This document discusses the concept of scarcity or lack in economics. It introduces the foundations of scarcity established by Robert Malthus and his theory of population growth outpacing food production. Examples from the Philippines show increasing population between 1960-2019 with discussion of finite natural resources. John Stuart Mill's views on production, consumption, and proper distribution of wealth are presented. Signs of scarcity include depletion of natural resources like deforestation, lack of food due to urbanization, and environmental damage. Ways to alleviate scarcity mentioned are conservation, reducing waste, reusing materials, recycling, stockpiling resources, and developing technology and knowledge.
The document outlines several common taxes in the Philippines, including capital gains tax which depends on income tax brackets, documentary stamp tax on documents and agreements, donor's tax on gifts, estate tax on inheritance, income tax on yearly profits, percentage tax on goods and services sales, value added tax imposed on sellers and passed to buyers, withholding tax on compensation, expanded withholding tax as an advance against quarterly taxes, final withholding tax as full payment of income taxes, and withholding tax on payments by the government to suppliers.
The document discusses the standard model of supply. It defines supply as a producer phenomenon and explains that the dependent variable in the supply model is the quantity supplied, while the independent variables are the good's own price, input prices, technology, and taxes/subsidies. It presents the law of supply graphically and shows that as price decreases, quantity supplied also decreases. The document also introduces the supply equation, where quantity supplied (Qs) equals the intercept (c) plus the slope (d) multiplied by price (P). It provides examples of using the supply equation to solve for the slope (d) given two data points of price and quantity supplied.
The document discusses the economic concepts of supply and demand, how they relate to the price and quantity of goods produced and consumed, and how shifts in supply and demand curves impact price equilibrium. It also examines factors that influence food security, such as income, household food production, and the price of food which is determined by supply, demand, and government policies.
This document discusses the concept of scarcity or lack in economics. It introduces the foundations of scarcity established by Robert Malthus and his theory of population growth outpacing food production. Examples from the Philippines show increasing population between 1960-2019 with discussion of finite natural resources. John Stuart Mill's views on production, consumption, and proper distribution of wealth are presented. Signs of scarcity include depletion of natural resources like deforestation, lack of food due to urbanization, and environmental damage. Ways to alleviate scarcity mentioned are conservation, reducing waste, reusing materials, recycling, stockpiling resources, and developing technology and knowledge.
The document outlines several common taxes in the Philippines, including capital gains tax which depends on income tax brackets, documentary stamp tax on documents and agreements, donor's tax on gifts, estate tax on inheritance, income tax on yearly profits, percentage tax on goods and services sales, value added tax imposed on sellers and passed to buyers, withholding tax on compensation, expanded withholding tax as an advance against quarterly taxes, final withholding tax as full payment of income taxes, and withholding tax on payments by the government to suppliers.
The document discusses the standard model of supply. It defines supply as a producer phenomenon and explains that the dependent variable in the supply model is the quantity supplied, while the independent variables are the good's own price, input prices, technology, and taxes/subsidies. It presents the law of supply graphically and shows that as price decreases, quantity supplied also decreases. The document also introduces the supply equation, where quantity supplied (Qs) equals the intercept (c) plus the slope (d) multiplied by price (P). It provides examples of using the supply equation to solve for the slope (d) given two data points of price and quantity supplied.
The document discusses the economic concepts of supply and demand, how they relate to the price and quantity of goods produced and consumed, and how shifts in supply and demand curves impact price equilibrium. It also examines factors that influence food security, such as income, household food production, and the price of food which is determined by supply, demand, and government policies.
The document discusses the caste system in India. The caste system is a social hierarchy in India that divides people into rigid hierarchical groups based on hereditary occupations. It places some groups at the top of the social hierarchy and others at the bottom.
The document discusses key aspects of ancient Roman culture and history including the location of Rome, the mythological founding of Rome by Romulus and Remus, Roman government and social structure with the patrician and plebeian classes, symbols of Rome like the SPQR, the patriarchal Roman family, important cultural sites like the Baths of Caracalla and the Colosseum, and the military structure of the Roman legions led by officials like the Legate and soldiers like the Centurion.
The document discusses key aspects of ancient Roman culture and history. It mentions the location of Rome in Italy and provides background on the mythical founders of Rome, Romulus and Remus. It also summarizes important Roman political and social institutions like the Senate, consuls, patricians, plebeians, and the traditional Roman family structure headed by the pater familias. The document concludes with an overview of iconic sites in Roman culture such as baths, aqueducts, amphitheaters like the Colosseum, and popular entertainment forms including gladiatorial combat and chariot racing. It also briefly outlines the structure of the Roman legions and some of the military roles within them.
