The following pages document my responses to the online discussion questions in the Spring 2017 version of ARC 211 American Diversity and Design at the University at Buffalo – State University of New York

1. UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO – STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK
ARC211- AMERICAN DIVERSITY AND DESIGN-
SPRING 2017
ONLINE DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
HARSANA SIVA
https://blogs.hope.edu/career/diversity/diversity-in-the-workplace/

2. I am Harsana Siva, a freshman in the school of architecture UB. D+D has given me a broader idea on different diversity issues
prevalent in this world. I got a more influenced thought perspective. Answering different discussion board questions makes me
think about different possible solutions even after attempting them. It is compels me to think about the issue over and over
again and makes me wonder how this problem could be approached in different perspectives.

3. This thread provides you with an opportunity to "meet" each other and initiate a connection with participants in your group.
In responding to this discussion thread, please introduce yourself and provide us with one interesting fact about
yourself. After posting your introduction, take a look through and reply to some of the others. The purpose of this exercise is
to develop a sense of community. You might find that you share similar experiences and can help each other in many ways
throughout the semester.
I am a student at University at Buffalo, School of Architecture and Planning. The adjective fun perfectly suits my personality. I am
into a lot of sports and love to explore new places. I believe in creating and researching facts rather than randomly believing them. I
wanted to design the world around me, I wanted others to experience my imagination. I strongly believe in “If the outcome is positive
I receive triumph and if its negative I learn a lessons”. Either way I would learn something new. I always put in my complete
dedication and loyalty into any task performed. The dilemma about my career was a turning point in my life. It showed me how to
take independent decisions. That’s why I chose architecture as my major, it is challenging and I get to create and establish my own
ideas.
I enjoy my time traveling and sketching. I love playing badminton (one of my hobbies).I am really excited about what UB got for me
through out my undergrad journey!

4. On “What is design?” from Hello World: Where Design Meets Life by Alice Rawsthron the author opened her chapter with the
example of Ying Zheng, the ruler of the in empire, one of the most powerful and enduring empires I the history of China. She
explained how design innovation contributed to Ying Zheng’s success. For example, in the development of weaponry, he
resolved many problems by standardizing parts, and this single innovation gave his armies great advantage over other armies.
For this discussion, let’s move away from 246 B.C. China, and into the U.S.Describe an innovation or invention (can be
current or historical) that gave advantage to a group of people in
the U.S. or to the population as a whole. What were the social impacts of this innovation? Were any groups negatively
impacted by this innovation? For example, the telegraph, developed and patented in the United States in 1837 by Samuel
Morse, permitted people and commerce to transmit messages across both continents and oceans almost instantly, with
widespread social and economic impacts. This heightened communication speed allowed business persons to make decisions
with up-to-date information, often resulting in big profits. Those without access had to rely on out-dated information, which
put them at a disadvantage.
The smoke detector is indeed one of the most important inventions done by the U.S. A smoke detector is a device that detects smoke
and issues a signal. Most smoke detectors work either by optical detection or by physical process, but some of them use both detection
methods to increase sensitivity to smoke.

5. It plays a major role in the daily life of a human all over the globe. It is surprising how the prototype developed in 1890 was further
developed to what it is now. It is more of an advantage than a disadvantage in spite of a few wrong alarms occasionally.
https://www.safety.com/p/smoke-alarm-detectors/

6. On “Introduction” from Diversity and Design: Understanding Hidden Consequences
The editors state that “diverse participation in the design process, from both professionals and public citizens alike, yields
more equitable results.” This makes sense, but typically has not been the case. Nonetheless, many marginalized groups have
impacted design in ways that have changed our visual and physical worlds as well as our systems, policies, and institutions.
For example, in the 1960s, disability rights advocates designed media events to raise awareness about barriers in the physical
environment. They persisted with their efforts for decades, and, finally, in 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act became
law. It mandated accessibility in public accommodations such as restaurants and stores, public transportation,
communication, and other areas of public life. This dramatically changed our physical environment (from curb cuts to ramps
to automatic doors) and the results made public life more equitable.
Now it’s your turn. Describe a design that was impacted by a diversity group. How and why did it change form and/or
circumstances? (Note that a design can be anything requiring planning and development prior to the production of an action,
system, visual, material object, or environment. Also, keep in mind that, for our purposes, a diversity group is a group of
individuals who are underrepresented in society in some way—children, older adults, the economically disadvantaged, those
with cognitive disabilities, etc.)

