Appendix 1 Hydrological Survey Report.pdf

August 2021
Main Report
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Consulting Service for Building Trauma and Emergency Medical Center at
Dhulikhel Hospital in Nepal
Oriental Consultants Global Co. Ltd (OC Global)
20-2 Nishishinjuku 3-Chome, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 163-1409, Japan
Inclusive Consultants Pvt. Ltd.
Sitapaila, Kathmandu
Tel/Fax: 9771 4284743
Email: inclusive.consultants@gmail.com
www.inclusiveconsultants.com.np
Submitted by:

Hydrological Survey Report for Building Trauma and Emergency Medical Center at Dhulikhel Hospital in Nepal
Submitted By : Inclusive Consultants Pvt. Ltd i
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................1
1.1 General:....................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Assessment Objective:................................................................................................................................ 1
1.3 Study Area: ................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.4 Department and Services: ........................................................................................................................... 2
1.6 Methodology............................................................................................................................................... 4
1.7 Data Analysis.............................................................................................................................................. 5
2. NATIONAL GUIDELINES ON WASH IN HEALTH FACILTIES.......................................................6
2.1 Compilation of Generic Standards / Tolerance Limits for Wastewater Effluents to be Discharged into
Inland Surface Waters 2010.............................................................................................................................. 6
2.2 Health Care Waste Management Guideline 2014....................................................................................... 7
2.3 National Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS) 2005 / Implementation Directives for National
Drinking Water Quality Standards 2005........................................................................................................... 7
2.4 National Standards for WASH in Health Care Facilities 2018................................................................... 8
3. EXISTING STATUS OF DHULIKHEL HOSPITAL............................................................................10
3.1 Water Supply ............................................................................................................................................10
3.1.1 Water Source......................................................................................................................................10
3.1.2 Water Quality.....................................................................................................................................14
3.2 Sanitation and Waste Water Management............................................................................................16
3.2.1 Existing sanitation facilities...............................................................................................................16
3.2.2 Drainage and storm water management.............................................................................................17
3.2.3 Sewer network for wastewater conveyance .......................................................................................17
3.2.4 Wastewater generation.......................................................................................................................18
3.2.5 Wastewater treatment.........................................................................................................................18
3.2.5.1 Wastewater characteristic and treatment efficiency........................................................................19
3.2.6 Agricultural chemical expected locally..............................................................................................20
3.3 Water and Wastewater Generation from proposed Trauma Centre ..........................................................20

Submitted By : Inclusive Consultants Pvt. Ltd ii
3.4 Electric Detection (Prospecting) Method..................................................................................................21
CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................23
Annexes 25
List of Table
Table 1: List of departments and services..................................................................................2
Table 2: List of departments with no. of staffs ..........................................................................3
Table 3: Major parameters with tolerance limits as published ..................................................6
Table 4: National Drinking Water Quality Standards, 2005......................................................8
Table 5: Type of Water Source Currently being used at Dhulikhel Hospital.........................10
Table 6: Detail of various water collection tank......................................................................12
Table 7: Calculation of Water Demand in Dhulikhel Hospital................................................13
Table 8: Water quality analysis report.....................................................................................15
Table 9: Details of sanitation facilities ....................................................................................16
Table 10: Wastewater quality analysis report..........................................................................19
List of Figure
Figure 1: Satellite image of Dhulikhel hospital area .................................................................2
Figure 2: Water supply sources, tanks and pipe network ........................................................11
Figure 3: Drainage and wastewater conveyance network........................................................18

Hydrological Survey Report for Building Trauma and Emergency Medical Center at Dhulikhel Hospital in
Nepal
Submitted By : Inclusive Consultants Pvt. Ltd 1
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 General:
This report is prepared to carry out the detailed survey of existing water supply system and
wastewater management system inside the premise of Dhulikhel Hospital. This hospital started was
established in 1996 with a single building i.e., the main building now. With the expansion of its
capacity and services, many other buildings were constructed in due course of time and all the water
and wastewater networks were installed as per requirement but without a detailed master plan.
1.2 Assessment Objective:
The main objective of this assignment is to carry out a detailed water and wastewater survey. The
specific objectives are as follows:
 To carry out detailed description of the various studies and analysis carried out.
 To review document of laws and regulation on wastewater treatment for health facility.
 To draw existing water source, distribution network and treatment facility, water points,
existing wastewater and storm drainage network and additional network for both water and
wastewater required to maintain overall connections.
 To review water quality and wastewater characteristics carried out and its compliances and
analysis values with respect to the national standard values.
 To make overall observations and conclusion and recommendations for each activity carried
out in this study.
1.3 Study Area:
Dhulikhel Hospital is an independent, non-profit, non-government institution which was conceived
and supported by the Dhulikhel community, as a quality health services provider. The hospital was
inaugurated by the late king HM Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev in 1996, as a collaborative project
of the Municipality of Dhulikhel, NepaliMed International and Dhulikhel Health Service
Association.
The Hospital is guided by the principles of social equity, sustainable development and harmony with
nature. Through its trained staff, it provides cost effective, compassionate and quality health care
services. The hospital believes in the fact that quality health services need not always be an
expensive commodity and limited only to those who are rich enough to afford.
Dhulikhel Hospital is located in Dhulikhel Municipality, headquarter of the Kavre district. It has a
population of about fourteen thousand and Kavre district has the population of about 1.6 million
people. It is situated 1650 meters above sea level and 30 Km Northeast of Kathmandu, the capital
city of Nepal. Dhulikhel is famous for its breathtaking scenic beauty and pleasant climate.

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The hospital covers the population of approximately 1.9 million people from Kavrepalanchowk,
Sindhu-palchowk, Dolakha, Sindhuli, Ramechhap, Bhaktapur and other surrounding districts.
Nevertheless, Dhulikhel Hospital has already provided services to people from more than 50 out of
75 districts of the country. Dhulikhel hospital is also the university hospital for all the medical
programs run under the collaboration with Kathmandu University (constituent medical programs of
Kathmandu University).
Figure 1: Satellite image of Dhulikhel hospital area
1.4 Department and Services:
In Dhulikhel hospital there are different medical services provided through 20 medical departments.
Mostly 9 AM to 4 PM is designated for the outpatient services, while the emergency service with
inpatient service is provided for 24 hours daily. The following table presents the various departments
with its service hours for both the outpatient as well as emergency services.
Table 1: List of departments and services
S.
No. Departments and Services
Outpatient
Services
Inpatient and Emergencies
services
1 Anesthesia 6 days (9 am - 4pm) 24 hours
2 Clinical Biochemistry 6 days (9 am - 4pm) 24 hours
3 Dental 6 days (9 am - 4pm) 24 hours
4 Dermatology/ Hair Transplant 6 days (9 am - 4pm) 24 hours
5 Ear, Nose Throat (ENT) 6 days (9 am - 4pm) 24 hours
6 Emergency 7 days (24 hours) 24 hours
7 Forensic Medical 6 days (9 am - 4pm) 24 hours

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Toxicology
8 Internal Medicine 6 days (9 am - 4pm) 24 hours
9 Microbiology 6 days (9 am - 4pm) 24 hours
10 Obstetrics and Gynecology 6 days (9 am - 4pm) 24 hours
11 Operating Theatre 6 days (9 am - 4pm) 24 hours
12 Ophthalmology 6 days (9 am - 4pm) 24 hours
13 Orthopedics Traumatology 6 days (9 am - 4pm) 24 hours
14 Pathology 6 days (9 am - 4pm) 24 hours
15 Pediatrics 6 days (9 am - 4pm) 24 hours
16 Pharmacy 6 days (9 am - 4pm) 24 hours
17 Physiotherapy 6 days (9 am - 4pm) 24 hours
18 Psychiatry 6 days (9 am - 4pm) 24 hours
19 Radiology 6 days (9 am - 4pm) 24 hours
20 Surgery 6 days (9 am - 4pm) 24 hours
1.5 Health Facility Staffs Detail
The Dhulikhel hospital being one of the main hospitals in the area, the no. of staff engaged in the
hospital in various services is about 1200. The disaggregated no. of staffs in each service department
is provided in the following table.
Table 2: List of departments with no. of staffs
S. No. Departments and Services No. of staff
1 Administration 67
2 Anesthesia 23
3 Nurse 360
4 Canteen 29
5 Clinical Biochemistry 18
6 Community Program 21
7 Dental 63
8 Dermatology/ Hair Transplant 8
9 Driver 18
10 Ear, Nose Throat (ENT) 12
11 Emergency 28
12 engineering 5
13 Forensic Medical Toxicology 5
14 Gardener 6
15 General Store 3
16 Hostel Care Taker 14
17 Hygienic 95
18 Internal Medicine 25
19 Laundry 18
20 Library 7
21 Maintenance 24
22 Microbiology 18

