Applications running in a typical data center are static entities. But applications aren't static in the cloud. Dynamic scaling and resource allocation is the norm on AWS. Technologies such as Amazon EC2, AWS Lambda, and Auto Scaling provide flexibility in building dynamic applications and with this flexibility comes an opportunity to learn how an enterprise application functions optimally. New Relic helps manage these applications without sacrificing simplicity. In this presentation, we discuss changes in monitoring dynamic cloud resources. We'll share best practices we’ve learned working with New Relic customers on managing applications running in this environment to understand and optimize how they are performing. This was presented at AWS re:Invent 2017 by Lee Atchison, Director of Evangelism at New Relic featuring a customer from Scripps Networks.

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UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMIC NATURE OF CLOUD COMPUTING
MONITORING PERFORMANCE OF
ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS ON AWS
Lee Atchison ∙ Senior Director Strategic Architecture at New Relic, Inc. / Las Vegas, NV, 2017

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Does this sound familiar?

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You had power
most of the time.
Why are you
complaining?

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Keeping Your Enterprise Apps Running…
At Scale
Visibility…
… into your app
performance

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… overheard OPs conversation...
Does this sound like something you’ve
heard recently…

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“We were wondering how
changing a setting on our
MySQL database might
impact our performance…
The Conversation…

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The Conversation…
… but we were worried
that the change may
cause our production
database to fail…”
“We were wondering how
changing a setting on our
MySQL database might
impact our performance…

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The “Scary” Overheard Conversation…
“… Since we didn’t want to bring
down production, we decided to
make the change to our backup
(replica) database instead…
Under
Construction

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The “Scary” Overheard Conversation…
… After all, it wasn’t
being used for anything
at the moment.”
Under
Construction
“… Since we didn’t want to bring
down production, we decided to
make the change to our backup
(replica) database instead…

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The “Scary” Overheard Conversation…
Under
Construction
X
Until, of course, the backup was needed…

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The “Scary” Overheard Conversation…
This was a true story
Under
Construction
!!!!
X
X
Until, of course, the backup was needed…

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Availability can be more subtle, for example…

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300ms
1.5s

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.9s

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19. © 2017, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
The Data from Monitoring Your App
Dwarfs the Data Inside the App

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User Experience
Business Outcome
Servers
Apps
Big Data Problem

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High
Expectations
Blame
Game
Intensity
Rises
The problem
must be
someone
else’s fault
Without Visibility - Panic

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What Happened?
You can’t know what happened if you
can’t visualize what your app is doing.

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Enterprise Applications
Need Data at Every Level
Typical Server / Amazon EC2 Instance
• Application & Application Microservices
• Server OS
• Hardware (virtual)
Amazon EC2 Instance
BrowserMobile
Server (Virtual)
Hardware
Server OS
Application &
Application
Microservices

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Amazon EC2 Instance
BrowserMobile
Server (Virtual)
Hardware
Server OS
Application &
Application
Microservices
Low Level Monitoring
Amazon
CloudWatch
AWS
CONSOLE
Amazon CloudWatch
Monitors
• Amazon EC2 instance
• Virtualization
• Hardware
• [CPU / Disk /
Networking]
Doesn’t know about:
• Server OS
• Memory / Filesystem
• Processes
• Configuration
• Application
–Latency
–Error rates
–App insights

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Amazon EC2 Instance
BrowserMobile
Server (Virtual)
Hardware
Server OS
Application &
Application
Microservices
DASHBOARDS
New Relic
Application
Monitoring
New Relic
Infrastructure
Monitoring
Amazon
CloudWatch
AWS
CONSOLE
Monitors (Server)
• How O.S. is performing
• Configuration Changes
• Processes
• Hardware
Monitors (Application)
• App health
• App performance
• Microservices
Doesn’t know
• Virtualization
Infrastructure / Application Monitoring

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Amazon EC2 Instance
BrowserMobile
Server (Virtual)
Hardware
Server OS
Application &
Application
Microservices
Full Stack Monitoring
New Relic
Application
Monitoring
New Relic
Infrastructure
Monitoring
Amazon
CloudWatch
AWS
CONSOLE
Integrations
New Relic
Monitors
Amazon
CloudWatch
Monitors
DASHBOARDS
AWS / Amazon CloudWatch
• Visibility into virtualization
• CPU / Disk / Networking
• 14 AWS Services
APM
• CPU / Disk / Networking
• Memory / Filesystem
• Processes
• Infrastructure components
• Configuration inventory
• Application / Microservices:
–Latency
–Error rates
–App insights

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Why Measurement Matters

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Visibility…
… into your app
performance
Dynamic
Cloud…
... tools to make
availability happen.
How Do You Keep Your Enterprise
Apps Running?

