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Ang arkitektura ay ang sining at agham ng pagdidibuho ng mga gusali. Sa isang malawak na
kahulugan, mula sa mataas na antas ng pagpapaplano ng bayan, dibuhong urbano, at arkitekturang
pantanawin hanggang sa mababang antas ng pagdibuho ng kasangkapan o produkto, at kabilang
sa sakop nito ang pagdibuho ng kabuuan ng ginawa o kinathang kapaligiran.
Ang Parthenon (Griyego: Παρθενών) ay isang templong Sinaunang Griyego sa Acropolis ng
Atenas, Gresya na inalay sa diyosang si Athena na itinuring ng mga mamamayan ng Atenas na
kanilang patron. Ang pagtatayo nito ay nagsimula noong 447 BCE nang ang Imperyong Ateniano ay
nasa tugatog ng kapangyarihan nito. Ito ay nakumpleto noong 438 BCE bagaman ang
pagpapalamuti ng gusali ay nagpatuloy hanggang 432 BCE. Ito ang pinakamahalagang nakaligtas
na gusali ng Gresyang Klasiko na pangkalahatang itinuturing na kulminasyon ng orden na Doriko.
Ang mga iskulturang pagpapalamuti ang itinuturing na ilang mga matataas na punto ng Sining sa
Sinaunang Gresya. Ang Parthenon ay itinuturing na tumatagal na simbolo ng Sinaunang
Gresya, demokrasyang Ateniano, kabihasnang kanluranin[3] at isa sa pinakadakilang mga
monumentong pangkultura. Ang Kalihim ng Kultura at Turismo ng Gresya ay kasalukuyang
nagsasagawa ng isang programa ng selektibong pagbabalik at muling pagtatayo upang masiguro
ang katatagan ng parsiyal na nagibang istruktura.[4]
Ang mismong Parthenon ay pumalit sa mas matandang templo ni Athena na tinatawag ng mga
historyan na pre-Parthenon o mas matandang Parthenon na nawasak sa pananakop na
Pesiano noong 480 BCE. Ang templo ay arkeoastronomikal na nakalinya saHyades.[5] Gaya ng
karamihan ng mga templong Griyego, ang Parthenon ay ginamit bilang tesorerya. Sa isang
panahon, ito ay nagsilbi ring isang tesorerya ng ligang Deliano na kalaunang naging Imperyong
Ateniano. Noong ika-5 siglo CE, ang Parthenon ay ginawang simbahang Kristiyano. Pagkatapos
ng pananakop na Ottoman, ang Parthenon ay naging isang moske sa mga simulang 1460. Noong
Setyembre 26, 1687, ang tapunan ng munison sa gusali ay pinag-apoy ng
pambobombang Veneciano. Ang nagresultang pagsabog ay masidhing pumisala sa Parthenon at
mga iskultura nito. Noong 1806, inalis ni Thomas Bruce, ika-7 earl ng Elgin ang ilan sa mga
nakaligtas na iskultura sa pahintulot ng Imperyong Ottoman. Ang mga iskulturang ito na kilala bilang
mga marmol na Elgin ay ipinagbili noong 1816 sa Museong British sa London kung saan ito ngayon
nakatanghal.
ARKITEKTURA
Layunin ng arkitektura ng Greek na parangalan ang mga diyos. Ang pinakamagandang
gusali na itinayo ng mga Greek ay ang ang mga templo. Ang mga ito ay gawa sa marmol na
karaniwang kulay puti. Isa sa pinakatanyag na templong Greek ay ang Parthenon na itinayo
sa pagitan ng 447 B.C.E at 432 B.C.E.

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Ap

  • 1. Ang arkitektura ay ang sining at agham ng pagdidibuho ng mga gusali. Sa isang malawak na kahulugan, mula sa mataas na antas ng pagpapaplano ng bayan, dibuhong urbano, at arkitekturang pantanawin hanggang sa mababang antas ng pagdibuho ng kasangkapan o produkto, at kabilang sa sakop nito ang pagdibuho ng kabuuan ng ginawa o kinathang kapaligiran. Ang Parthenon (Griyego: Παρθενών) ay isang templong Sinaunang Griyego sa Acropolis ng Atenas, Gresya na inalay sa diyosang si Athena na itinuring ng mga mamamayan ng Atenas na kanilang patron. Ang pagtatayo nito ay nagsimula noong 447 BCE nang ang Imperyong Ateniano ay nasa tugatog ng kapangyarihan nito. Ito ay nakumpleto noong 438 BCE bagaman ang pagpapalamuti ng gusali ay nagpatuloy hanggang 432 BCE. Ito ang pinakamahalagang nakaligtas na gusali ng Gresyang Klasiko na pangkalahatang itinuturing na kulminasyon ng orden na Doriko. Ang mga iskulturang pagpapalamuti ang itinuturing na ilang mga matataas na punto ng Sining sa Sinaunang Gresya. Ang Parthenon ay itinuturing na tumatagal na simbolo ng Sinaunang Gresya, demokrasyang Ateniano, kabihasnang kanluranin[3] at isa sa pinakadakilang mga monumentong pangkultura. Ang Kalihim ng Kultura at Turismo ng Gresya ay kasalukuyang nagsasagawa ng isang programa ng selektibong pagbabalik at muling pagtatayo upang masiguro ang katatagan ng parsiyal na nagibang istruktura.[4] Ang mismong Parthenon ay pumalit sa mas matandang templo ni Athena na tinatawag ng mga historyan na pre-Parthenon o mas matandang Parthenon na nawasak sa pananakop na Pesiano noong 480 BCE. Ang templo ay arkeoastronomikal na nakalinya saHyades.[5] Gaya ng karamihan ng mga templong Griyego, ang Parthenon ay ginamit bilang tesorerya. Sa isang panahon, ito ay nagsilbi ring isang tesorerya ng ligang Deliano na kalaunang naging Imperyong Ateniano. Noong ika-5 siglo CE, ang Parthenon ay ginawang simbahang Kristiyano. Pagkatapos ng pananakop na Ottoman, ang Parthenon ay naging isang moske sa mga simulang 1460. Noong Setyembre 26, 1687, ang tapunan ng munison sa gusali ay pinag-apoy ng pambobombang Veneciano. Ang nagresultang pagsabog ay masidhing pumisala sa Parthenon at mga iskultura nito. Noong 1806, inalis ni Thomas Bruce, ika-7 earl ng Elgin ang ilan sa mga nakaligtas na iskultura sa pahintulot ng Imperyong Ottoman. Ang mga iskulturang ito na kilala bilang mga marmol na Elgin ay ipinagbili noong 1816 sa Museong British sa London kung saan ito ngayon nakatanghal. ARKITEKTURA Layunin ng arkitektura ng Greek na parangalan ang mga diyos. Ang pinakamagandang gusali na itinayo ng mga Greek ay ang ang mga templo. Ang mga ito ay gawa sa marmol na karaniwang kulay puti. Isa sa pinakatanyag na templong Greek ay ang Parthenon na itinayo sa pagitan ng 447 B.C.E at 432 B.C.E.