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23 Obstetrics and Gynecology 15
24 Operating Theatre 1
25 Ophthalmology 9
26 Orthopedics Traumatology 16
27 Pathology 31
28 Pediatrics 18
29 Pharmacy 23
30 Physiotherapy 5
31 Psychiatry 5
32 Radiology 24
33 Research Development 123
34 Security 21
35 Surgery 22
36 Ward boy 20
Total Number of Staffs 1200
1.6 Methodology
1.6.1. Review of documents, reports and information available
The purpose of this review is to ensure that compliances, basic guideline and standards are met
during the planning and implementation of water and wastewater related infrastructure.
1.6.2 Documentation requirements
In order to the activities, the following documents are required for this study team:
 Details of relevant surveys, studies and investigations carried out in the past
 Details of the site information including master plan, building capacity
 Current status of all water points and its locations
 General arrangement layout drawings
 Site layouts
 Operational procedures and interfaces
Should there are gaps or omission be identified following review of these existing documents,
these will be highlighted in our reporting as well as subsequent conclusion and recommendation
sections.
1.6.3 Site visits
Site visits will be carried out to overall all the locations of water sources, water points as well as
sewer and storm water drainage network. Site visits will also be carried out during the water and
wastewater sample collection as well as the performance evaluation of existing wastewater
treatment facility.
1.6.4 Review of existing national guidelines
Reviews will be carried out on national guidelines relating to wastewater management, influent
and effluent standards and assistance given in their understanding and applicability to new
wastewater treatment systems.

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Data requirements for this activity, where available should include the following type of
information:
 National legislation relating to water and wastewater services, supply and
management;
 National effluent discharge standards;
 National water industry design guidelines;
 National water industry codes of practice.
1.6.4 Sampling and analysis of water source, wastewater and agriculture residue
For the analysis of water source quality and wastewater characteristics as well as agricultural
chemicals following parameters were referenced from the TOR.
 Water quality sampling and analysis from existing water points and groundwater sources
o Parameters for water quality analysis of water points – Turbidity, pH, color, odor
and taste, TDS, EC, iron, manganese, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cyanide,
fluoride, lead, ammonia, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, copper, total hardness,
calcium, zinc, mercury, aluminum, residual cholerine, E. Coli and total coliform
o Parameters for water quality analysis of groundwater sources – Turbidity, pH,
color, odor and taste, EC, iron, manganese, arsenic, fluoride, ammonia, nitrate,
total hardness, calcium, residual chlorine, E. Coli and total coliform
 Wastewater analysis before and after treatment
o Parameters for wastewater characteristics – DO, BOD, COD, total bacteria, NH4-
N, NO2-N, NO3-N, total iron, fluoride, coliform group, oil content, arsenic, lead,
cadmium, manganese, mercury, chromium
 Parameters for agricultural chemicals – sodium, potassium, phosphorus, total nitrogen,
pesticide residue qualitative test (organiochlorines, organophosphorus, carbamates and
synthetic pyrethroate groups)
1.7 Data Analysis
Data are taken via field survey, interview with different hospital staff and online. Most of the data
are introduced and analyzed via Microsoft excel and AutoCAD and generated as calculation, tables
and figures.

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2. NATIONAL GUIDELINES ON WASH IN HEALTH FACILTIES
For the review of the national guidelines on water quality and wastewater management and its
standards, the following documents were followed.
 Compilation of Generic Standards / Tolerance Limits for Wastewater Effluents to be
Discharged into Inland Surface Waters 2010
 Health Care Waste Management Guideline 2014
 National Drinking Water Quality Standards 2005 / Implementation Directives for National
Drinking Water Quality Standards 2005
 National Standards for WASH in Health Care Facilities 2018
2.1 Compilation of Generic Standards / Tolerance Limits for Wastewater Effluents to be
Discharged into Inland Surface Waters 2010
The generic standards on tolerance limits for wastewater effluent to discharged into inland surface
waters was published in Nepal Gazette in 2058 B.S. This publication provided the tolerance limits
for i) industrial effluents to be discharged into inland surface waters, ii) industrial effluents, from
different types of industry, to be discharged into public sewers and iii) combined wastewater
treatment plant effluents to be discharged into inland surface waters.
Key observations:
 There are no specific tolerance limits for wastewater generated from health care facility in
these generic standards
 One of the main parameters for wastewater characteristic is biological oxygen demand
(BOD5) and its tolerance limit depends on type of effluent either industrial or combined
wastewater treatment system into inland surface water or pubic sewers. The following table
present these tolerance limits of key parameters:
Table 3: Major parameters with tolerance limits as published
SN Parameter Tolerance limit
Industrial effluent
into Inland Surface
Water
Industrial effluent
into Public Sewers
Combined Wastewater
Treatment Plant into Inland
Surface Water
1 BOD 5 30 – 100 (mg/l) 400 (mg/l) 50 (mg/l)
2 Temp 40 degree C 45 degree C 40 degree C
3 TSS 30 – 200 (mg/L) 600 (mg/l) 50 (mg/l)

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 For color and odor, there is no requirement laid down in standards but it is recommended that
color and unpleasant odor should be absent
2.2 Health Care Waste Management Guideline 2014
This document was published by Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population ,
GoN in 2014. This guideline mostly focuses on solid waste stream under the health care waste
following many national and international codes of conducts, legislations and commitments.
Standards like i) Waste water / Effluent standards 2060, ii) National Drinking Water Quality
Standard 2062 and iii) National Air Quality Standard 2069 are also mentioned in the guideline
document for managing the sound environmental conditions but its points are not used to develop
minimum standard for safe and efficient health care management.
The Solid Waste Management Action 2011 and Solid Waste Management Policy 1996 were used
primarily to provide legal basis and regulations, limited to the management of solid waste stream
with medical waste management. Apart from these points, this guideline does not have any points or
section related to the management of wastewater stream generated from the health care facility.
2.3 National Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS) 2005 / Implementation Directives
for National Drinking Water Quality Standards 2005
The NDWQS 2005 was issued by Government of Nepal for the implementation of National
Drinking Water Quality Standard 2062 under the provision of Water Resource Act, 2049, Clause 18
and Sub Clause 1. The directives under this NDWQS are applicable for the following entities (not
limited to):
 Agencies responsible for providing drinking water services
 Health related agencies
 Any other agencies, private industry and organizations, individuals related with health
service and drinking water supply.
The NDWQS 2005 presents the permissible or concentration limits for 27 different parameters under
3 category viz. physical , chemical and microbiological parameters. This document not only sets the
necessary provisions for implementation of NDWQS 2005 but also guides for the water sampling,
testing and analysis procedures to confirm to the NDWQS. Also, this document provides monitoring
and surveillance activities and their frequency to confirm NDWQS limits.

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Table 4: National Drinking Water Quality Standards, 2005
2.4 National Standards for WASH in Health Care Facilities 2018
The National Standards for WASH in Health Care Facilities 2018 was developed based on WHO
Essential Environmental Health Standards in Health Care 2008 by Ministry of Health and
Population, Government of Nepal. The main objective of this standard and guideline is to provide
basic standards and their guideline of water, sanitation and hygiene in different level of health care
facilities.
This document specifically tried to capture the both basic and advance service level required for
water, sanitation and hygiene in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals. The different
standards for service level are discussed in detail in the following heading:
 Water

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o Water source – explanation of improved source on the premise at all times,
functionality of water use points without having any major leaks, all water end points
connected with available water supply, requirement of secondary improved source in
case of interruptions to primary water source,
o Water quantity – standard for water requirement for all purposes such as hand
hygiene, cleaning, laundry, drinking and cooking is provided for each critical areas
depending on nature of medical treatment provision and facility
o Water storage – explanation on requirement of safe and secure water storage in the
premise where the storage tank should have reserve capacity of two full day back up
in case of interruption in main water supply, prevention of water storage and its
cleaning
o Water quality – this point also states the drinking water quality should meet the
NDWQS 2005, if the health facility usage jar water, then it should meet the national
standards for processed drinking water and for tanker water it should follow the
“Tanker Directive 2073”.
 Sanitation
o Improved toilets – this relates with having the adequate, functional and accessible
improved sanitation facilities for all and these facilities should be child, gender and
disable friendly
o Cleaning and maintenance of toilets – a regular cleaning and maintenance schedule
should be in place to ensure its cleanliness and functionality at all times
 Hygiene
o Requirement to have functional hand hygiene facility which are available in all
critical times and areas
 This guideline also provides the water quality standards with quality of water to be supplied,
water quantity required in terms of per people, per patient and their caretaker as well as
sanitation standards required in terms of no. of sanitation facilities based on location inside
the premise with disaggregated no. based on gender, toilets, urinals, hand washing and
disabled toilets.
 In spite of this standard document has detailed explanation and tables for WASH related
requirements in a health care facility does not have any section on drainage of storm water or
wastewater management with its treatment.
Please refer the documents in the annex for detailed information.