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Using the Cloud in Enterprise Applications
Better Data Center Dynamic Environment

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Better Data Center
Better Data Center Dynamic Environment

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Cloud as a “Better Data Center”
Resources are
allocated to uses, just
like in a data center
Provisioning
process
is faster
Lifetime of
components is
relatively long
Capacity planning is
still important and
still applies

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Why Use a “Better Data Center”?
Add new
capacity
Capacity where
you need it
Faster Redundant Compliant
Improve application
availability

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Dynamic Cloud
Better Data Center Dynamic Environment

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Cloud as a “Dynamic Tool for Dynamic Apps”
Use only
the resources
you need
Allocate / de-allocate
resources on the fly
Resource allocation is
an integral part of your
application architecture

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Dynamic Cloud
Resources are: Application in charge:
Allocated Application is aware of and is
controlling traditional OPs resources
Consumed De-allocated

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Dynamic Usage Example…
Docker Container Age
(Count vs. Hours)
1 Hour
200 days 833 days

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Dynamic Usage Example…
Docker Container Age
(by Minute and Hour)
1,200,000
11% under one minute
Container age (minutes)

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Dynamic Cloud Technologies
Dynamic Cloud is about scaling and availability
Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling
Mobile / IoT Dynamic routing
Load balancing
Queues and notifications
Docker

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Dynamic Cloud Enables Better
Applications Faster
Traditional
Data Center
Cloud
Data Center
Dynamic
Cloud
Better Best
The way you’ve done things in the past
won’t work in the future.
Good

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Dynamic Cloud
Server running
application / processes
Process running
a command
Function performing
a task or operation
Amazon EC2 Docker AWS Lambda
Things happen faster because of…

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Microcomputing & AWS Lambda
• Highly dynamic
• Incredibly scalable
• No infrastructure to provision
• Massively shared infrastructure

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Dynamic Cloud
Dynamic Cloud
Easier Scaling
Faster Change
Faster Response
Higher Availability

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How Do I Track What the Dynamic Cloud
Is Doing for Me (or to Me)?
Dynamic Cloud Has Unique Monitoring Requirements…

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What is a Dynamic Cloud Application?
Server OS
Server (Virtual)
Hardware
Application &
Application
Microservices
Provisioning
Application &
Application
Microservices
Application &
Application
Microservices
BrowserMobile
Responsible for the parts
you care about
• Application & Application
Microservices
Let Cloud manage rest
• Infrastructure
• Allocation/Provisioning
• Scaling

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Server OS
Server (Virtual)
Hardware
Application &
Application
Microservices
Provisioning
Application &
Application
Microservices
Application &
Application
Microservices
BrowserMobile
Monitoring Dynamic Cloud Applications
AWS
CONSOLE
Amazon
CloudWatch

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Server OS
Server (Virtual)
Hardware
Application &
Application
Microservices
Provisioning
Application &
Application
Microservices
Application &
Application
Microservices
BrowserMobile
AWS InfrastructureApplication Performance
Amazon
CloudWatch
New Relic
Application
Monitoring
New Relic
Infrastructure
Monitoring
DASHBOARDS
Integrations
AWS
CONSOLE

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Server OS
Server (Virtual)
Hardware
Application &
Application
Microservices
Provisioning
Application &
Application
Microservices
Application &
Application
Microservices
BrowserMobile
Amazon
CloudWatch
New Relic
Application
Monitoring
New Relic
Infrastructure
Monitoring
DASHBOARDS
AWS InfrastructureApplication Performance
Amazon
CloudWatch &
AWS Monitors
Integrations
AWS
CONSOLE
New Relic
Monitors

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Server OS
Server (Virtual)
Hardware
Application &
Application
Microservices
Provisioning
Application &
Application
Microservices
Application &
Application
Microservices
BrowserMobile
How Do You Monitor This?
?How do you
monitor this?

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Where Did It Go? It Was Just Here!!
The thing you monitored 10 minutes ago…
... doesn’t exist anymore!?

