This document provides a summary of animal welfare legal issues in 3 paragraphs or less:
Animal law covers the rights and responsibilities of humans regarding ownership of animals such as dogs, cats, livestock. It includes areas of property law, health and safety laws, criminal law, and local ordinances. Various authorities like animal control and law enforcement are empowered to seize stray animals, animals that attack people or livestock, and animals suspected of being abused or neglected. There are also procedures that shelters must follow in holding seized animals and determining when ownership is transferred allowing for adoption. Rescuing animals can potentially lead to criminal liability for trespassing, theft or abandonment depending on circumstances and intent, but defenses like necessity may apply. Recent Texas
This document discusses various animal welfare legal issues for nonprofits, including who has the power to seize dogs and when, how long shelters must hold seized dogs, how ownership is proven, liability concerns for volunteers and rescuers, and when rescue efforts could result in criminal sanctions. Key points include that animal control officers and law enforcement can seize dogs that have harmed people or livestock. Shelters generally must hold dogs for 3-10 days. Ownership can be proven with identification like microchips or vet records. Volunteers are protected by law for actions within their roles but nonprofits still need liability insurance. Rescuers could face charges like trespassing or theft if they enter property without permission or take an animal without intent to
http://www.gloucestercounty-va.com This is a public document from Gloucester County, Virginia Local government showing the illegal ordinance they are trying to force on everyone.
The document outlines risks that could occur during the filming of a music video, separating them into low risks and high risks. Low risks include minor injuries like cuts, scrapes, grass stains, and bruises. High risks involve serious harm, such as cars posing a hazard, hyperthermia from extreme cold, electrocution from lighting, and broken bones from falls from high places. Safety precautions are necessary to prevent high risks from occurring during the shoot.
This document advertises and provides details about Aspen Pines Luxury Apartment Homes located in Wilder, KY. It summarizes the apartment features such as energy efficient design, soundproofing, security systems, kitchen and bathroom amenities. Floor plans and pricing are provided for one, two and three bedroom apartment and townhome units ranging from $865-1575 per month including utilities. The community offers amenities like a clubhouse, fitness center, pool, laundry facilities, and landscaped grounds.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Legacy Management is a family-owned property management company serving the tri-state area for over 25 years. They manage multifamily and commercial properties like apartment communities, commercial centers, and self-storage facilities. The document provides details on several apartment complexes managed by Legacy Management, including floor plans, amenities, and rental rates.
Aspen Pines is a beautiful apartment community located just minutes from all major highways and downtown Cincinnati! Call today to schedule your visit with us! 859-442-8141
This document defines and describes various camera angles and shots, including eye-level, high angle, low angle, bird's eye view, establishing shot, long shot, medium shot, over-the-shoulder shot, and close-up. Each shot type is used to achieve a different visual perspective or focus attention on specific elements in a scene.
This document discusses various animal welfare legal issues for nonprofits, including who has the power to seize dogs and when, how long shelters must hold seized dogs, how ownership is proven, liability concerns for volunteers and rescuers, and when rescue efforts could result in criminal sanctions. Key points include that animal control officers and law enforcement can seize dogs that have harmed people or livestock. Shelters generally must hold dogs for 3-10 days. Ownership can be proven with identification like microchips or vet records. Volunteers are protected by law for actions within their roles but nonprofits still need liability insurance. Rescuers could face charges like trespassing or theft if they enter property without permission or take an animal without intent to
http://www.gloucestercounty-va.com This is a public document from Gloucester County, Virginia Local government showing the illegal ordinance they are trying to force on everyone.
The document outlines risks that could occur during the filming of a music video, separating them into low risks and high risks. Low risks include minor injuries like cuts, scrapes, grass stains, and bruises. High risks involve serious harm, such as cars posing a hazard, hyperthermia from extreme cold, electrocution from lighting, and broken bones from falls from high places. Safety precautions are necessary to prevent high risks from occurring during the shoot.
This document advertises and provides details about Aspen Pines Luxury Apartment Homes located in Wilder, KY. It summarizes the apartment features such as energy efficient design, soundproofing, security systems, kitchen and bathroom amenities. Floor plans and pricing are provided for one, two and three bedroom apartment and townhome units ranging from $865-1575 per month including utilities. The community offers amenities like a clubhouse, fitness center, pool, laundry facilities, and landscaped grounds.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Legacy Management is a family-owned property management company serving the tri-state area for over 25 years. They manage multifamily and commercial properties like apartment communities, commercial centers, and self-storage facilities. The document provides details on several apartment complexes managed by Legacy Management, including floor plans, amenities, and rental rates.