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3. EXISTING STATUS OF DHULIKHEL HOSPITAL
3.1 Water Supply
3.1.1 Water Source
Dhulikel Hospital currently usages both pipe supply and ground water sources to provide water for
drinking as well as other purposes. There are two pipe supplies to the hospital premise, one is
municipal city supply and other one is direct supply from a spring source in the nearby forest area
called Thulo Ban. Also, the hospital gets underground water from two deep boring and one shallow
well. The following table 4 presents all the water sources with their details.
Table 5: Type of Water Source Currently being used at Dhulikhel Hospital
Particulars
Source Name
City supply
Thulo Ban
Source Deep Boring 1 Deep Boring 2 Shallow well
Code C1 C2 U1 U2 S1
Source Type River Spring Underground Underground Underground
Discharge 0.68 LPS 0.39 LPS 0.56 LPS 0.56 LPS 0.12 LPS
Depth NA NA 150 m 200m 12 m
Construction
year NA NA 2075 BS 2072 BS 2070 BS
Uses
Drinking/WAS
H Drinking/WASH
Drinking/WAS
H
Drinking/WAS
H
Vehicle
WASH
Source
Availability All seasons All seasons All seasons All seasons All seasons
Water Pump size NA NA 10 HP 10 HP 2 HP
Water Supply
pipe 1 0.75 2 2 1
Note:
Around 2000 liter/day/tap water is also supplied via city line i.e., 3 taps in RVT 2 and 1 tap (0.5) directly to
main building tank.
3 small taps around 0.1 liter per second
3.1.2 Water distribution network
Reservoirs, RVT 1 and RVT 2, Located at Krishi Samagri Godam collect around 50,000 ltr/day
from Dhulikhel city water supply via 1 PPR pipe and around 34,000 ltr/day from Thulo ban spring
water via 0.75 GI pipe. Reservoirs, RVT 3 at Dental block and RVT 4 collect around 45,000 ltr/day
each from deep boring 1 and 2 via 2 CPVC pipe and 2 PPR pipe respectively. The water from
RVT4 is pumped to OPD block and E+W wirth hostel via 1 CPVC pipe and to RVT1 2 via 1.5
PVC pipe. Sometimes the water from RVT3 is also pumped to RVT4 via 1.5 PVC pipe (RVT5 acts
as mediator between these two RVTs) when water is scarred.

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RVT 1 2 distributes the water via 2 GI pipe to junction 1 from which the water passes to Main
hospital building complex (117) via 1.5 GI pipe and to lab Patho block (2) via 1 CPVC and GI
pipe. The 1.5 GI pipe circulates through the main block at each level dividing into 1 GI pipe as
shown in figure below. The 1 CPVC pipe transfer water to Moni Pati building (3) from lab Patho
block. The water from northeast side of main building distributes to 1 GI pipe to Radiology block
(21) staff kitchen (4) and west side to laundry, multipurpose, Pathsala mini canteen and staff
quarter via another 1 GI pipeline and also southeast side to pediatrics block via 1.5 GI pipe. At the
final point of use, all the pipelines get reduced to 0.5 pipe to maintain the pressure flow. All these
buildings do not contain overhead tank and RVT 1 2 passes water directly using pressure flow.
RVT 5 passes the water to new ward extension building overhead tank using 1 CPVC pipe. RVT 3
pumps water to overhead tanks of dental block (22) via 1CPVC pipe and/to women center (24) via
1.5 PVC pipe and/to Forensic block via 1 CPVC in northwest channel. While another channel
passes from RVT 3 in south west direction to skill lab block and to junction point which separates to
Japanese hostel resident house and next junction which also separates to Luxemburg Holland
house and finally class block all via 1 GI pipe to their overhead tank. The overhead tank then passes
to different WASH facility at different level of building via 1 GI pipe.
The details of the pipe network are presented in Annex – X of this report. The overall pipe network
for drinking water is presented is following figure.
Figure 2: Water supply sources, tanks and pipe network

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3.1.3. Water storage:
Dhulikhel hospital premise has about 20 different capacity of water storage tanks used for supplying
both drinking water and other purpose water. These tanks are also of different types viz. concrete
tanks, metal tanks and poly tank. All these tanks are used to perform various purposes of collection,
storage and distribution.
Most of concrete tanks are used and functioning basically as reservoir tank to collect the both pipe as
well as ground water supply. And all other metal and poly tanks are installed at the individual
building to collect and supply water coming from the reservoir tank as well as in some cases direct
pipe supply from source.
In total the total collection and storage capacity of these tanks is about 700 cubic meters ( seven
hundred thousand liters). The details of all these tanks are provided in the Table 6.
Table 6: Detail of various water collection tank
Tank
No
Building
No.
Building Name and
Location
Capacity
of
Tank(Lts)
No of
Tanks
Total
Capacity(
Lts)
Construction
Material Remarks
1 n/a Near Krishi Samagri
Godam 160,000
1
160,000
RCC circular
Tank
RVT 1
2 n/a Near Krishi Samagri
Godam 60,000
1
60,000
RCC circular
Tank
RVT 2
3 n/a Nearby Dental Block
300,000
1
300,000
RCC
rectangular
Tank
RVT3
4 n/a Back of OPD Block,
Generator house
Parking
50,000
1
50,000
RCC
rectangular
Tank
RVT 4
5 n/a New Ward Extension
(ENT) 50,000
1
50,000
Underground /
RCC
Rectangular
RVT 5
6 1 17 Main Hospital Building
Complex 5,000
2
10,000
Stainless Steel
Tank
7 15 Skill lab cum
Academic Block 2,000
4
8,000
HDPE Poly
tank
8 18a Students Hostel
(Japanese Hostel) 1,000
2
2,000
HDPE Poly
tank
9 18b Girls Hostel (Holland
House) 1,000
2
2,000
HDPE Poly
tank
10 18c Youth Hostel
(Luxemberg House) 1,000
2
2,000
HDPE Poly
tank
11 19 DMI Building/ Class
Block 500
2
1,000
HDPE Poly
tank
12 22 Dental Block
5,000
1
5,000
HDPE Poly
tank
13 23 Margit Pathsala
Building 5,000
1
5,000
HDPE Poly
tank
14 24 Women Center
2,000
6
12,000
HDPE Poly
tank
15 24 Women Center
5,000
1
5,000
HDPE Poly
tank
16 8, 14
25
OPD Block
1,000
13
13,000
HDPE Poly
tank

Hydrological Survey Report for Building Trauma and Emergency Medical Center at Dhulikhel Hospital
in Nepal
17 26 Resident House
1,000
2
2,000
HDPE Poly
tank
18 n/a E+W wirth Hostel
5,000
1
5,000
HDPE Poly
tank
19 n/a Forensic Building
premises 1,000
2
2,000
HDPE Poly
tank
20 n/a New Ward Extension
(ENT) 5,000
2
10,000
HDPE Poly
tank
TOTAL
704,000
Note: RVT 1- 60,000 ltr and RVT 2- 160,000 ltr (Main RVT tanks); RVT @ OPD
block- 50,000ltr; RVT @ New Ward Extension-50,000ltr RVT @ Dental- 300,000 ltr
Note: Laundary have 2 big washing machines which consumes 50,000 ltr per day in
total.
Note: Around 1,100 -1,200 students have regular classes in dhulikhel hospital.
Note: Working Shift Morning (7am-3pm); Evening (12 pm- 7pm) Night (7pm-7am)
and normal day shift (8am -4pm)
3.1.4 Water demand
For the calculation of the water demand for Dhulikhel hospital, information such as no. of
beds, no. of staffs, capacity of quarter and hostels were collected from the hospital authority.
This information was disaggregated based on the various water demand range provided in the
national WASH standards in health care facility to calculate the total water demand per day.
As per the calculation carried out in the following Table 7, the total water demand per day is
about 220 cubic meters per day (two hundred twenty thousand litres per day). The total water
supplied from pipe supply and underground water sources were calculated about 191 cubic
meters per day (one hundred ninety-one thousand litres per day). This shows the water supply
is about 13% less than the required demand to meet the water requirements.
Table 7: Calculation of Water Demand in Dhulikhel Hospital
S
N
Description No.
Water
deman
d
(lpcd)
Total
Deman
d
(litres
/day)
Remarks
1
Staffs ( doctor, nurses, technicians
and administration on shift basis) 400 60 24,000
Total 1200 staffs
working in 3
shifts
2 In-Patient
2.1 Medicine and Surgery 155 100 15,500
2.2 Other Beds 320 60 19,200
2.3
Total Care taker @ one attendant
per in patient 475 60 28,500
Total In patient Demand 63,200
3 Out patient