7. A lamp shade is one such example where it was designed to avoid direct contact with the bulb. The bulb is expected to be hot when in
use and it might cause some serious burns if touched. Thats when lamp shade was designed. A lamp shade is a conical or cylindrical
fixture that covers the light bulb on a lamp to diffuse the light it emits. In the late 17th-century in Paris the first public lanterns made
their appearance in the centre of the streets.
http://www.deng88.com/

8. Where would you place the images shown in Photos That Changed the World into Croteau and Hoynes' diagram entitled
“Model of Media and the Social World”? Identify a mass mediaphotograph taken in your own lifetime that has served as an
icon of an event. (Feel free to add an attachment.) What roles does this photo play in the communication of the event?
Birmingham, Alabama, was one of the focal points of the civil rights movement, and black residents and protestors faced near-
constant torment as they struggled for equality. This image of young people being assaulted with a fire hose showed the lengths their
attackers would go to in order to fight the changing tides.
http://www.thekingcenter.org/movement-intensifies

9. Typically, we do not think of hats as elements of mass media or social media. However, the two hats (red and pink) discussed
in the articles certainly have taken on that role. Why are the two hats (red and pink) mentioned in the articles vehicles of
communication design? What meanings do each of the two hats carry? In terms of communication design, how are they
similar? And how are they different from one another?
STATE: There are certain ideas used to communicate design.
ELABORATE: Different forms of clothing indicates different types of people.
EXAMPLE: The doctors use a white coat to establish their position whereas the cops use a dark blue uniform to establish their
position.
http://www.jobsinnh.org/

10. In his chapter on industrial design (written in 1987), historian John Heskett claims that the methods of mass production
introduced by Henry Ford in the U.S. involved new concepts of the standardization and integration of the production line that
were adopted across the world. With Ford’s method, work could be completed by relatively unskilled workers; it was more
efficient and with this method, products were made more quickly and cheaply than previously possible.What were some of the
social consequences of Ford’s production line? In other words, how did this system change our U.S. society? Do any of those
changes remain with us today? Now consider Maurice Conti’s TED Talk, and the predictions he makes about
production. How do you think manufacturing processes will change in the next twenty years? How do you think these changes
will affect our U.S. society?
Even in those days Henry envisioned producing a product that anyone could afford. His first concept was for a pocket watch that he
hoped could sell for just 30 cents each. He figured he would have to produce about 2,000 watches each day, or over a half million a
year, to meet this low price point. In the end he came to the conclusion that there was not enough demand to sustain that level of
production. Even so, Henry’s dream of mass production and low prices would stay with him and the fruition of that vision would
change the way we live today.Farmers and city dwellers alike could afford a Model T because it was affordable. It was affordable
because of the rate at which it was built. The remarkable birth rate of Model T Fords was made possible by the moving assembly line
and by the thousands of people who toiled under harsh and demanding conditions:
 Standing in their place along that assembly line,
 Doing their repetitive task,
 Over and over again,
 Hour upon hour,
 Shift upon shift,

11.  Week in and month out.
Unskilled workers cost less. They were paid less than skilled tradesman, and they were easier to replace. On Henry Ford’s assembly
line you kept up with the pace of production or you were gone. No one individual was so important that they were indispensable. The
miracle of production was that Ford was able to deliver parts, subassemblies, and assemblies with precise timing to a constantly
moving main assembly line. This reduced the time to produce a complete chassis from over 12 hours to about an hour and a half. The
subdivision of labor into small, easily repeated steps and the coordination of a multitude of operations produced huge gains in
productivity. But that productivity came at a cost. The work was monotonous, hot, dirty, and often dangerous. As the popularity of the
Model T increased the factory went to two nine hour shifts, six days per week. You could have your place on Henry Ford’s assembly
line for the princely sum of two dollars and thirty-four cents per day. But be forewarned, when 108 hours of production per week
could not keep up with demand, Henry and his supervisors would gradually speed up the line.
The changes in the manufacturing units would have a heavy impact on the employment rate. In another 20 years we can expect
machines to build everything and human would be employed just to fix those machines. This would highly affect the revenue of U.S.
http://www.poker.co.uk/fbi-brings-illegal-high-stakes-gambling-network-down/

12. Which of the 2016 IDEA Gold Award products seems to defy the Cradle-to-Cradle concept developed by architect William
McDonough and chemist Dr. Michael Braungart? How does this product resist or disregard the concept? Provide an example
of any products that embrace Cradle-to-Cradle design, please describe and cite your source(s).
STATE: The 3D Printed Residential Faucets disregards the cradle-to-cradle concept.
ELABORATE: The 3D printed residential faucets is nothing different from a normal faucets.
EXEMPLIFY: The 3D printed residential faucets is the same as a normal faucet it is of the same size and shape made of stainless steel
and does the same purpose.
SOURCES:
https://3dprint.com/116005/3d-printed-faucets-dxv-line/
https://3dprint.com/tag/3d-printed-faucet/
STATE: Fusion 360 Winner: Finite Faucet embraces the cradle to cradle method.
ELABORATE: Cole Smith's Finite Faucet was awarded the Fusion 360 award—recognizing the best use of Autodesk tools in
realizing a design from initial sketch to fleshed-out concept—for his sleek upgrade to the often testy public restroom faucet.