Aspen Pines is a beautiful apartment community located just minutes from all major highways and downtown Cincinnati! Call today to schedule your visit with us! 859-442-8141
This document defines and describes various camera angles and shots, including eye-level, high angle, low angle, bird's eye view, establishing shot, long shot, medium shot, over-the-shoulder shot, and close-up. Each shot type is used to achieve a different visual perspective or focus attention on specific elements in a scene.
Legacy Management presents Four Seasons Apartment Homes located in Erlanger, KY. The apartment community offers one and two bedroom floor plans ranging from 500-1000 square feet and amenities include a swimming pool, on-site management, and 24-hour emergency maintenance. Rents start at $550 per month plus utility fees that cover heat, water, sanitation, and trash removal. Four Seasons Apartment Homes provides a park-like setting close to highways and downtown Cincinnati within a professionally managed community.
This document provides information about the Four Seasons Apartment Homes community located in Erlanger, Kentucky. It is managed by Legacy Management, a family-owned property management company with over 25 years of experience. The apartments offer one and two bedroom floor plans with amenities such as on-site laundry facilities, a swimming pool, and 24-hour emergency maintenance. Rent ranges from $550-800 per month depending on the unit, with additional utility fees. Residents have access to nearby highways and are close to Cincinnati. Inquiries can be directed to the leasing office phone number or email provided.
The document discusses stakeholders in education and their roles. It identifies key stakeholders as students, teachers, parents, administrators, and employers. It outlines the roles and expectations of each stakeholder, such as students valuing education, teachers inspiring students, and employers providing work opportunities. The document also discusses stakeholders' needs and wants, such as students wanting quality education to become employable and employers wanting skilled graduates. Stakeholders must contribute and institutions must add value to satisfy stakeholders. Balancing all stakeholders is challenging but important for higher education.
The document discusses the media project of an album including an album cover, music video, and posters. It describes how the album cover, back, and side can be both conventional and unconventional in their design. The posters are also discussed as both conventional and unconventional without pictures. The document also discusses how the media products were created using technologies like paper and pencil, PowerPoint, Fireworks, Slideshare, video camera, Pinnacle, YouTube, Vimeo, and Blogger. Audience feedback informed changes.
This document discusses primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the bile ducts. It provides details on the epidemiology, associated conditions, diagnosis, and treatment of PSC. Highlights include that PSC often co-occurs with inflammatory bowel disease, diagnosis involves cholangiography to detect bile duct abnormalities, and treatments like ursodeoxycholic acid and liver transplantation are discussed. The document also describes local data on PSC patients and initiatives to support research and patients through a new Australian Bowel Foundation.
The document provides an introduction to UNIX shell scripting basics including what a shell and shell script are, how to run commands and write simple shell scripts using bash, and some applied shell programming concepts like variables, conditionals, loops, redirection and pipes. It covers common shells like bash, directories like /bin, writing and running simple scripts, and techniques for running programs, passing arguments, scheduling jobs and more.
The document appears to be a storyboard, which is a visual representation of the sequence of events in a story or film. Storyboards are used in filmmaking and video production to help plan scenes and shots and visualize how they will be arranged and flow together. They provide an outline of the key plot points, scenes, characters, and visual elements before going into production.
This document provides training on social media and digital marketing strategies for a marketing and social media team. It covers setting up basic online profiles and presence, using social media like Facebook, LinkedIn, and Pinterest to engage audiences and generate leads, and tips for content creation and community management over time. Key aspects include cleaning up personal Facebook profiles, using search and connections to find new contacts, creating engaging posts and invites, managing sales funnels and tracking engagement metrics.
Lesson Seven - Of Mice and Men - CreativityHolly Jukes
The document provides questions about John Steinbeck's novella "Of Mice and Men" and assigns learning activities related to analyzing characters and their perspectives. Students are asked to write creative descriptions of the ranch workers from their points of view, using at least two senses including smell. They must also use literary devices like metaphor or simile. The document then provides two images of Candy and his dog from the novella and asks students to reflect on how they think the characters feel, smell, and look.
The document outlines risks that could occur during the filming of a music video, separating them into low risks and high risks. Low risks include minor injuries like cuts, scrapes, grass stains, and bruises. High risks involve serious harm, such as cars posing a hazard, hyperthermia from extreme cold, electrocution from lighting, and broken bones from falls from high places. Safety precautions are necessary to prevent high risks from occurring during the shoot.