in Nepal
3.1 Average Daily Out patient 305 5 1,525
3.2
Total Care taker @ one attendant
per out patient 305 5 1,525
Total Out Patient Demand 3,050
4 Quarter/hostels and Guard House 204 100 20,400
5 Daily Laundry Demand 2 25,000 50,000
6 Students
1,15
0 20 23,000
Total water demand 183,650
Unpredictable usage 10% 18,365
Leakage and wastage
during use 10% 18,365
Total present water demand 220,380
3.1.2 Water Quality
The samples collected from the 4 water supply sources, 2 each from municipal supply and
deep boring were analyzed based on the various physical, chemical and bacteriological
parameters as listed in the TOR.
Water quality analyses values of different parameter with respect to the NDWQS 2005
permissible limits are presented in the Table 8 and original laboratory reports provided are
presented in the Annex – X of this report.

in Nepal
Table 8: Water quality analysis report
S.
N
Sample
Source City Supply
City
Supply
Deep
Boring
Deep
Boring
NDWQS
Location
Municipal
Water
Supply
Thulo Ban
Spring
Water Near Dental Near OPD
Sample Code C1 C2 U2 U1
Sample ID 1198 1199 1200 1201
A Physico- Chemical Analysis
1 Aluminium ND(0.05) ND(0.05) - - 0.2
2 Ammonia ND(0.05) 1.69 ND(0.05) ND(0.05) 1.5
3 Arsenic ND(0.005) ND(0.005) ND(0.005) ND(0.005) 0.05
4 Cadmium ND(0.003) ND(0.003) - - 0.003
5 Calcium 42.5 4.01 30.5 39.3 200.0
6 Chloride 9.0 3.0 - - 250
7 Colour ND(5) 5.3 ND(5) ND(5) 5 (15)
8 Copper ND(0.02) ND(0.02) - - 1
9 Cyanide ND(0.05) ND(0.05) - - 0.07
10
Electrical
Conductivity 230 56 252 311
1500
11 Fluoride ND(0.50) ND(0.50) ND(0.50) ND(0.50) 0.5 - 1.5
12 FRC 1 ND(0.10) ND(0.10) ND(0.10) 0.1 - 0.2
13 Iron ND(0.05) ND(0.05) ND(0.05) 0.20 0.3 (3)
14 Lead ND(0.01) ND(0.01) - - 0.01
15 Manganese ND(0.05) ND(0.05) ND(0.05) ND(0.05) 0.2
16 Mercury ND(0.005) ND(0.005) 0.00
17 Nitrate 5.8 0.4 ND(0.2) ND(0.2) 50
18
Odour
No Odour No Odour No Odour No Odour
Not
objectionable
19 pH 8.13 7.15 7.92 8.08 6.5 - 8.5
20 Sulphate 5.1 1.0 - - 250
21
Taste
Non
objectionable
Non
objectionabl
e
Non
objectionabl
e
Non
objectionabl
e
Not
objectionable
22
Total Dissolved
Solids 177 33 - - 1000
23 Total Chromium ND(0.02) ND(0.02) - - 0.05
24 Total Hardness 130.6 14.3 110.2 126.5 500
25 Turbidity ND(1.0) 5.4 ND(1.0) 8.8 5 (10)
26 Zinc ND(0.05) ND(0.05) - - 3
B Microbiological Analysis
27 E.coli 0 496 0 0 0
28 Total Coliform 0 TNTC 110 4 0
Analysis of the water quality test result above shows that almost all the parameters of
physical and chemical aspects are less than the permissible limits as per the NDWQS 2005
standard values. Only the microbiological parameters of e.coli and total coliform exceeds the
NDWQS 2005 permissible values. This shows in all four water sources the pertaining issue is

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the bacteriological pollution. Also, this is one time sampling of the sources and to verify their
upper and lower observation values, seasonal sampling should be also be carried out.
The results also point out to the need of purification of water to make it safe for consumption.
For this the basic water purification method of using either bleaching powder or 1% chlorine
solution should be used in water reservoir tank.
The scanned copy of original report are attached in Annex of this report.
3.2 Sanitation and Waste Water Management
3.2.1 Existing sanitation facilities
The following Table X presents the disaggregated information on no. and various types of
toilets and hand washing facility in different buildings inside the hospital premise.
Table 9: Details of sanitation facilities
S.
N.
Buildin
g
No.
Building Name
No.
of
Sto
rey
Toilets wash-basins
No of
taps
1 1 17
Main Hospital Building
Complex 5.5 28 T1s, 1 T2, 4 T4s, 1 MT2, 51 WBs 132
2 2
Laboratory Patho
Block 2 2 T1s, 1 MT1 and 1 FT3 15
3 3 Moni Pati Building 2 1 T3 and 1 T1 5
4
4, 5
10
Staff Kitchen, Pharmacy
Toilet 1.5
1 T1, 1 T2 and 1 WB
6
5 6 Staffs Quarter 2 8 T2s and 8 WBs 32
6
7, 9, 12
13
Laundry, Maintenance
and Toilet 3
1 T1
2
7 11 Guard House 1 ─ 0
8 15
Skill lab cum Academic
Block 3 2 T1s, 2 MP1s, 3 MP2s, 2 FP1s, 3 FP2s 122
9 16 Multipurpose Building 3 2 T1s, 1 T2 7
10 18a
Students Hostel
(Japanese Hostel) 2.5 2 FT4s, 8 WBs and 1 T2 16
11 18b
Girls Hostel (Holland
House) 2.5 2 FT4s, 8 WBs and 1 T2 16
12 18c
Youth Hostel
(Luxemburg House) 2.5 2 FT4s, 8 WBs and 1 T2 16
13 19
DMI Building/ Class
Block 3
1 T1; M-3 Commodes, 5 urinals 2 WBs; F-4
commodes 2 WBs 18
14 20
Pediatrics Ward and
Premises 3 1 T1, 4 MT1, 4 FT2and 10 WBs 52
15 21 Radiology Block 3 3 T2 and 9 WBs 18
16 22 Dental Block 3 9 T1s, 4 MT3, 4 FT2, 9 WBs and 50 DCs 125
17 23 Margit Pathsala Building 2.5 1 MT2 and 1 FT2 10
18 24 Women Center 7
17 T1s, 6 T2s, 1 T3, 10 T4s,1 MT1, 1 MT2, 1
FT1, 1 FT2, 1 FT3 and 16 WBs 135
19
8, 14
25
OPD Block, Generator
house Parking 8
25 T1s, 6 T2s, 4 T3, 8 MT1, 8 FT3 and 83 WBs
251

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20 26 Resident House 2 8 T2s and 8 WBs 32
21 27
Mini Canteen (Beside
Pathsala) 1 ─ 0
22 ─ E+W wirth Hostel 2 8 T2s and 8 WBs 32
23 ─
Forensic Building
premises 2.5
10 T1s, 10 commodes, 4 urinals, 8 WBs and 4
showers 46
24 ─
New Ward Extension
(ENT) 1 2 T1s 4
TOTAL 1092
3.2.2 Drainage and storm water management
As the site is in the hilly terrain, it consists of small water ways which collects the storm
water and acts also as drainage. Almost all of the buildings in the hospital have triangular
roofs which collect the storm water and flows through drainage system. The buildings have
been surrounded by the drainage channels of 1 feet width. The road and walkways also
consist of storm water drainage in either of the side i.e., mostly in wall side. Most of the
drainage travels to the outfall site around the Dhulikhel hospital playground expect the
hostels blocks (18) and meets the agricultural lands on the downstream area.
Drains that are located in the Dhulikhel hospital are open channel and are constructed around
the buildings. The drains in the block 24 and 25 are connected to the sewer network nearby
which ultimately is discharged into the Raj Kulo. Where the drains of new ward building and
block 19, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 21 are connected to minor kulo in the premises. And from the
remaining buildings the drains are connected to DEWATS via sewers.
3.2.3 Sewer network for wastewater conveyance
 Connected building to treatment plant network
Combined sewerage system is present in the hospital. However, due to ominous
operation and maintenance, the water overflow from the drains. Two of the buildings
in block 18 (Hostels) and Forensic block are connected to septic tanks whereas block
10 (Toilet), 24 (Women Center) and 25 (OPD Block) are connected to the Raj Kulo
nearby. Remaining all blocks are connected to the DEWATS.
 Network with outfall
Dhulikhel hospital being surrounded by agricultural land, Raj Kulo flows right from
the middle of the hospital. Wastewater flowing from the OPD block, E+W, block 10
and Women center is connected to this Raj Kulo. Also, after the treatment of
wastewater from DEWATS, it is connected to the Raj Kulo near the block 24. One of
the Raj Kulo originates from the OPD department and flows towards the E+W block
and then towards the west where it meets the outfall located near the round road
junction towards south west. The other Raj Kulo is located towards the west of the