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Monitoring the Dynamic Cloud
Monitor the Cloud
Components themselves
Monitor the lifecycle of
the Cloud Components
Very different than monitoring traditional Data Center components

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Changing World
Ops
Previous – STATIC World

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Changing World
Dev
Now – DYNAMIC World
Ops
Ops
Previous – STATIC World

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Changing World of Enterprise Applications
Dev
Now – DYNAMIC World
Ops
We know:
• Change is inevitable
We must:
• Embrace and drive change
Enabling:
• Quicker growth
• More reliable growth

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Dynamic
Cloud…
... tools to make
availability happen.
Migration…
... how do I get my
app to the cloud?
Your Enterprise Apps and the Cloud

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High
Expectations
Blame
Game
Intensity
Rises
The problem
must be the
cloud’s fault
Pressure to
Declare Victory
in the Migration
The Politics of Migration
Show me the
new apps!!?
Promised
Performance Gains?
Cost Controls?
Optimize Costs?
Why is it taking so long?
Migration failure…
This problem is easy to avoid...

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Ops
Use the Cloud
Does not have to be painful…
• Move in a controlled way
• Learn as you go
• Measure everything

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Experiment
Cloud Policies
Enable Servers, Enable SaaS
Enable Value-Added Services
Enable Unique Services
Mandate Cloud Usage
Standard steps
most companies
follow
Progressions in Cloud Adoption
… The Controlled Way

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Progressions in Cloud Adoption
Experiment

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Enterprise IT Cloud Adoption StrategyProgressions in
Cloud Adoption
What is this cloud thing?
© 2017, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
Experiment:
• Non-evasive, safe technologies
• Amazon S3
• Perhaps: Amazon CloudFront,
Amazon Simple Queue Services (SQS),
Amazon Simple Email Service (SES)
• Security: Easy as one-offs
• No “Policies” implemented yet
• “Just seeing what this is all about”

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Experiment
Cloud Policies
Progressions in Cloud Adoption

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Enterprise IT Cloud Adoption StrategyProgressions in
Cloud Adoption
Can we trust the cloud?
© 2017, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cloud Policies:
• IAM (Credentials)
• VPC (Secure network)
• AWS Direct Connect
(just another data center)
• Cloud policies begin to be formed
• All parts of the company are
now involved
• Critical evolution point

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Experiment
Cloud Policies
Enable Servers, Enable SaaS
Progressions in Cloud Adoption

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Enterprise IT Cloud Adoption StrategyProgressions in
Cloud Adoption
© 2017, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
Enable Servers, Enable Saas:
• Amazon EC2
–Basic “data center migration”
–Just another server type available
• Multiple AZs/Regions
–Part of multi-datacenter resiliency strategy
• Independently: SaaS usage increases
–Non-critical or internal uses first
The cloud seems to work pretty well…

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Experiment
Cloud Policies
Enable Servers, Enable SaaS
Enable Value-Added Services
Progressions in Cloud Adoption

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Enterprise IT Cloud Adoption StrategyProgressions in
Cloud Adoption
© 2017, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
Enable Value-added Services:
• Managed Databases
– RDS, Aurora
• Other Managed Services
– Elastic Beanstalk, Amazon SES, Amazon SQS, ElasticSearch
Dynamic Cloud becomes a thing…

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Experiment
Cloud Policies
Enable Servers, Enable SaaS
Enable Value-Added Services
Enable Unique Services
Progressions in Cloud Adoption

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Enterprise IT Cloud Adoption StrategyProgressions in
Cloud Adoption
© 2017, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
Enable Unique Services
• High-value, Cloud-specific services
–AWS Lambda, Kinesis
–DynamoDB
–SWF, Elastic Transcode
–Redshift
• Point of commitment…
–… dependent on cloud
Dynamic Cloud is deeply ingrained…

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Experiment
Cloud Policies
Enable Servers, Enable SaaS
Enable Value-Added Services
Enable Unique Services
Mandate Cloud Usage
Progressions in Cloud Adoption

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Enterprise IT Cloud Adoption StrategyProgressions in
Cloud Adoption
© 2017, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
Mandate Cloud Usage Usage
• Cloud as data center replacement
• Company is now “all in” with cloud
Why do we need our own data centers?