The document discusses how effective the combination of the main products and ancillary products are. It believes the products are considerably effective as they share similar aspects and conventions, such as color scheme, font, positioning, and imagery, despite using different actresses. Specifically, the same color scheme and font are used throughout the album cover, back, and poster. The positioning of images is also unique, like on the back of the CD. Furthermore, the primary image used on the CD cover is also featured prominently on the poster.
There are 5 key aspects to analyze in music videos: 1) thought beats which sees the sound structure and artist's voice, 2) narrative and performance where videos should coherently repeat the essence of the song, 3) the star image and developing meta narrative, 4) the relation of visuals to illustrate, amplify, or create disjuncture from the song lyrics, and 5) technical aspects like camera work, editing, lighting, and cuts that hold the video together and emphasize the musical beats.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un paquete de sanciones contra Rusia por su invasión de Ucrania. Las sanciones incluyen restricciones a las importaciones de productos rusos de alta tecnología y a las exportaciones de bienes de lujo a Rusia. Además, se congelarán los activos de varios oligarcas rusos y se prohibirá el acceso de los bancos rusos a los mercados financieros de la UE.
Fauzan Hidayat is a student at Praja IPDN. Praja IPDN is a government training institution in Indonesia that trains future civil servants and government leaders. This brief document appears to provide the name and affiliation of an individual named Fauzan Hidayat.
Charleston Pines Luxury Apartment Homes offers conveniently located apartment homes near Cincinnati, Covington and Newport with amenities including two fitness centers, two pools, and a clubhouse. Rent for one-bedroom units starts at $725 per month and includes trash and alarm monitoring. Larger two and three-bedroom units are available starting at $835 per month, and include two bathrooms as well as a possible gas fireplace. Residents have access to amenities such as a playground, laundry facilities, and WiFi.
Holly Jukes conducted photo shoots of models Billy Jones and Caridee Jones for a music magazine. Test audiences preferred Billy Jones' photo 5, which showed him relaxed in a long shot. For Caridee Jones, photos 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 were most popular after asking the target audience for feedback. Holly will use the selected photos in constructing the magazine.
Animal law in indian country companion animals_02-12-10Joan Bundy Law
The document discusses the history of animal domestication among Native American tribes and traditional beliefs regarding the treatment of animals. It provides examples of cruelty to animals laws from the Tohono O'odham Nation criminal code and considers various approaches to drafting animal protection laws and codes that are culturally appropriate and address issues like overpopulation, identification, dangerous and destructive animals, and the link between animal abuse and violence against humans.
Delivered by Michael Kaiser of the Kaiser Legal Group to a national audience in December, 2011, and July, 2012, in conjunction with the National Business Institute's Continuing Legal Education (CLE) seminar "Plaintiff's Guide to Dog-Bite Litigation."
Mr. Kaiser, founder of the Kaiser Legal Group, is a consultant and mediator. He also regularly speaks at the law school level and at Continuing Legal Education (CLE) seminars for attorneys. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science from the University of Washington and his Juris Doctor from Seattle University. You may contact him at 206-660-2858 or Michael.Kaiser@Kaiser-LegalGroup.org.
Legal rights of animals edited by vaibhav goyalVaibhav Goyal
“So far as legal theory is concerned, a person is any being whom the law regards as capable of rights or duties. Any being that is so capable is a person, whether a human being or not, and no being that is not so capable is a person, even though he be a man. Persons are the substances of which rights and duties are the attributes. It is only in this respect that persons possess juridical significance, and this is the exclusive point of view from which personality receives legal recognition.”
Contrary to the above stated proposition, the duty of humanity so enforced is not conceived by the law as a duty towards beasts, but merely as a duty in respect of them. There is no bond of ‘Litigation’ between mankind and them. The only interest between the two are the ‘Tight 'which the law recognises in such, a case is the interest and right of society as a -whole in the welfare of the animals belonging to it.
Legacy Management presents Four Seasons Apartment Homes located in Erlanger, KY. The apartment community offers one and two bedroom floor plans ranging from 500-1000 square feet and amenities include a swimming pool, on-site management, and 24-hour emergency maintenance. Rents start at $550 per month plus utility fees that cover heat, water, sanitation, and trash removal. Four Seasons Apartment Homes provides a park-like setting close to highways and downtown Cincinnati within a professionally managed community.