This document provides a timeline of ancient Mesopotamian political dynasties and kings from around 2800 BC to 500 BC. It mentions the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Chaldeans, Hittites, Lydians, Phoenicians, and Persians. For each group, it lists some of their most important kings, the approximate dates they ruled, and some of their accomplishments. Key locations mentioned include Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Iran, and the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
The document discusses several ancient civilizations including India, Egypt, Persia, and China. It focuses on providing details about ancient India, describing the Indus Valley civilization, important time periods in Indian history like the Dravidian and Aryan periods, and rulers like Chandragupta Maurya. It also outlines some of the major Hindu gods like Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva and their roles in Hinduism.
The document describes 15 major Hindu gods:
1. Brahma is the creator and is known as self-born with four faces.
2. Shiva destroys to recreate and removes illusions.
3. Vishnu preserves life, has incarnated nine times, and will restore order.
4. Ganesh is playful with his flute and represents love.
5. Rama is a perfect symbol of humanity as an avatar of Vishnu.
This document provides information on various Greek gods and goddesses, including their names and domains. It lists over 30 gods and goddesses such as Zeus, king of the gods and god of lightning; Aphrodite, goddess of love and beauty; Apollo, god of light, music, and healing; Ares, god of war; and Poseidon, god of the sea and earthquakes. For each deity, it notes their Greek and Roman names and their association with concepts like marriage, victory, sleep, fertility, and more.
This document discusses several topics from ancient Greek history and mythology over different time periods ranging from 1700 BC to later centuries. It mentions the Minoan and Mycenaean people, important sites like the Lion Gate at Mycenae and the Tholos of Delphi. The document also briefly outlines the stories of Theseus and the Minotaur, the Trojan War as described by Homer with key figures like Helen of Sparta, Menelaus, Paris, Hector and Achilles, and the historic military leader Alexander the Great.
This document provides information on various Greek gods and goddesses. It describes their roles and alternative names. The gods mentioned include Gaia, the earth mother; Uranus, father of Cronus; Cronus, father of Zeus; Zeus, leader of the gods; Hera, Zeus' wife; Hades, god of the underworld; Poseidon, god of the sea; Aphrodite, goddess of love; Apollo, god of light; Ares, god of war; Artemis, goddess of the moon; and Athena, goddess of wisdom.
The document discusses several ancient civilizations including Persia, Egypt, India, China, and Peru. It focuses on providing details about ancient Egypt, including information about its government as a monarchy, main religions and gods like Amun Ra and Osiris, social hierarchy, and technologies like mummification and construction of pyramids. Key aspects of Egypt's economy are also summarized such as agriculture and trade of goods like gold, papyrus, and ivory.
This document contains a quiz about ancient Egypt. It asks questions about the continents, major rivers and first king of Egypt, the provinces of ancient Egypt, gods and goddesses of Egyptian mythology, the writing system, paper used, tombs of kings, mummification process, and canopic jars used to store organs. It then provides answers to each question in the form of a multiple choice list.
Christian persecutions increased as the Roman Empire declined and Romans blamed Christians. Many Christians were martyred through methods like crucifixion, burning alive, feeding to wild animals, and other torturous deaths. The Romans had difficulty suppressing Christianity as Christians welcomed martyrdom, further spreading their faith. Eventually, Emperor Constantine ended persecutions and legalized Christianity through the Edict of Milan.
The document provides an overview of ancient Chinese civilization and philosophy. It discusses the early dynasties that ruled China like the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties. It also outlines the major Chinese philosophical traditions like Confucianism established by Confucius, Taoism founded by Lao Tzu, and the philosophies of Mo Tzu and Sun Tzu. Key aspects of Chinese culture covered include its writing systems, economic practices centered around agriculture and trade, and ancient social customs.
The document summarizes various origin stories and theories about human origins from different cultures and time periods. It includes creation stories from Philippine, Norse, Japanese, and Chinese mythology. It also discusses Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection outlined in his book On the Origin of Species. Finally, it lists many early human species and their approximate periods of existence based on the modern scientific theory of evolution.