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block 24. This Raj Kulo conveys the treated wastewater from DEWATS and
wastewater from the block 24.
3.2.4 Wastewater generation
The total wastewater generation from all the buildings in the Dhuikhel hospital is calculated
to be around 176 cum./day (One hundred seventy-six thousand liters per day) in total. And it
is calculated that about 100 cum./day is treated using the decentralized wastewater treatment
system and about 18.48 cum/day is directly discharged into the Raj Kulo from OPD block
and women’s center without any treatment.
Figure 3: Drainage and wastewater conveyance network
3.2.5 Wastewater treatment
DEWATS (Decentralized Waste Water Treatment) is a specific approach to manage
decentralized wastewater treatment. DEWATS depends on a bunch of treatment standards the
choice of which has been dictated by their unwavering quality, life span, resistance towards
inflow variance, and in particular, on the grounds that these treatment standards forgo the
requirement for modern control and support. DEWATS is proposed to be affordable, low
upkeep, use of locally available materials, and meet the standards set by the local laws.
DEWATS utilizes four treatment systems:
 Sedimentation and Primary treatment in septic tanks

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 Secondary anaerobic treatment in baffled septic tanks (Anaerobic Baffle Reactor).
 Tertiary aerobic/anaerobic treatment in wetlands and sludge drying beds.
Treatment plant was initially designed for 200KL but the infrastructures required for the
200KL has not been completed yet. For time being, only 100KL wastewater has been
discharged to treatment plant since its capacity for now is 100KL.
3.2.5.1 Wastewater characteristic and treatment efficiency
Four wastewater samples were collected from the Dhulikhel hospital for the characterization
study. Two samples collected were from inlet (raw wastewater before treatment) and outlet
(after treatment) of the decentralized wastewater treatment system. And the remaining two
samples were collected from the sewer outfalls from where wastewater is discharged without
any treatment.
 Wastewater analysis before and after
The following table presents the results of all the wastewater samples analyzed and compared
with the available wastewater discharge permissible limits into inland water bodies.
Table 10: Wastewater quality analysis report
S.
N
Sample
Source
Inlet of
DEWATS
Outlet of
DEWATS
Outlet of Women
Center
Outlet of
OPD Permissi
ble
Limits
Sample Code WW-1 WW-2 WW-3 WW-4
Sample ID 1202 1203 1204 1205
1 Arsenic ND(0.005) ND(0.005) ND(0.005)
ND(0.005
)
0.2
2 BOD 175 78 88 116 50
3 Cadmium ND(0.003) ND(0.003) ND(0.003)
ND(0.003
)
2
4 COD 286.72 120.32 143.36 245.76 250
5 Dissolved oxygen 0.6 1.2 0.6 1.6
6 Fluoride 0.322 0.454 0.423 0.222 2
7 Iron 2.2032 1.0832 1.5244 2.7435
8 Lead ND(0.01) ND(0.01) ND(0.01) ND(0.01) 0.1
9 Manganese 0.7529 0.6308 0.5426 1.3599
10 Mercury ND(0.005) ND(0.005) ND(0.005)
ND(0.005
)
0.01
11 Nitrogen-Ammonia 30.25 33.75 33.1 25.8 50
12 Nitrogen-Nitrate 1.56 0.834 1.014 2.134
13 Nitrogen-Nitrite 0.0556 0.0628 0.0778 0.1463
14 Oil and Grease 22 8.4 19.6 3 10
15 Total Chromium ND(0.02) ND(0.02) ND(0.02) ND(0.02)
16
Total coliform
(cfu/mL)
230*10^3 780*10^1 165*10^2 500*10^3
17
Total Plate Count
(cfu/mL)
140*10^4 185*10^4 840*10^3 640*10^3

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The results of the wastewater analysis shows that most of the parameters are within the
permissible limits outline in the generic standard for wastewater effluent to be discharged. It
was seen that the BOD and COD values were above the standard permissible limits not only
in raw wastewater but after treatment too, this shows the wastewater effluents as well as
wastewater from outfalls cannot be discharged without proper treatment. This also shows that
the wastewater treatment plant is not functioning in its full operational capacity and its needs
some operation and maintenance for proper functioning.
The scanned copy of original report is attached in Annex of this report.
3.2.6 Agricultural chemical expected locally
One sample was collected from the out let of the treatment system to test for agricultural
chemical to be expected. During the analysis trace concentration were found for residue of
degraded forms of Organochlorine/ Carbamate pesticides. The following table presents the
result of analysis carried out.
Table 11: Agriculture chemical residue test results
S.N
Sample
Source Outlet of DEWATS Permissible
Sample Code WW-2 Limits
Sample ID 1206
1 Organochlorine Pesticides µg/L ND(50.0) Absent
2 Organophosphorus Pesticides µg/L ND(50.0) Absent
3 Carbamates Pesticides µg/L ND(50.0) Absent
4 Synthetic Pyrethroate Pesticides µg/L ND(50.0) Absent
5 Total Nitrogen mg/L 37.32
6 Total Phosphorus mg/L 2.574
7 Sodium mg/L 40.27
8 Potassium mg/L 15.35
The scanned copy of original report is attached in Annex of this report.
3.3 Water and Wastewater Generation from proposed Trauma Centre
A 200-bed capacity new trauma center under development phase and this study is to carry out
whether the required quantity of water to be supplied from existing sources can meet the
demand as well as if the wastewater generated can be treated in the existing decentralized
wastewater treatment system (DEWATS).
The following table presents the water demand as well as wastewater that can be generated
from the proposed trauma center.

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Table 12: Water demand and wastewater generation for proposed trauma center
SN Description ( Trauma Centre) No.
Water
demand
(lpcd)
Total
Demand
(litres
/day)
Remarks
1
Staffs ( doctor, nurses, technicians and
administration on shift basis) for 200
Beds 200 51 10,105
Water demand per bed is
calculated from the
average water demand for
475 beds in main hospital
building
2 In-Patient
2.1 Total Bed 200 60 12,000
2.2
Total Care taker @ one attendant per
in patient 200 60 12,000
Total In patient Demand 24,000
Total water demand 34,105
Unpredictable usage 10% 3,411
Leakage and wastage during
use 10% 3,411
Total water demand in Trauma Centre (L) 40,926
Total wastewater Generation from Trauma Centre (L) 32,741 80% of water demand
In the above table, the total water demand is about 41 cubic meters per day, which is about
21% of current water supply capacity from the existing water source in use. The current water
demand is 220 cubic meters per day and the demand for proposed trauma center is about 19%
more. And this extra demand cannot be met by the existing water sources being used. So, for
the water to be supplied to the proposed trauma center, it can be done in two ways. First
option is to connect a new connection to the city supply line from near the location of trauma
center and second one is to construct a deep boring at the location W2 and W3 as mentioned
in the EDM section in the following section of this report.
And for the wastewater part, the wastewater generation based on the water demand is about
33 cubic meters per day, which is about one-third of the capacity of DEWATS unit (the
treatment capacity being 100 cubic meters per day). So, in case of wastewater treatment, a
separate wastewater treatment system should be either constructed for DEWATS system or
installed in case of mechanized, compact and modular mechanized wastewater treatment
system.
3.4 Electric Detection (Prospecting) Method
The electric detection (prospecting) method (EDM) was carried out in the 3 locations as per
the location map provided and as per the TOR. The key findings of carrying out EDM are
presented in the following section.
Key findings of EDM survey carried out:
 Geophysical survey using 2D ERT is carried out around the Dhulikhel hospital
revealed that study area is covered by top dry residual sandy soil with silts and clay

