naturalwastewatertreatment
France through Epur Nature and SINT
since the 1990’s. To date there are over
800 Phragmifiltre® systems treating raw
sewage from 20 to 5,000 PE (Population
Equivalents). The systems are typically
designed to have two stages. The first
stage filters out and dewaters the solids
in the raw wastewater on the surface of
the bed. The filtrate passes down through
the reed bed which acts as a typical batch
flow vertical flow reed bed reducing BOD
primarily but also undertaking nitrification
F
rom their first application as a tertiary
treatment, ‘final polish’, solution
through secondary treatment,
and nitrification, reed bed wastewater
treatment systems are now widely being
used for the full treatment of sewage all
over the globe through the application of
the Phragmifiltre® system.
The Phragmifiltre® system comprises
vertical flow constructed wetlands (reed
beds) for the full treatment of sewage
and has been successfully operating in
www.armgroupltd.co.uk t. +44 (0) 1889 583811
2. naturalwastewatertreatment
www.armgroupltd.co.uk t. +44 (0) 1889 583811
of ammonia. The
second stage
vertical flow beds
provide additional
BOD reduction
and completes
nitrification of
ammonia prior
to discharge.
Wastewater, is fed to
each bed in rotation thereby allowing all
the beds to have a rest period. The use,
where possible, of siphon technology
for dosing both stages minimises, or
even eliminates, power requirements.
In the past the UK sewage treatment
industry has tended to use constructed
wetlands at the back end of the works as
a sticking plaster solution for upstream
process deterioration. The recent
adoption of Phragmifiltre® by a major
UK Water Company signifies a major
step change in thinking and indicates
recognition of the TOTEX benefits.
Conventional sewage treatment works
(STW) generate sludges which have
to be taken from small rural works to
larger STW for treatment. Phragmifiltre®
stores and composts sludge on site
and therefore no tanker costs (opex)
and no roadways (capex) are required.
Phragmifiltre® also provides wildlife
habitats that conventional STW do not.
Conventional STW are hazardous areas
and can be vulnerable to vandalism,
they need security fencing around the
whole site (capex). Phragmifiltre® only
requires security fencing around a few
chambers for safety. Conventional STW
require weekly operator visits, compared
to Phragmifiltre® which requires monthly
visits (opex). Phragmifiltre® constructed
wetlands are an ideal replacement for
aging STW and an environmentally
attractive, low totex option for new
developments.
There is potential for this technology to
be aligned with other intensive reed bed
treatment technologies such as Forced
Bed AerationTM to enhance treatment
capabilities further if required. The
summary benefits of Phragmifiltre® are:
• Full primary, secondary and tertiary
sewage treatment by reed beds.
• Proven robustness with high tolerance of
temporary hydraulic overloading.
• Low to zero energy consumption
• Integrated sludge treatment, therefore
no tankering and associated access
features required.
• Simple operation
• Low cost operation
• Excellent integration into the landscape
and no nuisance such as odours or noise.
ARM Ltd in association with Epur
Nature and SINT in France are proud to
be bringing this technology to the UK
and happy to supply further information
on request.
Inlet concentration
(mg/L)
Outlet
concentration (mg/L)
Removal efficiencies
(%)
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
COD 651 282 50 29 92 7
BOD5 291 140 8 9 97 3
SS 242 133 8 6 97 3
TKN 56 34 7 12 90 12
TP 7 4 6 3 32 25
Typical treatment performance data from 70 plants