The document summarizes the rise of Christianity from the birth of Jesus Christ to the legalization of Christianity in the Roman Empire. It describes key events like Jesus's ministry, the spread of Christianity by apostles like Paul and disciples after Jesus's crucifixion. It discusses the persecution of early Christians by Romans who blamed them for the empire's decline and methods of martyrdom like crucifixion, burning, and being fed to wild animals. Finally, it mentions Emperor Constantine ending persecution and establishing an organizational hierarchy within Christianity through the First Council of Nicaea in the Edict of Milan.
The Stone Age lasted from around 2 million BC to 3000 BC. During this time, early humans transitioned from hunter-gatherers to settling into permanent villages and developing agriculture and domesticated animals. Key developments included the emergence of Homo habilis and Homo erectus in the Paleolithic period, the creation of artworks like cave paintings in the Mesolithic, and the rise of sedentary settlements and farming in the Neolithic.
The document discusses key concepts in geography including:
- Ptolemy and Copernicus' models of the universe from 2159 and 419 years ago respectively.
- Characteristics of the Earth such as its rotation period and axial tilt.
- Latitude and longitude used to identify locations on Earth including the equator, prime meridian, and international date line.
- Examples are given of coordinates identifying places in different countries.
World War II was fought between the Allied Powers (UK, US, Soviet Union) and the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan) from 1939-1945. The war was fought across Europe and the Pacific. In Europe, Germany invaded numerous countries using blitzkrieg tactics and built death camps where over 17 million people were killed, including 6 million Jews. In the Pacific, Japan attacked the US at Pearl Harbor in 1941 and fought major battles across the region until the US dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945.
After World War II, Korea was occupied by Soviet and US troops along the 38th parallel. This led to the establishment of two governments - the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea). In 1950, North Korea launched attacks across the 38th parallel starting the Korean War. The US and UN allies supported South Korea while China supported North Korea. After extensive fighting over three years, an armistice agreement was signed in 1953, dividing Korea along the 38th parallel demilitarized zone where the border remains to this day.
The document discusses the caste system in India. The caste system is a social hierarchy in India that divides people into rigid hierarchical groups based on hereditary occupations. It places some groups at the top of the social hierarchy and others at the bottom.
The document discusses key aspects of ancient Roman culture and history including the location of Rome, the mythological founding of Rome by Romulus and Remus, Roman government and social structure with the patrician and plebeian classes, symbols of Rome like the SPQR, the patriarchal Roman family, important cultural sites like the Baths of Caracalla and the Colosseum, and the military structure of the Roman legions led by officials like the Legate and soldiers like the Centurion.
The document discusses key aspects of ancient Roman culture and history. It mentions the location of Rome in Italy and provides background on the mythical founders of Rome, Romulus and Remus. It also summarizes important Roman political and social institutions like the Senate, consuls, patricians, plebeians, and the traditional Roman family structure headed by the pater familias. The document concludes with an overview of iconic sites in Roman culture such as baths, aqueducts, amphitheaters like the Colosseum, and popular entertainment forms including gladiatorial combat and chariot racing. It also briefly outlines the structure of the Roman legions and some of the military roles within them.
This document provides a timeline of ancient Mesopotamian political dynasties and kings from around 2800 BC to 500 BC. It mentions the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Chaldeans, Hittites, Lydians, Phoenicians, and Persians. For each group, it lists some of their most important kings, the approximate dates they ruled, and some of their accomplishments. Key locations mentioned include Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Iran, and the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
The document discusses several ancient civilizations including India, Egypt, Persia, and China. It focuses on providing details about ancient India, describing the Indus Valley civilization, important time periods in Indian history like the Dravidian and Aryan periods, and rulers like Chandragupta Maurya. It also outlines some of the major Hindu gods like Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva and their roles in Hinduism.
The document describes 15 major Hindu gods:
1. Brahma is the creator and is known as self-born with four faces.
2. Shiva destroys to recreate and removes illusions.
3. Vishnu preserves life, has incarnated nine times, and will restore order.
4. Ganesh is playful with his flute and represents love.
5. Rama is a perfect symbol of humanity as an avatar of Vishnu.
This document provides information on various Greek gods and goddesses, including their names and domains. It lists over 30 gods and goddesses such as Zeus, king of the gods and god of lightning; Aphrodite, goddess of love and beauty; Apollo, god of light, music, and healing; Ares, god of war; and Poseidon, god of the sea and earthquakes. For each deity, it notes their Greek and Roman names and their association with concepts like marriage, victory, sleep, fertility, and more.