This document provides information about the Four Seasons Apartment Homes community located in Erlanger, Kentucky. It is managed by Legacy Management, a family-owned property management company with over 25 years of experience. The apartments offer one and two bedroom floor plans with amenities such as on-site laundry facilities, a swimming pool, and 24-hour emergency maintenance. Rent ranges from $550-800 per month depending on the unit, with additional utility fees. Residents have access to nearby highways and are close to Cincinnati. Inquiries can be directed to the leasing office phone number or email provided.
The document discusses stakeholders in education and their roles. It identifies key stakeholders as students, teachers, parents, administrators, and employers. It outlines the roles and expectations of each stakeholder, such as students valuing education, teachers inspiring students, and employers providing work opportunities. The document also discusses stakeholders' needs and wants, such as students wanting quality education to become employable and employers wanting skilled graduates. Stakeholders must contribute and institutions must add value to satisfy stakeholders. Balancing all stakeholders is challenging but important for higher education.
The document discusses the media project of an album including an album cover, music video, and posters. It describes how the album cover, back, and side can be both conventional and unconventional in their design. The posters are also discussed as both conventional and unconventional without pictures. The document also discusses how the media products were created using technologies like paper and pencil, PowerPoint, Fireworks, Slideshare, video camera, Pinnacle, YouTube, Vimeo, and Blogger. Audience feedback informed changes.
This document discusses primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the bile ducts. It provides details on the epidemiology, associated conditions, diagnosis, and treatment of PSC. Highlights include that PSC often co-occurs with inflammatory bowel disease, diagnosis involves cholangiography to detect bile duct abnormalities, and treatments like ursodeoxycholic acid and liver transplantation are discussed. The document also describes local data on PSC patients and initiatives to support research and patients through a new Australian Bowel Foundation.
The document provides an introduction to UNIX shell scripting basics including what a shell and shell script are, how to run commands and write simple shell scripts using bash, and some applied shell programming concepts like variables, conditionals, loops, redirection and pipes. It covers common shells like bash, directories like /bin, writing and running simple scripts, and techniques for running programs, passing arguments, scheduling jobs and more.
The document appears to be a storyboard, which is a visual representation of the sequence of events in a story or film. Storyboards are used in filmmaking and video production to help plan scenes and shots and visualize how they will be arranged and flow together. They provide an outline of the key plot points, scenes, characters, and visual elements before going into production.
This document provides training on social media and digital marketing strategies for a marketing and social media team. It covers setting up basic online profiles and presence, using social media like Facebook, LinkedIn, and Pinterest to engage audiences and generate leads, and tips for content creation and community management over time. Key aspects include cleaning up personal Facebook profiles, using search and connections to find new contacts, creating engaging posts and invites, managing sales funnels and tracking engagement metrics.
Lesson Seven - Of Mice and Men - CreativityHolly Jukes
The document provides questions about John Steinbeck's novella "Of Mice and Men" and assigns learning activities related to analyzing characters and their perspectives. Students are asked to write creative descriptions of the ranch workers from their points of view, using at least two senses including smell. They must also use literary devices like metaphor or simile. The document then provides two images of Candy and his dog from the novella and asks students to reflect on how they think the characters feel, smell, and look.
The document outlines risks that could occur during the filming of a music video, separating them into low risks and high risks. Low risks include minor injuries like cuts, scrapes, grass stains, and bruises. High risks involve serious harm, such as cars posing a hazard, hyperthermia from extreme cold, electrocution from lighting, and broken bones from falls from high places. Safety precautions are necessary to prevent high risks from occurring during the shoot.
The document discusses how effective the combination of the main products and ancillary products are. It believes the products are considerably effective as they share similar aspects and conventions, such as color scheme, font, positioning, and imagery, despite using different actresses. Specifically, the same color scheme and font are used throughout the album cover, back, and poster. The positioning of images is also unique, like on the back of the CD. Furthermore, the primary image used on the CD cover is also featured prominently on the poster.
There are 5 key aspects to analyze in music videos: 1) thought beats which sees the sound structure and artist's voice, 2) narrative and performance where videos should coherently repeat the essence of the song, 3) the star image and developing meta narrative, 4) the relation of visuals to illustrate, amplify, or create disjuncture from the song lyrics, and 5) technical aspects like camera work, editing, lighting, and cuts that hold the video together and emphasize the musical beats.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un paquete de sanciones contra Rusia por su invasión de Ucrania. Las sanciones incluyen restricciones a las importaciones de productos rusos de alta tecnología y a las exportaciones de bienes de lujo a Rusia. Además, se congelarán los activos de varios oligarcas rusos y se prohibirá el acceso de los bancos rusos a los mercados financieros de la UE.
