Here are the key points about lint and layoutopt from the document: - lint is a static analysis tool that checks for bugs and optimization opportunities in Android code. It comes pre-installed with Android Studio. - layoutopt is a tool that optimizes Android layout resources (XML files) to improve performance. It is run automatically by the build system. - lint checks the code for potential bugs, crashes, security issues and unnecessary or inefficient code. It produces warnings and errors. - layoutopt analyzes layout files and optimizes them by removing unnecessary attributes, merging rules etc. This makes layout inflation faster. - Both tools help improve the quality and performance of Android apps without requiring any code changes from the

1. Android: A Bunch of Tools
Romain Guy
@romainguy
http://www.curious-creature.org/+

2. Command line

3. $ adb bugreport

4. $ adb shell dumpsys

5. $ adb shell dumpsys meminfo <process>

6. ** MEMINFO in pid 1523 [com.example.android.sample] **
Shared Private Heap Heap Heap
Pss Dirty Dirty Size Alloc Free
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Native 3260 944 3220 9960 6359 20
Dalvik 6952 15612 6344 21319 16224 5095
Cursor 0 0 0
Ashmem 0 0 0
Other dev 12583 660 1096
.so mmap 1149 1812 352
.jar mmap 0 0 0
.apk mmap 114 0 0
.ttf mmap 7 0 0
.dex mmap 807 0 0
Other mmap 44 8 28
Unknown 1439 356 1424
TOTAL 26355 19392 12464 31279 22583 5115
1 of 2

7. ** MEMINFO in pid 1523 [com.example.android.sample] **
Shared Private Heap Heap Heap
Pss Dirty Dirty Size Alloc Free
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Native 3260 944 3220 9960 6359 20
Dalvik 6952 15612 6344 21319 16224 5095
Cursor 0 0 0
Ashmem 0 0 0
Other dev 12583 660 1096
.so mmap 1149 1812 352
.jar mmap 0 0 0
.apk mmap 114 0 0
.ttf mmap 7 0 0
.dex mmap 807 0 0
Other mmap 44 8 28
Unknown 1439 356 1424
TOTAL 26355 19392 12464 31279 22583 5115
1 of 2

8. ** MEMINFO in pid 1523 [com.example.android.sample] **
Shared Private Heap Heap Heap
Pss Dirty Dirty Size Alloc Free
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Native 3260 944 3220 9960 6359 20
Dalvik 6952 15612 6344 21319 16224 5095
Cursor 0 0 0
Ashmem 0 0 0
Other dev 12583 660 1096
.so mmap 1149 1812 352
.jar mmap 0 0 0
.apk mmap 114 0 0
.ttf mmap 7 0 0
.dex mmap 807 0 0
Other mmap 44 8 28
Unknown 1439 356 1424
TOTAL 26355 19392 12464 31279 22583 5115
1 of 2

9. ** MEMINFO in pid 1523 [com.example.android.sample] **
Shared Private Heap Heap Heap
Pss Dirty Dirty Size Alloc Free
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Native 3260 944 3220 9960 6359 20
Dalvik 6952 15612 6344 21319 16224 5095
Cursor 0 0 0
Ashmem 0 0 0
Other dev 12583 660 1096
.so mmap 1149 1812 352
.jar mmap 0 0 0
.apk mmap 114 0 0
.ttf mmap 7 0 0
.dex mmap 807 0 0
Other mmap 44 8 28
Unknown 1439 356 1424
TOTAL 26355 19392 12464 31279 22583 5115
1 of 2

10. Objects
Views: 45 ViewRootImpl: 1
AppContexts: 2 Activities: 1
Assets: 2 AssetManagers: 2
Local Binders: 13 Proxy Binders: 14
Death Recipients: 0
OpenSSL Sockets: 0
SQL
heap: 0 MEMORY_USED: 0
PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW: 0 MALLOC_SIZE: 0
Asset Allocations
zip:/data/app/com.example.android.sample-2.apk:/resources.arsc: 2K
2 of 2

