The presentation starts with raw Selenium code for a basic scenario, discusses the challenges, and how to do better with Arjuna. Useful Arjuna-neutral framework building tips are shared across the slides.

1. Arjuna: a Modern Test
Automation Framework
Rahul Verma
Head of test automation, Trendig
Founder, Test Mile
23. May. 2020

2. Introduction
• Arjuna, is an open source, Apache Licensed test automation engine to aid in
development of bespoke frameworks. It is developed by Rahul Verma and is
available on PyPi (https://pypi.org/project/arjuna/ ) and
GitHub (https://github.com/rahul-verma/arjuna ).
• Well documented: https://arjuna-taf.readthedocs.io
• Current development focus is on Web Test Automation .
• Framework is extensible to accommodate test automation of other kinds.

3. This is NOT necessarily an Arjuna presentation.
This is about some aspects of Arjuna with respect to Web UI Automation.
You may not be interested in Arjuna.
In such a case, focus on the problem statements,
rather than how I solved them with Arjuna.
Framework Tip:
These boxes contain
Arjuna-neutral tips.

4. Today’s Case
The Case of Web UI Automation with Selenium

5. Why Do We Need a Framework? Shouldn’t We Directly Use Selenium WebDriver
Consider the following raw Selenium code in Python:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
user_name = "YOUR EMAILID"
password = "YOUR PASSWORD"
svc = Service("/path/to/driver")
svc.start()
driver = webdriver.Remote(svc.svc_url)
driver.get("https://www.app.com")
element = driver.find_element_by_id("email")
element.send_keys(user_name)
element = driver.find_element_by_id("pass")
element.send_keys(password)
element = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[contains(text(), 'sub')]")
element.click()
driver.quit()
Framework Tip:
This nature of code
INDICATES to you that
this code will grow very
large.

6. A Better Raw Selenium Script
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
user_name = "YOUR EMAILID"
password = "YOUR PASSWORD"
waiter = WebDriverWait(driver,30)
svc = Service("/path/to/driver")
svc.start()
driver = webdriver.Remote(svc.svc_url)
driver.get("https://www.app.com")
waiter.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "home_elem")))
element = waiter.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, "email")))
element.send_keys(user_name)
element = waiter.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, "pass")))
element.send_keys(password)
element = waiter.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, "//input[contains(text(),
'sub')]")))
element.click()
waiter.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "dash_elem")))
driver.quit()
Framework Tip:
This nature of
code ESTABLISHES
the need for a
framework.

7. How We Do It In Arjuna
project.yaml
------------
arjuna_options:
guiauto.wait: 30
browser.name: chrome
app.url: “https://abc.com”
user_options:
user.name: something
user.pwd: anything
Framework Tip:
We are Humans
BROWSER_NAME
BrOwSeR_NaMe
browser.name
BrOwSeR.Name
Projects have Needs
Winner of most ignored
feature
Configuration is usually treated by testers as a single config file.

8. How We Do It In Arjuna – Selenium Wrapper
from arjuna import *
app = GuiApp()
app.launch()
app.element(id="home_elem")
app.element(id="email").text = C("user.name")
app.element(id="pass").text = C("user.pwd")
app.element(text="sub").click()
app.element(id="dash_elem")
app.quit()
Framework Tip:
Make contextual wait as
default.

9. How We Do It In Arjuna – Let’s Do Better
App.yaml
Externalize the locators and meta data.
load:
anchor: home
labels:
home:
id: home_elem
email:
id: email
pwd:
id: pass
submit:
text: sub
dash:
id: dash_elem
max_wait: 120
Framework Tip:
Find a way to externalize
locators.
Then make it more than
locator externalization.
Framework Tip:
Develop higher level
locators.
Framework Tip:
Avoid binary formats.

10. How We Do It In Arjuna – Let’s Do Better
from arjuna import *
app = GuiApp(label="App")
app.launch()
app.gns.email.text = C("user.name")
app.gns.pwd.text = C("user.pwd")
app.gns.submit.click()
app.gns.dash
app.quit()
Framework Tip:
If you are a Python Coder
and Planning to
Hack the Dot
Be VERY VERY Careful.

11. How We Do It In Arjuna – Localization
App.yaml
$$ Placeholders can use C/L/R prefixes for Config/Localized/Reference Values
load:
anchor: home
labels:
home:
id: home_elem
email:
id: email
pwd:
id: pass
submit:
text: $L.login.submitText$
dash:
id: dash_elem
max_wait: 120
Framework Tip:
Find a way for auto-
configuring the locators.
Saves a lot of code.

12. How We Do It In Arjuna – Localization
from arjuna import *
app = GuiApp(label="App")
app.launch()
app.gns.email.text = L(”user_name") # Or R(“user_name”) if reference is used
app.gns.pwd.text = L("user_pwd”)
app.gns.submit.click()
app.gns.dash
app.quit()
Framework Tip:
Plan localization if your
application is available in
multiple languages. It’s more
complex than you think in UI
Automation.
Automation Tip:
Minimize text based locators. Text
is what gets localized.

13. How We Do It In Arjuna – Can We Do Better? – App-Page-Section Model
from arjuna import *
app = GuiApp(label="App")
home_page = app.launch()
dash_page = home_page.login_with_default_creds()
app.quit()
Framework Tip:
Basic Page Object Model is not
practical for medium to complex
apps. Support nested pages.

14. How We Do It In Arjuna – Test Functions and Resources
@for_module
def home(request, default=True):
app = GuiApp(label="App")
home_page = app.launch()
yield home_page
app.quit()
@for_test
def dashboard(request, default=True):
dashboard = home.login_with_default_creds()
yield dashboard
request.test.space.current_page.top_nav.logout()
@test
def check_some_use_case_1(request):
pass
@test
def check_some_use_case_2(request):
pass
Framework Tip:
Club setup and teardown/cleanup. Grow
beyond traditional meaning of Test
Fixtures.

15. Some Other Salient Features
• A Comprehensive CLI. An advanced rules engine for test selection.
• Advanced Logging Facilities including Auto-Logging and Contextual Logging. Arjuna adds a TRACE
level for logging, which is absent in Python for very low level logging.
• Very powerful Data Driven Testing features.
• Ability to define any number of data and environment configurations
• HTML Reporting with Screenshot on Failure and Detailed Error Traces.
• JUnit-compatible XML reporting. So, it integrates with any CI plugins for reporting.
• A well defined test project structure for consistency across test projects.
• Provision to define your own locators e.g. you can abstract identification for a mat-icon using a
complex XPath and then re-use this definition elsewhere.
• Direct parsing of DOM nodes rather than browser calls. This makes parsing very fast.
• As of now, no other dependency apart from arjuna. Arjuna manages all dependencies. Just do a `pip
install arjuna` and you are ready.
• Uses Python 3.6+, so is aligned with Python’s future.
• Supports execution of tests in Docker-Selenium. Just point selenium.service.url to the docker’s
service.

16. As you go deeper into professional web test automation
and build something you want to call a framework;
You will realize that direct Selenium code is not more than 5-10% of your code base.
Arjuna is based on this realization. No buzzwords. Professional test code.

17. When You Build a Framework
Don’t Complicate Easy Stuff . (Easier Goal)
Make Difficult, Bespoke Stuff Approachable. (Difficult Goal)

18. Thanks
linkedin.com/in/rahul-verma-india
Twitter: @rahul_Verma