13. EXEMPLIFY: The cylindrical vessel holds just enough water to allow users to wet their hands for 20 seconds before it completely
empties. It then refills over the course of another 20 seconds, reminding users to lather and scrub adequately before rinsing off. By
adapting the habits of users, the faucet attempts to not only do "less bad, but more good," an effect that is compounded by the use of
primarily recycled materials, including copper sourced from standard plumbing fixtures.
http://www.core77.com/posts/36797/4-Examples-of-How-Cradle-to-Cradle-Fosters-Product-Design-Innovation

14. Your readings and viewings this week present different ways of thinking about architecture. Mies Van der Rohe describes
architecture as “The will of the epoch translated into space.” Andrew Ballantyne describes architecture as the background for
life. Jeanne Gang describes it as the act of building relationships. All agree that architecture can change based on context and
culture. Choose two works of architecture from any of your materials this week—one with sensibilities about the past and one
with sensibilities about the present and/or future. How do each of these buildings either reflect or challenge their cultural
contexts? (Use the SEE-IT method to respond to this question.)
The Virginia State Capital Building
State it: The Virginia State Capital Building designed by Thomas Jefferson has sensibilities about the past
Elaborate: The Virginia State Capital Building has rich details derived from the royal temples in Rome. It shows the importance of
ancient architecture and how that idea should be carried on over time.
Example: This building had details from an inch to quarter of an inch. These minute details were given importance and thus drove the
attention of the public. It also states how the history existed in modern buildings.
Infer: It takes a lot to perceive a building. It needs a detailed history to understand the reason behind each and every detail added to a
building. It takes more than just looking at it and calling it beautiful!
Think: But is it necessary to have heavy pillars to depict the Rome style architecture?
Wainwright Building
State it: The Wainwright Building was designed by Louis Sullivan in the 1980s has sensibilities about the future.

15. Elaborate: The Wainwright Building originated the idea of tripartite and skyscrapers. Tall buildings weren't famous during the 80s and
Louis Sullivan made it possible for us to have tall and enormous buildings now.
Example: People used thick masonry to form the walls but now after the Wainwright Building other architects have learned to get rid
of them and come up with a new idea of having a skeleton frame walls and they also did come up with the concept to elevators.
Infer: The buildings now have more affect on the human life. It is made easier for the building to communicate its details with the
human.
Think: Can we now go back to living in the ancient architectural buildings? Have the skyscrapers influenced our life a lot?
http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20140530-how-high-up-can-skyscrapers-go

16. Andrew Ballantyne and Peter Zumthor present ideas about architecture that seem to value the sensorial and material
elements of life. How are Ballantyne’s and Zumthor’s viewpoints on architecture alike? More importantly, how do they
differ? (Use the SEE-IT method to respond to this question.)
State it: Ballantyne and Zumthor speak about the functionality of architecture.
Elaborate: Ballantyne talks about how people sense architecture whereas Zumthor talks about how architecture affects a person's
beliefs. They both do have a common idea of form follows function.
Examples: It is how Frank Llyod Wright uses the idea of building his works to the height of a person thus creating some positive
interaction between the person and the building. He also uses the idea of materiality in all his projects to create a new spacial
experience.
Infer: It is important for buildings to communicate with humans. It is only then they solve their purpose.
think: What if we don't like the house we stay in? Is it going to make us any happier?
https://minna-takala.com/2014/03/13/sensing-spaces-more-than-architecture/

17. Here is your discussion question on the Levy article. Please post your own response, and respond to at least two other students
responses.John Levy’s article, “An Overview: The Need for Planning,” discussed ways in which planning can determine the
characteristics of a place. For example, some smaller towns restrict the heights of buildings to maintain a certain scale.How did
planning define the character of the place in which you grew up?
Where I grew up, we needed a lot of planning on how minimal space can be used to accommodate a large population. I am from
Bangalore, India. It being a major IT center needed a lot of different facilities like the metro, bus service, cabs and other modes of
transportation. It also needed a rich roadway system to enhance the movement of vehicles. Major population had a high demand of
different forms of entertainment. Spaces had to be effectively designed to accommodate all these requirements so as to provide a
comfortable living. Apart from this there was a demand of land for agriculture (India is known mostly for its agriculture).
https://www.google.com/search?q=bangalore+high+rise+buildings&hl=en&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj-ru-i-
ffTAhVHz2MKHaWtAIgQ_AUICygC&biw=704&bih=739#imgrc=Cn4PC7gWsYgN6M:

18. Here is your discussion question on the Pruitt Igoe project, the Talen article, and the Larson lecture. article. Please post your
own response, and respond to at least two other students' responses.
Imagine that you are part of a urban planning and design firm working with Emily Talen (author of “Design That Enables
Diversity”) and Kent Larson (who gave the TED Talk "Brilliant Designs to Fit More People In Every City" The thee of you
have been tasked with developing a plan to rebuild Pruitt Igoe in St. Louis. City officials told the three of you that that they
want to do it right this time. Identify three strategies for rebuilding Pruitt Igoe in ways that promise to be more successful.
What would Talen do? What would Larson do? What would you do? How would your strategies differ from those of the
original urban planners/designers of the project? Why would your strategies be more effective?
Pruitt-Igoe was an experiment and would be successful if some minute factors would be taken under consideration. The Pruitt-Igoe
Myth argues that factors such as structural changes occurring in St. Louis, public welfare policies, racial segregation, and flawed
assumptions made by the project’s planners better explain what happened. As one speaker in the film states, “The bigger story is in
fact the decline of the city overall.”
Speaking at HUD, Freidrichs emphasized the confluence of Pruitt-Igoe’s funding structure, high vacancy rate, and changes to the city
of St. Louis itself. Although federal funding supported Pruitt-Igoe’s construction, the project’s maintenance and operations were
unsubsidized. Because Pruitt-Igoe’s upkeep depended entirely on rent from the project’s low-income tenants, excessive vacancies
would imperil its financial and physical condition. And, in fact, research demonstrated that, from the time it opened its doors, Pruitt-
Igoe had a higher vacancy rate than did more successful, contemporaneous housing projects in St. Louis.
In general, popular stereotypes about public housing in the United States obscure the reality that many residents experience. A 1999
HUD study found, for example, that 75 percent of public housing residents surveyed were satisfied or very satisfied with their unit.
Moreover, although public housing is often characterized as high rises such as Pruitt-Igoe or Chicago’s Cabrini-Green, the vast

19. majority of public housing developments are much smaller. According to the HUD Picture of Subsidized Households, in 2013 only 13
percent of public housing developments had 250 units or more. Also, about 31 percent of public housing units were occupied by
elderly households, that is, those with a head of household or spouse 62 years or older.Larson would have worked on building a more
appealing home and Talen would have worked on how to bring the communities together in order to have a better atmosphere to live
in.
Implementing these ideas would have definitely made Pruitt Igoe last longer.
http://www.politico.com/states/new-york/city-hall/story/2012/02/new-documentary-the-pruitt-igoe-myth-tells-of-the-rise-and-fall-of-
americas-most-infamous-housing-project-067223

20. Displaying his plan at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Frederick Law Olmsted stated that "Buffalo is the best
planned city, as to its streets, public places, and grounds, in the United States, if not in the world." What was the basis for this
claim? Would Olmsted still make that claim today? Why or why not?
Olmsted appreciated the that fact that Buffalo has a good ratio between the nature space and the industrial space. According to
Olmsted a city is considered good only if its citizens have all sorts of amenities in its best form. Buffalo has a well-developed park
system, well-designed buildings and a perfect layout to make a perfect city. The grain elevators standing tall dating back to the
massive history of transportation still makes Buffalo an important location for tourism.
I guess Olmsted would still be happy to call it one of the best-planned city due to its stable growth in integrating a beautiful layout.
Buffalo still holds its natural beauty and its architectural beauty at the same time.
http://www.dailypublic.com/articles/06042015/paving-olmsted

21. Identify something that should be memorialized either on UB's campus or in your hometown. Imagine that you are the person
who will oversee this project, and that you are using Walter Hood's 'triad of investigations' as your approach to the
project. What would your landscape intervention commemorate/memorialize? How will you use Hood's 'triad of
investigations' to design a new landscape intervention? What do you imagine that the design will be? (Either written or visual
descriptions are acceptable).
Back in India I would build some sort of a memorial probably a statue to pay rest to Mother Tersa who had spent her entire life
helping the children suffering from leprosy. Back then it was something the common public weren't willing to do. It be their parents or
relatives, they considered the patients a pain to take care of.

22. But then Mother-ersa worked on taking care of them in spite of their disability to do anything. It is important for us to pay respect to a
person of that sort. This not only shows our respect but also would be a mode of inspiration for others to develop a caring nature. This
statue would be surrounded by a garden to highlight the statue and to catch more attention of the public. It would integrate more of a
natural aspect of the surrounding to stand out of a industrially developed location.
It would thus be a distraction to the flow of the surrounding and will immediately catch the attention of the public.
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/hope-cs-saibal-chandra-pal