11. Objects
Views: 45 ViewRootImpl: 1
AppContexts: 2 Activities: 1
Assets: 2 AssetManagers: 2
Local Binders: 13 Proxy Binders: 14
Death Recipients: 0
OpenSSL Sockets: 0
SQL
heap: 0 MEMORY_USED: 0
PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW: 0 MALLOC_SIZE: 0
Asset Allocations
zip:/data/app/com.example.android.sample-2.apk:/resources.arsc: 2K
2 of 2

12. Objects
Views: 45 ViewRootImpl: 1
AppContexts: 2 Activities: 1
Assets: 2 AssetManagers: 2
Local Binders: 13 Proxy Binders: 14
Death Recipients: 0
OpenSSL Sockets: 0
SQL
heap: 0 MEMORY_USED: 0
PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW: 0 MALLOC_SIZE: 0
Asset Allocations
zip:/data/app/com.example.android.sample-2.apk:/resources.arsc: 2K
2 of 2

13. $ adb shell dumpsys gfxinfo <process>

14. Caches:
Current memory usage / total memory usage (bytes):
TextureCache 1166964 / 25165824
LayerCache 0 / 16777216
GradientCache 0 / 524288
PathCache 0 / 4194304
CircleShapeCache 0 / 1048576
OvalShapeCache 0 / 1048576
RoundRectShapeCache 0 / 1048576
RectShapeCache 0 / 1048576
ArcShapeCache 0 / 1048576
TextDropShadowCache 0 / 2097152
FontRenderer 0 262144 / 262144
FontRenderer 1 262144 / 262144
FontRenderer 2 262144 / 262144
Other:
FboCache 1 / 16
PatchCache 22 / 512
Total memory usage:
1953396 bytes, 1.86 MB
View hierarchy:
android.view.ViewRootImpl@40b82f70: 45 views, 4.97 kB (display lists)
Total ViewRootImpl: 1
Total Views: 45
Total DisplayList: 4.97 kB

15. Caches:
Current memory usage / total memory usage (bytes):
TextureCache 1166964 / 25165824
LayerCache 0 / 16777216
GradientCache 0 / 524288
PathCache 0 / 4194304
CircleShapeCache 0 / 1048576
OvalShapeCache 0 / 1048576
RoundRectShapeCache 0 / 1048576
RectShapeCache 0 / 1048576
ArcShapeCache 0 / 1048576
TextDropShadowCache 0 / 2097152
FontRenderer 0 262144 / 262144
FontRenderer 1 262144 / 262144
FontRenderer 2 262144 / 262144
Other:
FboCache 1 / 16
PatchCache 22 / 512
Total memory usage:
1953396 bytes, 1.86 MB
View hierarchy:
android.view.ViewRootImpl@40b82f70: 45 views, 4.97 kB (display lists)
Total ViewRootImpl: 1
Total Views: 45
Total DisplayList: 4.97 kB

16. Caches:
Current memory usage / total memory usage (bytes):
TextureCache 1166964 / 25165824
LayerCache 0 / 16777216
GradientCache 0 / 524288
PathCache 0 / 4194304
CircleShapeCache 0 / 1048576
OvalShapeCache 0 / 1048576
RoundRectShapeCache 0 / 1048576
RectShapeCache 0 / 1048576
ArcShapeCache 0 / 1048576
TextDropShadowCache 0 / 2097152
FontRenderer 0 262144 / 262144
FontRenderer 1 262144 / 262144
FontRenderer 2 262144 / 262144
Other:
FboCache 1 / 16
PatchCache 22 / 512
Total memory usage:
1953396 bytes, 1.86 MB
View hierarchy:
android.view.ViewRootImpl@40b82f70: 45 views, 4.97 kB (display lists)
Total ViewRootImpl: 1
Total Views: 45
Total DisplayList: 4.97 kB

17. And more...

18. Tracking memory

19. Memory tracking tools
• DDMS heap dump
– hat, Eclipse MAT
• Allocation Tracker

20. More information
• Eclipse Memory Analyzer (MAT)
– Supported by ADT
– http://eclipse.org/mat/
• Memory Management for Android Apps
– Google I/O 2011
– http://www.google.com/events/io/2011/sessions/memory-
management-for-android-apps.html