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Experiment
Cloud Policies
Enable Servers, Enable SaaS
Enable Value-Added Services
Enable Unique Services
Mandate Cloud Usage
Progressions in Cloud Adoption
Different Companies
Different Speed
Different Needs

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Cloud Adoption Strategies
• Experiment
• Cloud Policies
• Enable Servers, Enable SaaS
• Enable Value-Added Services
• Enable Unique Services
• Mandate Cloud Usage
• Experiment / Peripheral Usage
• Cloud Servers
• Managed Components
• Unique Components
• Application Cloud Committed
Enterprise IT
Cloud Adoption Strategy
Application
Cloud Adoption Strategy

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Application
Adoption
Corporate
Adoption Cloud Adoption
Mandate
Committed
Allow Value-Added
Allow SaaS
Allow Servers
Policies
Experiment
Experiment Servers Managed
Components
Unique
Components
Committed
Critical
Applications
New
Applications
Non-Critical/
Internal
Applications
Step #1
Step #2
Step #4
First Steps
Application
Re-Writes
Step #3

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Experiment Servers Managed
Components
Unique
Components
Committed
First Steps
Critical
Applications
New
Applications
Non-Critical/
Internal
Applications
Step #1
Step #2
Step #4
Application
Re-Writes
Step #3
RDS
Amazon SES
IAM
VPC
Non-Integral
SaaS
Amazon EC2
AWS Lambda
Kinesis
S3
Integral
SaaS
Cloud Adoption
Application
Adoption
Corporate
Adoption
Mandate
Committed
Allow Value-Added
Allow SaaS
Allow Servers
Policies
Experiment

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Adoption Sweet Spot
First Steps
Application
Adoption
Corporate
Adoption
Cloud Adoption
Center of Gravity
Experiment Servers Managed
Components
Unique
Components
Committed
Mandate
Committed
Allow Value-Added
Allow SaaS
Allow Servers
Policies
Experiment

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Integral
SaaS
RDS
Amazon SES
AWS Lambda
Kinesis
Application
Adoption
Corporate
Adoption
Amazon S3
IAM
VPC
Non-Integral
SaaS
Amazon EC2
Cloud Adoption
Center of Gravity
Adoption Sweet Spot
Mandate
Committed
Experiment
Allow Value-Added
Allow SaaS
Allow Servers
Policies
Experiment
Servers Managed
Components
Unique
Components
Committed

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How to be successful…
… migrating Enterprise apps to the cloud

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Adoption Success Strategies
Understand
your culture
Create a
Solid Plan
Drive cultural
change
Monitor
your adoption
Understand
your needs

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Monitor Your Adoption
Before Migration
Baseline application
(servers, databases,
caches, applications,
microservices)
Determine your
steady state

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Monitor Your Adoption
During Migration
Incorporate cloud’s internal
monitoring
Continue
application
monitoring
Understand and solve all deviations from steady state…
Performance Post Migration
& During Optimization
Pre-Migration Feasibility &
Benchmarking

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Continue Monitoring…
Infrastructure
is now out of
your control
Understand
application
impact
Ongoing
application &
infrastructure
monitoring is
essential
Monitor Your Adoption

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All Phases
Before Your Migration
Establish Your
Steady State
During Your Migration
Understand and solve
all deviations from
steady state…
After Your Migration
Ongoing application &
infrastructure monitoring
is essential
Monitor Your Adoption

83. © 2017, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
Keeping Your App Running…At Scale
8
Dynamic
Cloud…
... tools to make
availability happen.
Migration…
... how do I get my
app to the cloud?
Visibility…
… into your app
performance
Monitor your application and infrastructure

84. © 2017, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
Monitoring Just the Server
Worked When Rate of Change Was Low…
Amazon EC2 Instance
Server OS
Server (Virtual)
Hardware
Application &
Application Microservices
AWS
CONSOLE Amazon
CloudWatch

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Dev
Ops
Dynamic World

86. © 2017, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
Server OS
Server (Virtual)
Hardware
Application &
Application
Microservices
Provisioning
Application &
Application
Microservices
Application &
Application
Microservices
BrowserMobile
Full Stack Monitoring – Full App Visibility
New Relic
Application
Monitoring
New Relic
Infrastructure
Monitoring
DASHBOARDS
You need:
• Top to bottom monitoring…
• Visibility into your application operation
• Dynamic infrastructure control…

87. ©2008–17 New Relic, Inc. All rights reserved#FutureStack

88. © 2017, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
The World is Changing
Dynamic Cloud Enables Better Applications Faster
Traditional
Data Center
Cloud
Data Center
Dynamic
Cloud
Better Best
The way you’ve done things in the past
won’t work in the future.
Good

89. © 2017, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
Fireside Chat
Mark Kelly
Director of Cloud and Infrastructure
Services Architecture

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THANK YOU
Visit New Relic at booth #2412