23. The abolitionist poster, the Brookes, is an iconic image that often is included in exhibits that explore issues of race and
power. It was commissioned by Thomas Clarkson in 1788, and the Committee of the Abolition of Slavery used it to inform and
shock the public. While some consider the poster as an important component of the abolitionist campaign, it recently “has
been strongly criticized by some individuals and groups of African heritage as providing a very limited view of the history of
the transatlantic slave trade, resistance and abolition (Hudson 2007).” The lesson here is that how a viewer sees an image is
dependent upon his/her social, economic, and cultural position. Keeping this in mind, find another iconic graphic that
addresses racial issues and post it for others in your group to view.(Add it to your response by clicking on the picture in the
tools section. Do not add it as an attachment that needs to be opened.) How do you interpret the graphic? What is its
meaning? Now imagine that someone from a racial and cultural background different than your own is looking at the same
graphic. Briefly describe this person. How might s/he interpret its meaning? How might this differ from your interpretation?
What are the possible reasons for these differences?(Consider the three assessment principles mentioned in the article to help
you: a technology of vision, an instrument of empathy, and a symbol of control.) (NOTE: Limit your response to less than 250
words.)
In October 1966, Bobby Seale founded the Black Panther Party for Self Defense with Huey Newton, whom he first met in the early
60s at the Afro-American Association (AAA) in Oakland. Inspired by Malcolm X, Seale and Newton adopted his doctrine of
“freedom by any means necessary” for the Black Panther Party. The organization, which was active in the United States until 1982,
promoted black self-defense and called for an end to police brutality. Initially tied to black nationalism, over time the group aligned
more with socialism. They carried out a number of community programs in poor, black urban areas including police patrols and the
Free Breakfast for Children program. Other famous members include Stokely Carmichael, Eldridge Cleaver, Kathleen Neal Cleaver,
Fred Hampton, and Assata Shakur. The FBI investigated Seale as part of its COINTELPRO program that aimed to weaken targeted
domestic political organizations. Seale was one of the original “Chicago Eight” defendants in 1968 and, despite a lack of substantial

24. evidence, he was imprisoned for four years. To this day, Seale supports various non-profit social organizations related to education
and social services in black communities. The poster conveys how it is important for people to stay united. It shows how their strength
could be increased if they united.
pbs.org/manyrivers

25. Critique either the MLK Memorial or the National Museum of African American History and Culture
using equityXdesign’s core beliefs and/or design principles. (Use the beliefs or principles that are most relevant to your
critique rather than all of them.) (NOTE: Limit your response to less than 250 words.)
I am going to critique MLK Memorial using equityXdesign's core beliefs and design principles. Martin Luther King has always put in
his efforts to come up with peaceful and non-violent methods to solve all the problems during the era. The Civil Rights Act and the
Voting Rights Act passed, African Americans still found themselves trapped in pockets of poverty across the country, Dr. King didn’t
say those laws were a failure; he didn’t say this is too hard; he didn’t say, let's settle for what we got and go home. Instead he said, let's
take those victories and broaden our mission to achieve not just civil and political equality but also economic justice; let's fight for a
living wage and better schools and jobs for all who are willing to work. In other words, when met with hardship, when confronting
disappointment, Dr. King refused to accept what he called the "isness" of today. He kept pushing towards the "oughtness" of
tomorrow.
https://www.nps.gov/mlkm/learn/news/soft-opening-and-dedication-information.htm

26. First, let’s start with your own home. Describe a place in your home (indoors and/or outdoors) that you think of as representative
of your own ethnic background and discuss why you consider this place to be ‘ethnic’. –OR-- Describe an object in your home that
you think of as representative of your ethnic background and discuss why this object is considered to be ‘ethnic’. (If possible, add
photo/s.) Is this object or place something that you will keep or continue when you establish your own home? Why or why not?
Now let’s move into your community. In “Landscape Stories,” the authors show how landscape architects develop a historical
narrative that sifts through and interpets the culture and material of underrepresented groups. Think about the community
where you grew up. Describe and discuss any evidence of cultural influences on the physical environment in your community.
If possible, describe evidence of the cultural influence of an underrepresented group. (If possible, add photo/s.) Is this cultural
influence being acknowledged or preserved from future generations? Why or why not?
Back home we always build a space for the god. A space of worship, a space considered peaceful and safe. This place is considered
very sacred and is built just to place the idol and to perform prayers. This place exists in almost all the houses, yes! the design does
vary from houses. It probably started as a tradition to give god his/her own space to show extreme respect but having this space has
become more than a tradition now. It is a part of the house,it completes the house.

27. India is known for its agriculture. The landscape architects have lately been working on developing space for more buildings and
creating artificial plants. It is something to look into as soon as possible before we loose all our traces of agriculture. It is important for
us to hold on to our tradition of agriculture. Agriculture is something which makes India for what it is now. Preserving this space is of
great importance to keep up to the economy and the tradition of the country.
https://hiveminer.com/User/Marble%20Cottage/Interesting

28. Recent controversies about sports branding focus on ethnicity. The Washington Redskins team is just one example of the
larger controversy, but it receives the most public attention due to the name itself being defined as derogatory or insulting in
modern dictionaries, and the prominence of the team representing the nation’s capital. Should sports team branding designers
use ethnic references (Fighting Irish, Boston Celtics, Atlanta Braves, etc.)? Why? Why not? What are some of the complexities
of this issue?
It is fine for us to have an ethnic sports name. But again at the same time it is important ant for us to make sure that this name doesn't
directly affect any individual. It wouldn't be fair for us to blame the sports name but at the same time it is necessary for us to have fun
while we are trying to represent a sports team.
It is necessary to take in consideration about what people think. It is still a form of representation of the public.
http://seminolepost.blog.palmbeachpost.com/2016/01/26/5340/