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and cultivated residual soil. The study area consists of fractured and weathered
Metasandstone, which is good for ground water storage.
 The geological, hydrological and electric resistivity survey suggests that the study
area is composed of layers of highly weathered and fractured meta-sandstone, which
acts as a good aquifer materials.
 The ERT results showed there are fractured and weathered rocks, which are favorable
for movement and storage of groundwater.
 The presence of highly weathered rock or coarse sediment materials at shallow depth
and fractured rock below depth of around 30 m depth around location of W2 and W3
indicates good potential of groundwater for exploitation on that area.
 Presence of partly fractured to competent/ hard metasandstone rock at shallow depth
of around 25 to 30 m from the surface towards the location of W1 shows the less
possibility of groundwater on that area
 It is recommended to drill deep well up to 150 m depth by using DTH Machine.
Please refer the Annex for EDM activity carried out.
Figure 4: EDM study line and recommended drill location

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CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS
Based upon assessment findings, some of category wise conclusions with recommendations
are listed below:
 Water quantity and quality
o The water source currently being used in the Dhulikhel hospital is meeting the
water demand from its water, sanitation and hygiene requirements.
o The water quality is meet the national drinking water quality standards 2005
permissible limits for all the parameters except the bacteriological parameters.
o So, there is requirement for using water purification for improving the
bacteriological water quality for zero level of e.coli
 Sewer network
o There are many sewer lines constructed in different time with the expansion of
the Dhulikhel hospital but its records were not maintained properly with
information such as pipe size, its connection to main sewer line etc.
o In some cases, it was impossible to track down the connection from individual
buildings to the sewer network
 Wastewater quantity and quality
o The wastewater assessment results shows that wastewater quality parameters
such as BOD, COD and oil and grease were higher the permissible limits in
raw wastewater.
o The wastewater treatment plant treated effluent also have BOD and COD
parameter above the permissible limits as in generic standard.
o All the wastewater generated from the buildings are not connected to the
decentralized wastewater treatment plant and is not treated, in some instances,
the two outfalls directly discharge the untreated wastewater into the natural
water course.
o Also the wastewater treatment plant is not functional in its full operational
capacity which can be seen in wastewater quality in raw and treated
wastewater specially in parameter such as BOD and COD values.
 Electric detection method
o Hence the area has good groundwater potential. Presence of deep seated
saturated fractured rock aquifer towards the location of option 2 and 3 shows
the good possibility to extract groundwater on the study area. Location of
Chainage (320 m to 510 m) of ERT-1 profile is suitable for the extraction of
ground water on the study area.
 Proposed trauma center

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o As the water demand of this proposed trauma center is additional 21% more
water, this extra demand cannot be met by the existing water sources.
o The water demand for the proposed trauma center can be met either by a new
connection to the city piped supply or by installing a new deep tube well in
location W2 or W3.
o Similarly, the wastewater generation of the proposed trauma center is about
one-third more to the existing capacity of the DEWATS unit, which is
designed at 100 cubic meters per day. Hence, the existing DEWATS system
cannot handle the extra wastewater volume to be treated.
o So, for wastewater treatment either a new DEWATS unit has to be designed
and constructed or a mechanized compact and modular mechanized
wastewater treatment system should be installed.

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Annexes

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Annex 1: Site Visit Photographs
Water supply sources and infrastructures
Spring source 1 City supply source
Deep Boring Source 1 Deep Boring Source 2
Pumping accessories of lift Pumping accessories of lift

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RVT 1 RVT 2 Water distribution main line from RVT 1 2
Combined
RVT 3 RVT 4
RVT 5 Overhead tanks in buildings

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Water and Wastewater sampling
Drinking water sample from City water Drinking water sample from Spring source
thulo ban
Sample Deep boring source 1 Sample Deep boring source 2
Wastewater sample at inlet of DEWATS Wastewater sample from outlet of DEWATS

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Wastewater sample from outfall of
women’s center
Wastewater outlet sample from outfall of
OPD
Sewer network and storm water drainage
Manhole of sewerage Sewer pipe
Storm water Storm water drain

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Outfall of women’s center Outfall of OPD
Septic Tank Septic Tank
Sewer line Drain

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DEWATS DEWATS
ABR ( Components of DEWATS) SDB CW( Components of DEWATS)
WASH facilities

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Water Filter Handwashing station
Urinal Toilet
Drinking water Cleaning utensils

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Location and data acquisition of ERT-1
Data acquisition of ERT-1

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Location and data acquisition of ERT-3
Cable layout by survey assistants

Annex 2 : Laboratory Test Result
S.N. Distribution from Distributed to
Pipe
size
Pipe
Type
Remarks
Distribution from RVT 1 RVT 2
1
Outlet from RVT 1
RVT 2
2 GI
Directly from main RVT and No
OHT
2 RVT1 RVT2 Main Hospital Building Comple(1 17) 1.5 GI
OHT
3 RVT1 RVT2 Laboratory Patho Block(2) 1
GI /
CPVC
OHT
4 RVT1 RVT2 Moni Pati Building( 3) 1 CPVC
OHT
5 RVT1 RVT2 Radiology Block( 21) Staff Kitchen (4) 1 GI
OHT
6 RVT1 RVT2
Laundry(7) , Multipurpose(16), Pathsala (23), Mini canteen(27), staff
quarter(6)
1 GI
OHT
7 RVT1 RVT2 Pediatric block (20) 1.5 GI
OHT
Distribution from RVT 3
8 Outlet from RVT3 2 CPVC
9 RVT 3 Dental Block(22) 1 CPVC From Roof top Overhead tank
10 RVT 3 Women center(24) 1.5 HDPE From Roof top Overhead tank
11 RVT 3 Forensic Block 1 CPVC From Roof top Overhead tank
12 RVT 3
Japenese Hostel(18a), resident house(26), Luxemburg(18b)
Holland(18c) , DMI Building/ Class Block(19)
1 GI From Roof top Overhead tank
13 RVT 3 RVT 5 1.5 HDPE Main line for emergency / backup
14 Outlet from RVT4 1.5 CPVC
15 RVT 4 OPD(8,14 25) 1 CPVC From Roof top Overhead tank
16 RVT 4 E+W Wirth Hostel 1 CPVC From Roof top Overhead tank
17 RVT 4 RVT 1 2 1.5 PVC Main line for emergency / backup
18 Outlet from RVT5 1.5 CPVC
19 RVT 5 RVT 4 1.5 HDPE Main line for emergency / backup
20 RVT5 New Ward Extension (ENT) 1 CPVC From Roof top Overhead tank

S NO Building No./ Code Building Name Outlet connected to Remarks
1 1 17 Main Hospital Building Complex DEWATS
2 2 Laboratory Patho Block DEWATS
3 3 Moni Pati Building DEWATS
4 4, 5 10 Staff Kitchen, Pharmacy Toilet DEWATS
5 6 Staffs Quarter DEWATS
6 7, 9, 12 13 Laundary, Maintenance and Toilet DEWATS
7 11 Guard House No wash Facility
8 15 Skill lab cum Academic Block DEWATS
9 16 Multipurpose Building DEWATS
10 18a Students Hostel (Japanese Hostel) DEWATS
11 18b Girls Hostel (Holland House) Septic Tank
12 18c Youth Hostel (Luxemberg House) Septic Tank
13 19 DMI Building/ Class Block DEWATS
14 20 Pediatrics Ward and Premises DEWATS
15 21 Radiology Block DEWATS
16 22 Dental Block DEWATS
17 23 Margit Pathsala Building DEWATS
18 24 Women Center Raaj kulo Outfall
19 8, 14 25 OPD Block, Generator house Parking Raaj kulo Outfall
20 26 Resident House DEWATS
21 27 Mini Canteen (Beside Pathsala) No wash Facility
22 ─ E+W wirth Hostel DEWATS
23 ─ Forensic Building premises Septic Tank
24 ─ New Ward Extension (ENT) DEWATS

Wastewater Calculation
S No Building outlet connected to Raj Kulo
Total Water Demands
Remarks
No Daily Demand Tota water demand
1 OPD Building
Bed 59 60 3540
Staff 93 60 5580
Average Daily Out patient 305 5 1525
Total Care taker @ one attendant per out patient 305 5 1525
12170
2 Womens centre
Bed 80 60 4800
Staff 38 60 2280
7080
19250
Unpredictable usage 10% 1925
Leakage and wastage during use 10% 1925
Total present water demand 23100
Total Waste water generated = 80% of water demand) 18480 Lts
18.48 Cum
Total Water Demand 220380 Lts
Total Wastewater Generated as per demand 176304 Lts
Volume of Wastewater in cum 176.304 cum
Total Wastewater treated in DEWATS for now 100 Cum
Total Wastewater from OPD and Womens Center ( Discharged to Raj Kulo) 18.48 Cum