This document discusses several topics from ancient Greek history and mythology over different time periods ranging from 1700 BC to later centuries. It mentions the Minoan and Mycenaean people, important sites like the Lion Gate at Mycenae and the Tholos of Delphi. The document also briefly outlines the stories of Theseus and the Minotaur, the Trojan War as described by Homer with key figures like Helen of Sparta, Menelaus, Paris, Hector and Achilles, and the historic military leader Alexander the Great.
This document provides information on various Greek gods and goddesses. It describes their roles and alternative names. The gods mentioned include Gaia, the earth mother; Uranus, father of Cronus; Cronus, father of Zeus; Zeus, leader of the gods; Hera, Zeus' wife; Hades, god of the underworld; Poseidon, god of the sea; Aphrodite, goddess of love; Apollo, god of light; Ares, god of war; Artemis, goddess of the moon; and Athena, goddess of wisdom.
The document discusses several ancient civilizations including Persia, Egypt, India, China, and Peru. It focuses on providing details about ancient Egypt, including information about its government as a monarchy, main religions and gods like Amun Ra and Osiris, social hierarchy, and technologies like mummification and construction of pyramids. Key aspects of Egypt's economy are also summarized such as agriculture and trade of goods like gold, papyrus, and ivory.
This document contains a quiz about ancient Egypt. It asks questions about the continents, major rivers and first king of Egypt, the provinces of ancient Egypt, gods and goddesses of Egyptian mythology, the writing system, paper used, tombs of kings, mummification process, and canopic jars used to store organs. It then provides answers to each question in the form of a multiple choice list.
Christian persecutions increased as the Roman Empire declined and Romans blamed Christians. Many Christians were martyred through methods like crucifixion, burning alive, feeding to wild animals, and other torturous deaths. The Romans had difficulty suppressing Christianity as Christians welcomed martyrdom, further spreading their faith. Eventually, Emperor Constantine ended persecutions and legalized Christianity through the Edict of Milan.
The document provides an overview of ancient Chinese civilization and philosophy. It discusses the early dynasties that ruled China like the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties. It also outlines the major Chinese philosophical traditions like Confucianism established by Confucius, Taoism founded by Lao Tzu, and the philosophies of Mo Tzu and Sun Tzu. Key aspects of Chinese culture covered include its writing systems, economic practices centered around agriculture and trade, and ancient social customs.
The document summarizes various origin stories and theories about human origins from different cultures and time periods. It includes creation stories from Philippine, Norse, Japanese, and Chinese mythology. It also discusses Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection outlined in his book On the Origin of Species. Finally, it lists many early human species and their approximate periods of existence based on the modern scientific theory of evolution.
The document summarizes the rise of Christianity from the birth of Jesus Christ to the legalization of Christianity in the Roman Empire. It describes key events like Jesus's ministry, the spread of Christianity by apostles like Paul and disciples after Jesus's crucifixion. It discusses the persecution of early Christians by Romans who blamed them for the empire's decline and methods of martyrdom like crucifixion, burning, and being fed to wild animals. Finally, it mentions Emperor Constantine ending persecution and establishing an organizational hierarchy within Christianity through the First Council of Nicaea in the Edict of Milan.
The Stone Age lasted from around 2 million BC to 3000 BC. During this time, early humans transitioned from hunter-gatherers to settling into permanent villages and developing agriculture and domesticated animals. Key developments included the emergence of Homo habilis and Homo erectus in the Paleolithic period, the creation of artworks like cave paintings in the Mesolithic, and the rise of sedentary settlements and farming in the Neolithic.
The document discusses key concepts in geography including:
- Ptolemy and Copernicus' models of the universe from 2159 and 419 years ago respectively.
- Characteristics of the Earth such as its rotation period and axial tilt.
- Latitude and longitude used to identify locations on Earth including the equator, prime meridian, and international date line.
- Examples are given of coordinates identifying places in different countries.
World War II was fought between the Allied Powers (UK, US, Soviet Union) and the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan) from 1939-1945. The war was fought across Europe and the Pacific. In Europe, Germany invaded numerous countries using blitzkrieg tactics and built death camps where over 17 million people were killed, including 6 million Jews. In the Pacific, Japan attacked the US at Pearl Harbor in 1941 and fought major battles across the region until the US dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945.
After World War II, Korea was occupied by Soviet and US troops along the 38th parallel. This led to the establishment of two governments - the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea). In 1950, North Korea launched attacks across the 38th parallel starting the Korean War. The US and UN allies supported South Korea while China supported North Korea. After extensive fighting over three years, an armistice agreement was signed in 1953, dividing Korea along the 38th parallel demilitarized zone where the border remains to this day.