2. Research dissertation presentation
GUIDED BY
Mrs. Suman singh parihar
Principal SINR Rewa
Presented by
Miss archna prajapati
M.Sc. Nsg 2ND year
SAUDAMINI INSTITUTE OF NURSING
&RESEARCH REWA
3. Introduction
“The blood is red gold in the time of saving a life”
In 1492 Pope Innocentius VIII received the first blood transfusion which has been
recorded in history.1 In order to save the life of the dying pope, the blood from three young
shepherd boys was drawn and somehow administered. Whether it was transfused
intravenously or it was drank by the pope is uncertain (as is the validity of this historical event
itself), but the three donors as well as the pope are recorded to have died quickly from the
experiment.
Blood donation must be increased in almost every country of the world so that reliable
supply of safe blood shall be available to dependent patients as per study conducted by WHO
(world health organization) in 2016. Dr. Margaret Chan, WHO Director- general stated that
“Although we must have many differences the same vital blood pumps through all our veins”12
Voluntary blood donation is the greatest gift of life any person can give or get. Globally the
collection of blood donations are around 108 million and most of them or nearly 50% of them
are from prosperous countries.13 It is found that high income countries have nine times higher
blood donation collection in comparison to low-income countries. To evaluate awareness,
knowledge and practice of blood donation between donors, department of transfusion
medicine (Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital at Dhaka, Bangladesh) conducted a study in
2015.
4. NEED FOR THE STUDY
Blood transfusion is a fundamental and a requisite part of any nation’s health
care delivery system for lifesaving interventions. The need for blood and blood products
is increasing globally.18 Evidence showed that about a quarter million maternal deaths
and around 15 % of child mortality in globally are attributed to obstetric bleeding and
anemia, respectively Had there been adequate and safe blood transfusion service such a
significant mortality would have been averted. Globally, around 92 million unit blood
donations are collected annually from all types of blood donors. The lowest levels of
availability are found in low and middle income countries, particularly in Africa. Blood
donation rates in Africa is estimated to be 5/1000 populations compared with developed
countries which is 47/1000 population in USA.
Blood is a vital and life saving fluid which cans neither be manufactured in
factories, nor substituted with blood of any other creature. At the same time, blood
proves to be a good medium for the growth of any organism because of its nutrients and
oxygen, thus gets easily infected. Direct transfusion of large volume of infected blood can
lead to transmission of various diseases like hepatitis, syphilis, malaria and HIV20. A
Patient may be critically ill, whether he lives or dies depends on a unit of blood of the
right type available in the blood bank at right time. India is always facing a shortage of
blood. People have to run from pillar to post for a unit of blood in their own city or
another city where they go for treatment of a loved one. There are times when a patient
dies for want of blood.
5. STATEMENT
“A study to assess the effectiveness of
structured teaching program on knowledge regarding
Blood Donation among adults at selected urban area
of Rewa”
6. OBJECTIVES
1. To assess the pre test knowledge on Blood Donation of among adults
at selected urban area of Rewa.
2. To implement the structured teaching programme on knowledge
regarding Blood Donation among adults at selected urban area of
Rewa.
3. To assess the post test knowledge on blood donation among
adults at selected urban area of Rewa.
4. To compare the pre test and post test on the effectiveness of
structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding
blood
donation among adults at selected urban area of Rewa.
5. To find out the association between pre test and post test on
knowledge regarding blood donation among adults at selected
urban area of Rewa.
7. HYPOTHESIS
H1 – There will be significant difference between pre-
test and post test knowledge score regarding blood
donation among adults at selected urban area of Rewa.
H2 – There will be significant association between
pre-test and post test knowledge regarding blood
donation among adults at selected urban area of the
Rewa.
9. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
“To achieve lasting literature, fictional or factual, a writer
needs perceptive vision absorptive capacity and creative
strength”
Lawerece Clark Powell
Bantayehu Destaw (2015)conducted a study on
knowledge and practice of health care providers and
associated factors towards blood donation. A comparative
cross sectional study design was used and the sample was
selected through stratified simple random sampling,
sample size was 360 (180 in each group). The result showed
that there were significant knowledge and attitude
difference between health science students.
10. Dr Mrigendra Amatya (2013) conducted cross
sectional descriptive study on 177 students of donor-
eligible age from different college of Kathmand to assess
knowledge, attitude and practices of blood donation. Self
structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The
result showed that in comparison to female students male
students donated for moral satisfaction or humanitarian
cause’s .Lack of information about blood collection
facilities and no request to donate were the commonest
cause for not donating. Direct approach with request to
donate would increase the blood donation practices among
girls.
11. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology provides fundamental base of a
research investigation. It provides a detail description of all the
research procedures in the research project.
12. “RESEARCH APPROACH”
“Research Approach in view of the Nature of the Problem Under the Study and to a ccomplish the objectives of the study
“Quantitaive Research appoach was found to be approtriate for the this study’’
“RESEARCH DESIGN”
“Quasi experimental research design with one grupe pretest posttest was selected for this stuidy ”
“VARIABLES”
Three Types of variables identified in this study
DEPENDENT
INDEPENDENT
- DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLE
“INDEPENDENT VARIABLE”
“In this study STP was the independent variable.”.
“DEPENDENT VARIABLE”
“In this study knowledge was the dependent variable
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLE
In this study age,gender,educational status,Employment status,marital status,diet and source
of information are the Demographic variable
13. PILOT STUDY
Permission was taken from the concerned authorities from the selected urban
area of Rewa for obtaining permission to conduct the study. Consent was taken prior
from the adults those were fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The pilot study was conducted
between 06/07/2020 to 15/07/2020 at the selected urban area of Rewa. Six adults were
selected by non probability purposive sampling method and Self Structured Knowledge
questionnaire was given to each adult after pre test structured teaching program was
administered with AV. Aids after five days post test was taken. Result of the data revealed
that the study is feasible.
The purpose of the Pilot Study was as follows:-
Evaluate the Effectiveness of structured teaching program.
Find out the feasibility of conducting the final study.
Determine the methods of statistical analysis.
14. DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE
The formal permission was obtained from selected urban area of the Rewa before data collection. The main
study was conducted between 24/07/2020 to 29/08/2020 the investigator personally visited all respondents, introduced
herself and explained the purpose of the ascertained the willingness of the information provided by them.
Method of Data Collection
The written permission was obtained from the selected urban of Rewa prior to the data collection.
Informed consent, aim, objective and nature of the study were explained to the adults. Confidentiality was assured to
all the Subjects to get their co- operation throughout the process of data collection.
Sample was selected as per the sampling criteria, the 60 sample were in experimental group.
Pre-test
The investigator collected data by using the Self Structured Knowledge questionnaire from each respondent, which
require Knowledge regarding Blood Donation.
Implementation of Structured teaching program
After pre test structured teaching program was administered regarding Blood Donation to those who belong to
experimental group.
Post test
After five days of administration of structured teaching program post test was carried out by the investigator by using
the same Self Structured Knowledge questionnaire.
15. PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS
Data analysis is the systematic organization of research data and
testing of research hypothesis using that data. The data obtained
would be analyzed by both descriptive and inferential statistics,
on the basis of objectives and hypothesis of the study.
Organization of data in master sheet/computer
Frequency and percentage for analysis the demographic data were
planned.
The level of Knowledge among adults of experimental group before
administration structured teaching program of would be analyzed in
the term of frequencies, percentage, mean, mean percentage and
standard deviation. Table, Cylindrical diagram, Pyramidal diagram,
Doughnut Diagram, Cone diagram and Bar diagram were would be
used to depict the analyzed data.
Significant difference between pre-test and post-test level of
Knowledge would be determined by Paired’t’ test.
16. RESULTS
The calculated chi-square value obtained for age and pretest score
10.015 which is lower than the tabulated value at, p value <0.05, which is
statistically non-significant. The calculated chi- square value obtained for
educational status and pre test was 13.015 which is higher than the tabulated
value at, p value >0.05, which is statistically significant. The calculated chi-
square value obtained for marital status is 19.0749 which is higher than the
tabulated value at, p value >0.05, which is statistically highly significant. The
calculated chi-square value obtained for dietary pattern and pretest is 5. 0225
which is lower than the tabulated value at, p value <0.05, which is statistically
non significant. The calculated chi-square value obtained for employment
status is 16.0288 which is higher than the tabulated value at, p value >0.05,
which is statistically highly significant. The calculated chi-square value
obtained for source of information 11.0857 which is lower than the tabulated
value at, p value <0.05, which is statistically non significant.
17. RECOMMENDATIONS
On the bases of the finding of the study it is
recommended that:
A similar study may be replicated on a larger scale .
A longitudinal study can be conducted.