Fauzan Hidayat is a student at Praja IPDN. Praja IPDN is a government training institution in Indonesia that trains future civil servants and government leaders. This brief document appears to provide the name and affiliation of an individual named Fauzan Hidayat.
Charleston Pines Luxury Apartment Homes offers conveniently located apartment homes near Cincinnati, Covington and Newport with amenities including two fitness centers, two pools, and a clubhouse. Rent for one-bedroom units starts at $725 per month and includes trash and alarm monitoring. Larger two and three-bedroom units are available starting at $835 per month, and include two bathrooms as well as a possible gas fireplace. Residents have access to amenities such as a playground, laundry facilities, and WiFi.
Holly Jukes conducted photo shoots of models Billy Jones and Caridee Jones for a music magazine. Test audiences preferred Billy Jones' photo 5, which showed him relaxed in a long shot. For Caridee Jones, photos 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 were most popular after asking the target audience for feedback. Holly will use the selected photos in constructing the magazine.
Animal law in indian country companion animals_02-12-10Joan Bundy Law
The document discusses the history of animal domestication among Native American tribes and traditional beliefs regarding the treatment of animals. It provides examples of cruelty to animals laws from the Tohono O'odham Nation criminal code and considers various approaches to drafting animal protection laws and codes that are culturally appropriate and address issues like overpopulation, identification, dangerous and destructive animals, and the link between animal abuse and violence against humans.
Delivered by Michael Kaiser of the Kaiser Legal Group to a national audience in December, 2011, and July, 2012, in conjunction with the National Business Institute's Continuing Legal Education (CLE) seminar "Plaintiff's Guide to Dog-Bite Litigation."
Mr. Kaiser, founder of the Kaiser Legal Group, is a consultant and mediator. He also regularly speaks at the law school level and at Continuing Legal Education (CLE) seminars for attorneys. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science from the University of Washington and his Juris Doctor from Seattle University. You may contact him at 206-660-2858 or Michael.Kaiser@Kaiser-LegalGroup.org.
Legal rights of animals edited by vaibhav goyalVaibhav Goyal
“So far as legal theory is concerned, a person is any being whom the law regards as capable of rights or duties. Any being that is so capable is a person, whether a human being or not, and no being that is not so capable is a person, even though he be a man. Persons are the substances of which rights and duties are the attributes. It is only in this respect that persons possess juridical significance, and this is the exclusive point of view from which personality receives legal recognition.”
Contrary to the above stated proposition, the duty of humanity so enforced is not conceived by the law as a duty towards beasts, but merely as a duty in respect of them. There is no bond of ‘Litigation’ between mankind and them. The only interest between the two are the ‘Tight 'which the law recognises in such, a case is the interest and right of society as a -whole in the welfare of the animals belonging to it.
Presented in 2007, when I was an assistant prosecutor at the Tohono O'odham Nation, an American Indian tribe straddling the U.S.-Mexico border in Arizona.
Guardianship for animals joan bundy for 2009 az state bar conventionJoan Bundy Law
The document discusses the concept of legal guardianship for animals as an alternative to considering them as property. It argues that guardianship would recognize animals as sentient beings deserving of protection from harm. A two-tier system is proposed with primary guardians like owners and secondary guardians like advocacy groups. Citizen suits are also discussed as a current way to challenge injuries to animals, though standing is sometimes denied. The document reviews arguments against guardianship but concludes the time has come for laws to better reflect the sentience of animals.
The document summarizes UK legislation related to zoos, including the Zoo Licensing Act 1981, the Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976, and the Convention on Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora 1973. It also discusses the Zoos Expert Committee, an independent body that advises the UK government on zoo matters and encourages zoos' roles in conservation, research, and education. Key points covered include licensing requirements for zoos, regulations regarding keeping exotic animals privately, and controls on trade of endangered species.
This document discusses the issue of puppy mills and canine trafficking. It outlines how puppy mills subject dogs to inhumane conditions like overbreeding, lack of veterinary care, and living in filthy, crowded cages. Several bills and laws have attempted to regulate puppy mills and define them, but they still have loopholes and lack proper enforcement. More comprehensive national laws and regulations are still needed to properly address this problem and prevent the inhumane treatment of dogs in puppy mills.