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S
NO
Distribution
from
Distributed to
Pipe
size
Pipe
Type
Remarks
Distribution from RVT 1 RVT 2
1
Outlet from RVT
1 RVT 2
2 GI
Directly from main RVT
and No OHT
2 RVT1 RVT2
Main Hospital Building Comple(1
17)
1.5 GI
and No OHT
3 RVT1 RVT2 Laboratory Patho Block(2) 1
GI /
CPVC
and No OHT
4 RVT1 RVT2 Moni Pati Building( 3) 1 CPVC
and No OHT
5 RVT1 RVT2
Radiology Block( 21) Staff Kitchen
(4)
1 GI
and No OHT
6 RVT1 RVT2
Laundry(7) , Multipurpose(16),
Pathsala (23), Mini
canteen(27),staff quarter(6)
1 GI
and No OHT
7 RVT1 RVT2 Pediatric block (20) 1.5 GI
and No OHT
8
Outlet from
RVT3
2 CPVC
9 RVT 3 Dental Block(22) 1 CPVC
From Roof top Overhead
tank
10 RVT 3 Women center(24) 1.5 HDPE
tank
11 RVT 3 Forensic Block 1 CPVC
tank
12 RVT 3
Japenese Hostel(18a),resident
house(26), Luxemburg(18b)
Holland(18c) ,DMI Building/ Class
Block(19)
1 GI
tank
13 RVT 3 RVT 5 1.5 HDPE
Main line for emergency /
backup
14
Outlet from
RVT4
1.5 CPVC
15 RVT 4 OPD(8,14 25) 1 CPVC
tank
16 RVT 4 E+W Wirth Hostel 1 CPVC
tank
17 RVT 4 RVT 1 2 1.5 PVC
backup
18
Outlet from
RVT5
1.5 CPVC
19 RVT 5 RVT 4 1.5 HDPE
backup
20 RVT5 New Ward Extension (ENT) 1 CPVC
tank

New Baneshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal
P.O.Box: 4102
Phone: +977-1-5244641, 01-5244609
Fax: +977-1-5244376
Email: lab@enpho.org
Website: www.enpho.org
Eco Concern Pvt. Ltd.
Chapagaun Rd, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
P.O.Box: 3456
Phone: +977-1-5244301, 01-5151358
Email: info@ecoconcern.com.np
Website: ecoconcern.com.np
ENPHO/QR/5.10.2.1/04/ 2077-078
Sample Analysis Report
Lab Sample ID: 1198[077-078]
Client: Inclusive Consultants Pvt. Ltd. Sample Category: Drinking water
Client Address: Sitapaila, Kathmandu Sample Location: Dhulikhel , Dhulikhel Municipality, Kabhrepalanchok
Received On: Friday, June 18, 2021 Point of Sample Collection: Tap
Completed On: Monday, June 28, 2021 Source of Sample: City supply
Sampled By: Lab Staff
Client's Sample Code: C1 (Dhulikhel Municipality Water Supply) Treated/Untreated: Untreated
Sample Volume and Condition: 3625mL and Ice Box, Sample Bottle from
Lab
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Parameters Unit Result Standard Test Methods
*Cyanide mg/L ND(0.05) 0.07 APHA, AWWA, WEF, 4500-CN E, 23rd Edition
*Taste TFN Non-Objectionable - APHA, AWWA, WEF, 2160 B, 23rd Edition
Aluminium mg/L ND(0.05) 0.2 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3500-Al B
Ammonia mg/L ND(0.05) 1.5 APHA, AWWA, WPCF (1985), 417 B
Arsenic mg/L ND(0.005) 0.05 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3114 C
Cadmium mg/L ND(0.003) 0.003 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3111 B
Calcium mg/L 42.5 200 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3500-Ca B
Chloride mg/L 9.0 250 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 4500-Cl- B
Colour TCU ND(5) 5(15) APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 2120 B
Copper mg/L ND(0.02) 1 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3111 B
E. coli CFU/100mL 0 0 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 9222
Electrical Conductivity µS/cm 230 1500 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 2510 B
Fluoride mg/L ND(0.50) 0.5-1.5 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 4500-F D
Free Residual Chlorine mg/L 1.00 0.1-0.2 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 4500-Cl- B
Iron mg/L ND(0.05) 0.3(3) APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3111 B
Lead mg/L ND(0.01) 0.01 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3111 B
Manganese mg/L ND(0.05) 0.2 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3111 B
Mercury mg/L ND(0.001) 0.001 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3112 B
Nitrate mg/L 5.8 50 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 4500-NO3¯ B
Odour TON No Odour Observed - APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 2150 B
pH - 8.13 6.5-8.5 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 4500-H B
Sulphate mg/L 5.1 250 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 4500-Sulphate D
Total Chromium mg/L ND(0.020) 0.05 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3111 B
Total Coliform CFU/100mL 0 0 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 9222
Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 177 1000 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 2540 C
Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/L 130.6 500 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 2340 C
Turbidity NTU ND(1.0) 5(10) APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 2130 B
Zinc mg/L ND(0.05) 3 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3111 B
Remarks:
Parameters not meeting National Drinking Water Quality Standards (2062 B.S.) at the time of analysis :
Fluoride Free Residual Chlorine
ENPHO Laboratory Accredited by NEPAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS AND METROLOGY (NBSM), Govt. of Nepal, Accreditation No. Pra. 05/057-058
References: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 23 Edition, APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017).
Standard= National Drinking Water Quality Standards (2062 B.S.)
*Sub-contracted to other accredited lab.
() : Maximum Concentration Limit ND : Not Detected
CFU- Colony Forming Unit NTU- Nephelometric Turbidity Unit TCU- True Colour Unit TON- Threshold Odour Number
Result with '' indicate that the concentration was below the detection limit. The limit is indicated by the number following '' sign.
ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH ORGANIZATION
ENPHO LABORATORY
(Govt. Reg. 108/047/048, SWC Reg. 283/047/048)
Managed and Marketed by : Eco Concern Pvt. Ltd.
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AUTHORIZED
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ANALYZED BY
Note:
(1) The results refer only to the parameters tested of the sample provided/collected for analysis. Endorsement of products is neither inferred nor implied.
(2) In order to ensure the confidentiality, the report will be released to the person who produces the registration receipt.
(3) All the samples are disposed off 7 days after the report date unless the laboratory has received special request.
(4) Total liability of our organization is limited to the invoiced amount only.
(5) The report should not be used in any advertising media without prior written permission from ENPHO Lab.
(6) ENPHO lab will not be responsible for any act of forgery/editing (manual or electronic) done on report produced by the Lab. In case of query, please visit ENPHO lab for verification of report. However, kind
note that the report will be disclosed only with written consent of the original client of the sample.
(7) This is an electronically generated report. In case you need the hardcopy of the report with manual signatures, please visit ENPHO lab.

P.O.Box: 4102
Phone: +977-1-5244641, 01-5244609
Fax: +977-1-5244376
P.O.Box: 3456
Phone: +977-1-5244301, 01-5151358
ENPHO/QR/5.10.2.1/04/ 2077-078
Lab Sample ID: 1199[077-078]
Received On: Friday, June 18, 2021 Point of Sample Collection: Tap
Completed On: Monday, June 28, 2021 Source of Sample: City supply
Sampled By: Client
Client's Sample Code: C2 (Thulo Ban Spring Water) Treated/Untreated: Untreated
Lab
*Cyanide mg/L ND(0.05) 0.07 APHA, AWWA, WEF, 4500-CN E, 23rd Edition
Aluminium mg/L ND(0.05) 0.2 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3500-Al B
Ammonia mg/L 1.69 1.5 APHA, AWWA, WPCF (1985), 417 B
Cadmium mg/L ND(0.003) 0.003 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3111 B
Chloride mg/L 3.0 250 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 4500-Cl- B
Colour TCU 5 5(15) APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 2120 B
Copper mg/L ND(0.02) 1 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3111 B
Free Residual Chlorine mg/L ND(0.10) 0.1-0.2 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 4500-Cl- B
Lead mg/L ND(0.01) 0.01 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3111 B
Mercury mg/L ND(0.001) 0.001 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3112 B
Nitrate mg/L 0.4 50 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 4500-NO3¯ B
Sulphate mg/L 1.0 250 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 4500-Sulphate D
Total Chromium mg/L ND(0.020) 0.05 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3111 B
Total Coliform CFU/100mL TNTC 0 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 9222
Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 33 1000 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 2540 C
Turbidity NTU 5.4 5(10) APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 2130 B
Zinc mg/L ND(0.05) 3 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3111 B
Remarks:
Ammonia E. coli Fluoride Free Residual Chlorine Total Coliform Turbidity
() : Maximum Concentration Limit TNTC-Too Numerous To Count(1000) ND : Not Detected
ENPHO LABORATORY
(Govt. Reg. 108/047/048, SWC Reg. 283/047/048)
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AUTHORIZED
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ANALYZED BY
Note:
(6) ENPHO lab will not be responsible for any act of forgery/editing (manual or electronic) done on report produced by the Lab. In case of query, please visit ENPHO lab for verification of report. However, kind
note that the report will be disclosed only with written consent of the original client of the sample.