29. In their chapter “Communicating Gender,” Maya Ganesh and Gabi Sobliye discuss two primary visual advocacy approaches:
1) get the idea, and 2) stories in data. Find a new example of either of the two visual advocacy approaches to gender issues,
and post it in this thread. Cite the source.
First, identify the approach. Then explain how the designer uses the approach to communicate a gender issue. Is the approach
effective in this example? Why or why not? How could this graphic be improved? (Limit your response to 200 words.)
The approach used in this image is "get the idea". The designer shows how women are discriminated and how they are not allowed to
participate in any social events. It is so unfortunate how women are not equally treated. It somewhat gives an idea about the different
issues women go through in their daily life. The kind of comments they face. This picture could be further improved by giving some
sort of a direct reference to the issue rather than showing the topic in a broad phase.
https://www.google.com/searchq=get+the+idea+photographs+on+gender+inequality&espv=2&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=
0ahUKEwjmq9LpuJHTAhWITCYKHaeXDJYQ_AUIBigB&biw=1440&bih=826#imgdii=J0nWLNo8fqxU9M:&imgrc=6jwvVdsOw
rjd3M

30. Last year, North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory signed into law a bill that repealed local LGBT anti-discrimination laws,
and required people to use the bathroom that corresponded with the biological gender written on their birth certificates. This
prompted massive backlash. McCrory stated, “You know, we all have to make adjustments in life. And we’ve had the proper
etiquette situation for decades in our country, and all of a sudden through political correctness we’re throwing away basic
etiquette.” Just this past Thursday, the North Carolina General Assembly passed a bill to repeal the law while placing a
moratorium on nondiscrimination measures.
Should people be required to use the bathroom that corresponds with the biological gender written on their birth certificate?
State why AND state why not. In other words, to receive full credit for this question, you need to present an argument for both
sides of the issue. As a designer, how would you solve this gender dilemma? Use the SEE-IT method to respond to this
question.
FOR: Personally, I feel that bathroom are to be built with extreme privacy. It is important to consider everyone's point of view
regarding this issue. It is more of a public opinion since this could invade a person's privacy. That is something unfair to do. Like the
others commented about the trans gender problem,

31. AGAINST: It won't be the same for people to use a common gender bathroom over a multi-gender bathroom. Like women prefer
more sanitation than men and this would be a greater issue if they get to use the same restrooms. As a designer, I would prefer
introducing bathrooms for common genders including trans gender just so that they get to have their privacy.
https://www.theodysseyonline.com/co-gender-bathrooms-safety-or-feelings

32. After almost two decades of public assistance, Tammy Crabtree took herself and her family off the welfare rolls. But her job
cleaning bathrooms at a local Burger King barely paid the bills. Crabtree wanted to do better and hopes to go to college and
become a teacher.
Imagine this scenario. You are a designer who works at the well-known firm, iPD(Integrated Planning and Design). You work
on a team with planners, urban designers, policy designers, architects, and social designers. You have been tasked to
develop/design a way for Tammy Crabtree and her family (and others with situations similar to Tammy’s) to move themselves
out of poverty. What will your team do to help Tammy and her family achieve their goals? What approach will your team take
to address this difficult problem?
I would group up people with problems similar to Tammy and help them out by letting them build their own house and by paying
them for what they worked. This would be a part-time job thus, providing them with enough cash for living and the other part of the
day could be used for what they actually want to do say teaching in case of Tammy.It is important for us to consider their passion so I
would let them choose which part of the day they wanted to work. They would be paid hourly wages just like the other workers.This
would provide them a satisfaction of building their own house, earning money and pursuing his/her passion.
https://saintandrewstwinflame.com/2017/02/03/yosef-3-intel-updates-february-3-2017/

33. The development of Regent Park is phased, and there are several more phases to the project. What actions could be taken to
ensure more social integration for the older people living in the ‘new and improved’ Regent Park?
One of the major issues with the park was low maintenance hence I would either assign someone to look after it or form an
organization to keep updating the maintenance. There should be strict rules and some sort of contribution should be made to keep the
organization running. I would also expand the park by building parks and well-developed walking lanes.
Well, expanding the park automatically becomes really welcoming thus attraction all sorts of people to come along. This would be
some sort of medium to connect people.
http://danielshomes.ca/daniels-communities/featured-communities/regent-park

34. For this question, we will focus on Juan Enriquez’ Life Two civilization, whichalters fundamental aspects of the body. We are
living longer than ever before in human history. Enriquez argues that, because of advances in bio-medical technology, the
possibility of living to 120 years of age and beyond is quite possible for many of us in this D+D class. Assuming that his
assertion is accurate, how do you think extended life spans will change our societies and built environments? What new issues
might designers face because of extended life spans?
The only thing that reminds me from longer lifespan is over populated cities and towns. Lack of space and resources, more fight for
food and other basic needs. This would lead to building communities that need to accumulate more people in a little space. That would
not be our comfort zone! But the fun fact is we can afford to have all the precious humans we would lose some time to stay with us
longer. That would be great. Would you sacrifice your parents for comfort?
http://libguides.brooklyn.cuny.edu/asd/image_attributions