This document summarizes proceedings under New York Agriculture and Markets Law §123 regarding dangerous dogs. It defines key terms such as "dangerous dog", "physical injury", and "serious physical injury". It outlines the process for filing a complaint against an allegedly dangerous dog, including who can file a complaint, seizure and hearing procedures, and determinations a judge can make. It also discusses defenses, appeals, liability of dog owners, penalties, and related statutes. The document provides an overview of the legal framework and procedures for declaring a dog dangerous and the potential consequences.
What is the difference between a dangerous and potentially dangerous animal in Pierce County? How does a Pierce County Animal Control officer declare a animal dangerous or potentially dangerous? What is the process of declaring and appealing a dangerous or potentially dangerous dog declaration?
This document summarizes New York state law regarding dangerous dogs. It outlines procedures for declaring a dog dangerous, including witness complaints, judicial hearings, and evidence standards. It describes orders a judge can issue for dangerous dogs, such as neutering, microchipping, confinement, and liability insurance. It defines a dangerous dog and penalties for owners of dogs that cause physical injury or death. The law holds dangerous dog owners strictly liable for medical costs resulting from attacks.
This document defines the policy for euthanizing animals. It states that animal control officers, lieutenants, and sergeants who are trained and certified in euthanasia may euthanize animals in the field or after-hours with approval. It provides details on when inherently dangerous animals may be euthanized to protect lives. It also references California penal code allowing for humane destruction of stray animals that are too injured to move if a veterinarian is unavailable. The document outlines procedures for tracking euthanasia drug usage and disposal.
This document establishes guidelines for investigating alleged inhumane treatment of animals in Orange County. It outlines policies, procedures, and definitions for both routine and emergency investigations.
For routine investigations of issues like lack of food/water or minor medical neglect, officers will educate owners and issue compliance notices. If owners do not comply, animals may be seized after a pre-seizure hearing. For emergency cases involving animal cruelty, officers request police assistance, secure evidence, and impound injured animals for treatment. Veterinary reports are provided to support criminal prosecution when applicable. Thorough documentation and evidence collection procedures are defined.
Cat Licensing: One Animal Control Officer's ThoughtsHVCClibrary
This document discusses an animal control officer's views on cat licensing and control. It notes that current laws only allow ACOs to handle cats in limited situations and that municipalities often refuse to pay vet bills for unidentified sick or injured cats. It then lists some complaints about issues caused by uncontrolled outdoor cats, such as noise, fighting, waste in gardens, risks to wildlife, shorter lifespans compared to indoor cats, and the inhumane conditions of feral cat colonies. The author argues that cats should be licensed, identified with microchips, spayed/neutered, and kept safely indoors to address these problems.
This document provides an overview of legal issues related to dog bite claims. It discusses various theories of liability for dog bites, including negligent handling of animals, strict liability for dangerous domestic animals, and negligence per se for violating leash laws. It examines types of damages involved in dog bite claims such as medical expenses, disfigurement, lost wages, and pain and suffering. The document also reviews insurance coverage considerations and potential defenses to dog bite claims like the one-bite rule and provocation.
A Bone of Contention - Disposition of Family Pets In DivorceJason Brooks
This document summarizes the current legal status of pets during divorce proceedings in the United States. It discusses how pets are classified as property and disposed of according to state laws. It analyzes statistics on pet ownership in the US and devotion owners feel toward their pets. The document notes a growing problem - as more see pets as family, courts still view them as property - and discusses potential solutions given rising divorce rates and pet ownership.
This document summarizes New York State laws related to animal cruelty and companion animals. It notes that Article 26 of the Agriculture and Markets Law covers this topic. Key points include:
- All cats are defined as domesticated companion animals under the law.
- Cruelty to animals can be a misdemeanor or felony depending on the severity of the act.
- Law enforcement and humane societies are authorized to investigate animal cruelty cases.
- Abandoning or failing to properly care for animals are illegal acts.
- Injured or abandoned animals can be seized under certain conditions.
- Cats found hunting protected birds may be destroyed by authorities.
- While dogs must be licensed, cats currently
Gloucester, VA Board of Supervisors Guilty of Willful Misconduct?Chuck Thompson
Reprint of our article over at Gloucester, Virginia Links and News website. We are not attorney;s and are simply asking questions based on our research of law and input from the Gloucester County Attorney, Ted Wilmot.
Overview of New York Farm Animal Welfare LawCari Rincker
This presentation was prepared for Lawline -the lecture and CLE credits that go with this presentation are available via Lawline. This presentation discusses the national perspective of livestock animal cruelty law, New York farm animal welfare law, "cowboy" criminal procedure (discussing search and seizure) and my recommendations.