P.O.Box: 4102
Phone: +977-1-5244641, 01-5244609
Fax: +977-1-5244376
P.O.Box: 3456
Phone: +977-1-5244301, 01-5151358
ENPHO/QR/5.10.2.1/04/ 2077-078
Lab Sample ID: 1200[077-078]
Received On: Friday, June 18, 2021 Point of Sample Collection: Deep boring
Completed On: Tuesday, June 22, 2021 Source of Sample: Deep boring
Client's Sample Code: U2 (Near Dental) Treated/Untreated: Untreated
Lab
Nitrate mg/L ND(0.2) 50 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 4500-NO3¯ B
Turbidity NTU ND(1.0) 5(10) APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 2130 B
Remarks:
Fluoride Free Residual Chlorine Total Coliform
ENPHO LABORATORY
(Govt. Reg. 108/047/048, SWC Reg. 283/047/048)
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CHECKED BY
....................................
AUTHORIZED
.........................................
ANALYZED BY
Note:
(6) ENPHO lab will not be responsible for any act of forgery/editing (manual or electronic) done on report produced by the Lab. In case of query, please visit ENPHO lab for verification of
report. However, kindly note that the report will be disclosed only with written consent of the original client of the sample.

P.O.Box: 4102
Phone: +977-1-5244641, 01-5244609
Fax: +977-1-5244376
P.O.Box: 3456
Phone: +977-1-5244301, 01-5151358
ENPHO/QR/5.10.2.1/04/ 2077-078
Lab Sample ID: 1201[077-078]
Received On: Friday, June 18, 2021 Point of Sample Collection: Deep boring
Completed On: Tuesday, June 22, 2021 Source of Sample: Deep boring
Client's Sample Code: U1 (Near OPD) Treated/Untreated: Untreated
Lab
Iron mg/L 0.20 0.3(3) APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3111 B
Nitrate mg/L ND(0.2) 50 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 4500-NO3¯ B
Turbidity NTU 8.8 5(10) APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 2130 B
Remarks:
Fluoride Free Residual Chlorine Total Coliform Turbidity
ENPHO LABORATORY
(Govt. Reg. 108/047/048, SWC Reg. 283/047/048)
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CHECKED BY
....................................
AUTHORIZED
.........................................
ANALYZED BY
Note:
(6) ENPHO lab will not be responsible for any act of forgery/editing (manual or electronic) done on report produced by the Lab. In case of query, please visit ENPHO lab for verification of repo
However, kindly note that the report will be disclosed only with written consent of the original client of the sample.

P.O.Box: 4102
Phone: +977-1-5244641, 01-5244609
Fax: +977-1-5244376
P.O.Box: 3456
Phone: +977-1-5244301, 01-5151358
ENPHO/QR/5.10.2.1/04/ 2077-078
Lab Sample ID: 1202[077-078]
Client: Inclusive Consultants Pvt. Ltd. Sample Category: Wastewater
Received On: Friday, June 18, 2021 Point of Sample Collection: Inlet
Completed On: Monday, June 28, 2021 Source of Sample: DEWATS
Client's Sample Code: WW-1 Treated/Untreated: Untreated
Lab
Parameters Unit Result Test Methods
Arsenic mg/L ND(0.005) APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3114 C
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg/L 175.0 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 5210 B
Cadmium mg/L ND(0.003) APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3111 B
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg/L 286.7 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 5220 B
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/L ND(1) APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 4500-O C
Fluoride mg/L ND(1.00) APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 4500-F D
Iron mg/L 2.20 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3111 B
Lead mg/L ND(0.01) APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3111 B
Manganese mg/L 0.75 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3111 B
Mercury mg/L ND(0.005) APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3112 B
Nitrogen-Ammonia mg/L 30.25 APHA, AWWA, WPCF (1985), 417 B
Nitrogen-Nitrate mg/L 1.56 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 4500-NO3¯ B
Nitrogen-Nitrite mg/L 0.06 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017),4500-NO2¯ B
Oil Grease mg/L 22.0 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 5520 B
Total Chromium mg/L ND(0.02) APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3500-Cr B
Total Coliform CFU/mL 230*10^3 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 9222
Total Plate Count CFU/mL 140*10^4 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 9216
CFU- Colony Forming Unit
ENPHO LABORATORY
(Govt. Reg. 108/047/048, SWC Reg. 283/047/048)
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AUTHORIZED B
.........................................
ANALYZED BY
Note:

P.O.Box: 4102
Phone: +977-1-5244641, 01-5244609
Fax: +977-1-5244376
P.O.Box: 3456
Phone: +977-1-5244301, 01-5151358
ENPHO/QR/5.10.2.1/04/ 2077-078
Lab Sample ID: 1203[077-078]
Received On: Friday, June 18, 2021 Point of Sample Collection: Outlet
Completed On: Monday, June 28, 2021 Source of Sample: DEWATS
Client's Sample Code: WW--2 Treated/Untreated: Treated
Lab
Treated with: DEWATS
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/L 1.2 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 4500-O C
ENPHO LABORATORY
(Govt. Reg. 108/047/048, SWC Reg. 283/047/048)
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CHECKED BY
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AUTHORIZED B
.........................................
ANALYZED BY
Note:

P.O.Box: 4102
Phone: +977-1-5244641, 01-5244609
Fax: +977-1-5244376
P.O.Box: 3456
Phone: +977-1-5244301, 01-5151358
ENPHO/QR/5.10.2.1/04/ 2077-078
Lab Sample ID: 1204[077-078]
Received On: Friday, June 18, 2021 Point of Sample Collection: Outlet of Women center
Completed On: Monday, June 28, 2021 Source of Sample: Drainage
Lab
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/L ND(1) APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 4500-O C
ENPHO LABORATORY
(Govt. Reg. 108/047/048, SWC Reg. 283/047/048)
rd
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CHECKED BY
.......................................
AUTHORIZED B
.........................................
ANALYZED BY
Note:

P.O.Box: 4102
Phone: +977-1-5244641, 01-5244609
Fax: +977-1-5244376
P.O.Box: 3456
Phone: +977-1-5244301, 01-5151358
ENPHO/QR/5.10.2.1/04/ 2077-078
Lab Sample ID: 1205[077-078]
Received On: Friday, June 18, 2021 Point of Sample Collection: Outlet of OPD
Completed On: Monday, June 28, 2021 Source of Sample: Drainage
Lab
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/L 1.6 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 4500-O C
ENPHO LABORATORY
(Govt. Reg. 108/047/048, SWC Reg. 283/047/048)
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AUTHORIZED B
.........................................
ANALYZED BY
Note:

P.O.Box: 4102
Phone: +977-1-5244641, 01-5244609
Fax: +977-1-5244376
P.O.Box: 3456
Phone: +977-1-5244301, 01-5151358
ENPHO/QR/5.10.2.1/04/ 2077-078
Lab Sample ID: 1206[077-078]
Received On: Friday, June 18, 2021 Point of Sample Collection: Outlet
Completed On: Tuesday, June 29, 2021 Source of Sample: DEWATS
Sampled By: Client
Client's Sample Code: WW-2 Treated/Untreated: Treated
Lab
Treated with: DEWATS
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
*Carbamates Pesticides µg/L 50.0 EPA 3000
*Organochlorine Pesticides µg/L 50.0 EPA 3000
*Organophosphorus Pesticides µg/L 50.0 EPA 3000
*Potassium mg/L 15.4 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3111 B
*Sodium mg/L 40.3 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 3500 Na
*Synthetic Pyrethroate Pesticides µg/L 50.0 EPA 3000
Total Nitrogen mg/L 37.32 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 4500-Norg B
Total Phosphorus mg/L 2.6 APHA, AWWA, WEF (2017), 4500 P E
ENPHO LABORATORY
(Govt. Reg. 108/047/048, SWC Reg. 283/047/048)
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Note:

in Nepal
Annex 3 : Electric Detection (Prospecting) Method

Appendix 1 Hydrological Survey Report.pdf

Appendix 1 Hydrological Survey Report.pdf

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Appendix 1 Hydrological Survey Report.pdf