35. The two most frequently mentioned models of disability are the ‘social’ and the ‘medical’ models. The medical model of
disability views disability as a medical ‘problem’ that belongs to the disabled individual. The social model of disability, in
contrast, draws on the idea that it is society that disables people, through designing everything to meet the needs of the
majority of people who are not disabled. There is a recognition within the social model that there is a great deal that society
can do to reduce, and ultimately remove, some of these disabling barriers, and that this task is the responsibility of society,
rather than the disabled person.
In the Smithsonian online exhibition, the story about the superhero hand, and Elise Roy’s TED Talk, you saw examples of
ways to engage disability that use the social model rather than the medical model. In the Disability and Design PowerPoint,
you were introduced to the concept of Universal Design (UD) (sometimes called inclusive design, design-for-all, or human-
centered design). Certainly, UD embraces the social model of disability. In this same PowerPoint, you saw positive and
negative examples of each of the seven principles of universal design.
For the Module 12 Thread 1, please select one of the seven universal design principles, and post photographs that show both a
positive and a negative example of the principle. Then address the following question: How do your examples empower or
disempower various people? Describe the specific features of the positive example and the specific features of the negative
example. Discuss ways that the positive example could be even further improved.
PRINCIPLE: Size and space for approach and use

36. The UB buses have the facility to help the disable to get on and off the bus. A ramp opens up almost close to the ground and the driver
helps them get on the bus. It also has a lot of standing space, this can also be used to accommodate the disabled.
But in case of a double decker bus it is not possible for disabled people to get on or off easily. They have stairs in them and they are
really tall.

37. I would develop this by having a ramp to help the disabled get on and off easily and to have space for them on the ground floor since it
becomes really difficult the access the one above.
http://www.buffalo.edu/UBT/UBT-archives/volume30number2/shortform/
http://www.slidego.com/go/19568

38. Our 2017 Design-A-Baby survey yielded the following characteristics as indicated by a majority of you:
Sex: Male (47%)
Hair Color: Dark Brown (22%)
Hair Texture: Wavy (33%)
Eye Color: Blue (26%)
Race: Caucasian (36%)
Height: 5’-10” to 6’-1” (45%)
IQ: 131-140 (20%)
Memory: Excellent (43%)
Athletic Ability: Excellent (43%)
Weight: Average (79%)
Disease Carrier: None (85%)
Beauty: Somewhat attractive (46%)
Empathy: Very empathetic (38%)
Creativity: Very creative (37%)
Sounds like an all-around lovely person!
Currently, we have the technology for you to choose many of the survey characteristics in your future child, and this ability to
choose poses some ethical questions. Of course, we all want the best for our own child. However, as we move into a more
collective situation, we need to consider how the consequences of majority choices for children might change who we are as a
species.
In the film trailer FIXED, you were introduced to the dilemma of living in a culture in which the “science-fiction of human
enhancement” has become almost a way of life, from prenatal genetic screening to bionic body parts. In the video, “A Man

39. with Three Ears” you are introduced to an artist who is using current technology to move humans beyond their current
abilities. Last week, Juan Enriquez asked us if it is ethical to evolve the human body. All of these videos suggest that the
concept of disability ‘as we know it’ could cease to exist in the future.
This leads us to this week’s discussion question:
What lessons do you think we should learn from history when thinking about emerging enhancement technologies
and reproductive technologies? What are some of the possible consequences (both positive and negative) of being able to
design our bodies and the bodies of our children? What ethical quandaries do these technologies pose?
Would your life get any exciting if you knew what would happen next? Life is a mystery. We need to solve each and every stage of
life by adding different designs to it instead of designing the life itself. What is the point of carrying a baby for 10months knowing if it
is a boy or a girl, or the eye and hair color? Where is all the excitement of wondering how the baby would look?
It definitely has its positive aspects like almost perfect health, appearance, intelligence and stuff but where is the mystery? There
would be just a bunch of similar people walking together.
The negative aspect is that it affects the natural birth cycle of creating humans according to the genetics of their parents. The
offsprings are meant to carry a few characteristics of the family. That is how nature is and it is not fair for us to disturb that.
https://www.emaze.com/@ACTZOOOI/Presentation-Name

40. The state of Massachusetts tried to ban the 1967 documentary Titicut Follies, arguing that director Frederick Wiseman had
violated the patients’ rights by not getting written permission to film them. The case went to court, and Wiseman argued that
he had consent from their legal guardian, the institution. After a judge ruled in favor of the state, the legal appeals carried on
for several years: in 1969, Massachusetts allowed the film to be shown to doctors, lawyers, and health care professionals; in
1991, a superior court judge ruled it could be released for the “general public,” as privacy concerns were no longer at issue, so
many years later.
Should Wiseman have been allowed to film the residents of Bridgewater Massachusetts Correctional Facility? Why or why
not? How might this film be of value to designers (communication designers, product, designers, architects, interior designers,
planners, landscape designers, systems designers, and/or social designers)? In other words, what might they gain from this
film that they could use in their work?
I don't agree with filming them without their consent. It is a for right every human to live their live and disturbing them is not the
correct thing to do.
Designers can use this to develop a better living for them. It also gives them an opportunity to note down minute details for their
everyday movement and design accordingly.
http://www.criticalcommons.org/Members/kfortmueller/clips/titicut-follies-1967/view