2. Animal Welfare Legal Issues 2 David C. Wells Co-Chair, Animal Welfare Committee Austin Bar Association wellsdc@wellslawoffice.com Kelley Dwyer, Rebecca Whitehouse Co-Chairs Based in part on a presentation prepared by Stacy Wolf, Senior Director, Legislative Services & Anti-Cruelty Training, ASPCA
3. What is "Animal Law"? Rights and responsibilities of humans in relation to animals. Dogs, cats, horses, other "pet" animals, livestock Property law Health & safety laws Criminal law Municipal/county law Texas Health & Safety Code Sec. 821.001. “DEFINITION. In this subchapter, ‘animal’ includes every living dumb creature.” 3
5. Who has Power to Seize Dogs and When? "Stray" dogs Left to local ordinance and regulation, no mention in Health & Safety Code Austin: a city employee may seize unrestrained dogs, including on private property with owner's permission. City Code Sec. 3-4-3. "Restrained" means leashed when with the owner or behind a fence. Bastrop: citizen or animal control officer may seize animals at large and turn them over to animal control. Code of Ordinances Sec. 2.04.005(b). 5
6. Dogs that have caused death or serious bodily injury to a person. Tex. Health & Safety Code Sec. 822.002 "Animal control authority" has power to seize them. Dog is impounded for a minimum of 10 days (rabies observation) A court shall order the dog "destroyed" if it finds the dog caused the death of a person. A court may order the dog "destroyed" if it finds the dog caused serious boldily injury to a person. 6 Who has Power to Seize Dogs and When? (cont.)
7. Dog or coyote attacking livestock (Sec. 822.013): May be killed by a person witnessing an attack or the owner of the animal(s) who were or are being attacked. Includes dogs who are "about to attack" livestock, whatever that means. May be seized by animal control officers May be seized by persons who find the dog on their property, then turned over to the owner or animal control. 7 Who has Power to Seize Dogs and When? (cont.)
8. NOTE the distinction between animal control authorities and private citizens. Most statutes and regulations only address animal control, law enforcement. 8 Who has Power to Seize Dogs and When? (cont.)
9. Seizure of animals that are suspected victims of cruelty State law governs seizure in cruelty cases. Seizure of cruelly-treated animals: Health & Safety Code Ch. 821, Subch. B Peace officer or animal control officer may seize an animal with "reason to believe" animal has been "cruelly treated" ("tortured, seriously overworked, unreasonably abandoned, unreasonably deprived of necessary food, care, or shelter, cruelly confined, or caused to fight with another animal“) 9
10. Hearing must be held within 10 days. Statements at this hearing are not admissible in a prosecution of the animal's owner for animal cruelty. Upon finding of cruelty, court can order the animal: Sold at auction Given to a nonprofit or public animal shelter "Humanely destroyed" if it is in the animal's best interest or the best interest of public safety Very limited rights of appeal for animal owners. This means very little caselaw. 10 Seizure of animals that are suspected victims of cruelty (cont.)
11. Animals surrendered without identification: Austin and Bastrop: 3 days. Animals surrendered with identification: Austin: 3 days Bastrop: 10 days, plus a requirement that animal control attempt to locate the owner Animals surrendered by the owner: Austin: does not specifically say Bastrop: animal becomes property of the city immediately Impounded animals must have sufficient food and water. Tex. Health & Safety Code Sec. 821.002(a) Person may enter a shelter to feed animals left more than 12 hours without food or water, may recover costs Sec. 821.002(b) 11 How long do shelters have to “hold” seized dogs?
12. If no one has come forward claiming ownership of the animal, it becomes the property of the city or county. Adoption Picked up by rescue group Euthanasia City of Austin prohibits euthanasia of animals by animal shelter for non-health or behavioral reasons when kennel space is available. City of Bastrop does not have that prohibition. 12 What Happens after the “Hold” period Expires?
13. Yes, if it is deemed to be in the animal's best interest. "The health authority may destroy an animal earlier than three business days after the date of impound if the health authority obtains an opinion from a veterinarian stating that the animal is sick or injured and that destruction is necessary to avoid unnecessary suffering by the animal." Austin City Code Sec. 3-1-26(B). Bastrop's Code does not specifically address this issue. 13 Can Shelters Euthanize during the hold period?