41. Prelude: Wolf Wolfensberger's seminal work "The Origin and Nature of Our Institutional Models" posited that society
characterizes people with intellectual disabilities as sub-human and burdens of charity, He argued that this dehumanization,
and the segregated institutions that result from it, ignored the potential productive contributions that all people can make to
society. He pushed for a shift in policy and practice that recognized the human needs of those with intellectual challenges and
provided the same basic human rights as for the rest of the population.
The Scenario: Imagine that you and your four children live in Amherst, New York in a $650,000 home at the end of a cul-de-
sac on the edge of a ten acre woods. The town has purchased a one acre lot three houses away from yours, and plans to build a
group home for ten intellectually challenged adults.
As a resident of the neighborhood, would you support or oppose this proposal and why?
You've learned additional information about the residents of the proposed group home in your neighborhood. In 2013, three
of the ten intended residents exhibited challenging behaviors including screaming, public masturbation, repetitive rocking,
and echolalia (elective incontinence). However, these behaviors have not occurred since then.
How would this change your opinion about the construction of the group home in your neighborhood?
The residents in your neighborhood voted (14-3) to reject the town of Amherst’s proposal to build a group home in the
neighborhood. Town officials agreed that the home would not be built in your neighborhood if you and your neighbors could
develop a workable alternative.
What are some possible solutions that would allow the residents of the home to be provided with “the same basic human rights
as the rest of the population”?
I would be fine with a group home built next to my house. I would be kind of worried about their management so I prefer further
investigating on their work. After whatever I get to know about this place I would decide on supporting them. If I feel it is safe for us
to have them in our neighbourhood them I would put in efforts to gather the other neighbours to agree with this too. Having my

42. children around this place would educate them. At the same time it is important for the care givers to take proper care of them. They
need help with their basic needs such as showering, cooking, and other basic needs.
Until there are not enough care givers to take care of them I am fine with them building the home. In spite of their challenging
behaviors I would still spread awareness to my neighbors on how important it is for them to consider building this home.
http://www.parkviewservices.org/group-home/

43. In his article, David Engwicht discusses the fact that religions (of all types) have played major roles in the development of our
cities. Today, places of worship are primary components of almost all urban centers. Author Lorne Daniel writes “From their
often active role in supporting people who live in city centers to their iconic influence on design and use of space, religious
structures tell us a lot about our history, our current needs, and where we might be headed in the future. This is an aspect of
our urban future that planners and urbanists should attend to.”
Identify a place of worship with which you are somewhat familiar. (If you are not familiar with any places of worship, do a bit
of research on one in your own city or town.) Show a photograph of this religious structure. (You may use photographs from
the web.) What roles has this place served in the development of your city/town? How has it influenced the design of the area
around it? How has its role changed over time? What roles could this place of worship play in the future development of your
city/town?
Kanyakumari, a tiny city placed in the southern tip of Tamil Nadu, India. The name comes from the Devi Kanya Kumari Temple in
the region. It is famous for its holy tourists. A huge number of people turn up every year to visit this temple. The temple has changed
the opportunities of exploring with modern architecture in the city. This place does not have any tall, glassy building instead is more
traditional. Tiny shops around the temple and an average residential area. Around to me this place needs more development in terms
of modern architecture and has to keep up with the developments happening in the rest of the world.

44. This temple has highly influenced the architecture around it and it has restricted the development of modern architecture.
http://tamilnadustatedoctors.com/index.php?id=about-tamil-nadu

45. Consider the quote in your syllabus from educator Michael J. Shannon: “Design, as vision in action--the intersection of
understanding and creation--is a universal human capability that can play a fundamental role in social evolution, in the process
that transforms resources, energy, and information to make our world.”
At the beginning of this course, we discussed the idea that we are all designers regardless of our profession or field of study.
We’ve asked some big questions along the way, and the conclusion section of our textbook raises additional issues that require
input from people who might not consider themselves to be part of the formalized design professions.
Think about your own major and/or future profession. What is the biggest challenge, problem, or question that your field
needs to tackle right now? What do you plan to do to address this challenge, problem, or question either as part of your
studies or professional life?
One of the challenges being an architecture student and to become an architect in the future is to consider everyone's situation before
designing something. It shouldn't disturb the neighborhood even if it provides comfort to the client. It also needs to accommodate a lot
of people due to the constant increase in population. We are at a stage where we need larger buildings to accommodate a larger group
of people just to save the land use.I would design skyscrapers for solving the population issue and place in that part of that city which
is comfortable with these skyscrapers around them hence solving the neighborhood problem.
http://astar.tv/post/being-an-architect-big-firm-or-small-firm/