14. "Ownership" not defined by state statute. Austin: "a person who owns, feeds, keeps, maintains, or harbors an animal or who knowingly allows an animal to remain on the person’s property." City Code Sec. 3-1-1(9) Bastrop: "any person or entity having temporary or permanent custody of, owning, keeping, sheltering, in charge of, controlling, maintaining, having property rights to, or harboring one or more animals covered by this chapter." Code of Ordinances Sec. 201.001 14 How does one “prove” Ownership’?
15. Proof of title: •Microchip •License •ID tag •Veterinary records •Photographs 15 How does one “prove” Ownership’? (cont.)
16. No clear legal definition or standard. Typically at the end of any statutory hold period, if animal remains unclaimed. Also relates to cruel treatment laws and procedures. Owner can be divested of ownership if a court rules that cruel treatment occurred. 16 When does “ownership” end so that an animal can be legally adopted to another?
18. Volunteers who help non profit groups rescue animals in times of disaster Some legal protections if volunteer is acting within the scope of their volunteer role. Volunteer Protection Act, 42 U.S.C. § 14501 18
19. Only applies to volunteer assistance Must be “acting within scope of volunteer’s responsibilities” Properly licensed, certified or authorized (if required by law) Only applies to assistance to 501(c)(3) or (c)(4) non profits Only confers qualified immunity (for claims of negligence) Grossly negligent, willful, reckless behavior is not protected Harm cannot be caused by operation of vehicle, vessel or aircraft where the state requires a license and insurance Law doesn’t protect nonprofit corporation itself, just volunteers General liability insurance is crucial 19 Volunteer Protection Act
20. When can “rescue” result in criminal sanctions? Trespass. Tex. Pen. Code Sec. 30.05. Burglary. Tex. Pen. Code Sec. 30.02. Theft. Tex. Pen. Code Sec. 31.03. Animal cruelty. Tex. Pen. Code Sec. 42.09 (livestock animals), Sec. 42.091 (assistance animals), Sec. 421.092 (nonlivestock animals) Abandonment. Tex. Pen. Code Sec. 42.09(b)(1), 41.092(a)(1): "abandoning an animal in the person's custody without making reasonable arrangements for assumption of custody by another person." Health & Safety Code Sec. 821.021: "cruel treatment" includes "unreasonable" abandonment 20
21. Austin and Bastrop both include people with custody or care of an animal in their definition of an “owner.” Taking an animal into your custody by “rescuing” it could lead to criminal liability for animal cruelty for failing to provide adequate food, water, or shelter. 21 Possible animal cruelty liability of rescuers
22. Remember mensrea! Need intent to desert Health & Safety Code Sec. 821.021: "cruel treatment" includes "unreasonable" abandonment. If animal is abandoned, this may negate theft claim 22 Do you commit abandonment when you leave animals behind in a disaster?
23. Mensrea: What the defendant thinks matters Do you commit theft when you remove a dog from its home to save it from imminent disaster? Maybe no, if intent was to “rescue” and “reunite” Maybe yes, if intent was to remove and never return Case of Malvin Cavalier and Bandit 86 year-old Katrina refugee, forbidden to take dog Bandit with him. Bandit was rescued after the storm and adopted by a Pittsburgh couple. Cavalier sued when the adopters refused to return Bandit. The case settled and Bandit went back to New Orleans 23 Does it matter if a “rescuer” didn’t intend to “steal” a pet?
24. Defenses to Criminal Charges “Necessity” Would a reasonable person believe the defendant’s actions were necessary to avoid a greater harm? Was defendant at fault in creating the injury sought to be avoided? (e.g. you can’t use the necessity defense if you are one who placed the animal in the dangerous situation to begin with). Does the desirability and urgency of avoiding the threatened injury outweigh the desirability of the injury sought to be prevented by the criminal law defendant is charged with violating? (e.g. does the desirability of saving an animal from starvation outweigh the desirability of preventing trespass and larceny?) Were there any reasonable alternatives to the defendant’s actions? 24
26. Pets in Protective Orders SB 279, Protective Orders for Pets in Family Matters Allows inclusion of family pets in protective orders How does this relate to the subject of the protective order trying to claim the pet from an animal shelter? 26
27. HB 716, Feral Hog & Coyote Management Bill Expands rights of landowners to allow aerial hunting of feral hogs, coyotes, and other "nuisance" animals. HB 1919, Relating to a defense to prosecution for the offense of cruelty to nonlivestock animals under certain circumstances Defeated in the Legislature. This would have allowed a defense to an animal cruelty prosecution if a defendant claimed ‘reasonable fear of serious bodily injury’ to himself or another by a dog. 27 Feral Hogs and Coyotes