21. Demo
DDMS & hat

22. Tracking... stuff

23. Demo
DDMS graphs

24. Analyzing performance

25. Performance analysis tools
• Frame rate
• traceview

26. Tracking Frame Rate

27. Framerate counter
preDrawListener = new OnPreDrawListener() {
@Override
public boolean onPreDraw() {
trackFPS();
return true;
}
};
ViewTreeObserver observer = view.getViewTreeObserver();
observer.addOnPreDrawListener(preDrawListener);

28. long mFpsStartTime = -1;
long mFpsPrevTime = -1;
int mFpsNumFrames = 0;
private void trackFPS() {
long nowTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
if (mFpsStartTime < 0) {
mFpsStartTime = mFpsPrevTime = nowTime;
mFpsNumFrames = 0;
} else {
++mFpsNumFrames;
long frameTime = nowTime - mFpsPrevTime;
long totalTime = nowTime - mFpsStartTime;
Log.d("FPS", "Frame time:t" + frameTime);
mFpsPrevTime = nowTime;
if (totalTime > 1000) {
float fps = (float) mFpsNumFrames * 1000 / totalTime;
Log.d("FPS", "FPS:t" + fps);
mFpsStartTime = nowTime;
mFpsNumFrames = 0;
}
}
}

29. Framerate counter
• Use code on preceding slides in your onDraw() method
• Or if you can change the source
– Set DEBUG_FPS to true in ViewRootImpl.java
– Rebuild frameworks

30. Demo
traceview

31. Hardware

32. HDMI Capture
• 60 fps recording
• Frame by frame replay
• Requires fast computer
• Requires HDMI output on device
– Xoom
– Galaxy Nexus
• e.g. BlackMagic Intensity Pro

34. High-speed Camera
• Great framerate
– 60 to 1200 fps
• Low resolution & affordable
– e.g. Casio EX-F1 300fps@512x384
• High resolution & (very) expensive
– e.g. RED EPIC-M 300fps@2048x854
• Support all devices

36. Demo
HDMI recorder and high-speed camera

37. HierarchyViewer

38. @ViewDebug.ExportedProperty

39. @ViewDebug.ExportedProperty
• Fields
• Methods
– No argument
– Return value
– i.e. getters

40. @ViewDebug.ExportedProperty(mapping = {
@ViewDebug.IntToString(from = VISIBLE, to = "VISIBLE"),
@ViewDebug.IntToString(from = INVISIBLE, to = "INVISIBLE"),
@ViewDebug.IntToString(from = GONE, to = "GONE")
})
int mVisibility;

41. @ViewDebug.ExportedProperty(resolveId = true)
int mID = NO_ID;

42. @ViewDebug.ExportedProperty(
deepExport = true,
prefix = "layout_")
public ViewGroup.LayoutParams getLayoutParams() {
return mLayoutParams;
}

43. Limitations
• Does not work on retail devices
– “user” builds
– Security reasons
• Works on
– “userdebug” builds
– “eng” builds
– emulator

44. ViewServer
https://github.com/romainguy/ViewServer

45. public class ViewServerActivity extends Activity {
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
ViewServer.get(this).addWindow(this);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
ViewServer.get(this).removeWindow(this);
}
@Override
public void onResume() {
super.onResume();
ViewServer.get(this).setFocusedWindow(this);
}
}

46. public class ViewServerActivity extends Activity {
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
ViewServer.get(this).addWindow(this);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
ViewServer.get(this).removeWindow(this);
}
@Override
public void onResume() {
super.onResume();
ViewServer.get(this).setFocusedWindow(this);
}
}

47. public class ViewServerActivity extends Activity {
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
ViewServer.get(this).addWindow(this);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
ViewServer.get(this).removeWindow(this);
}
@Override
public void onResume() {
super.onResume();
ViewServer.get(this).setFocusedWindow(this);
}
}

48. public class ViewServerActivity extends Activity {
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
ViewServer.get(this).addWindow(this);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
ViewServer.get(this).removeWindow(this);
}
@Override
public void onResume() {
super.onResume();
ViewServer.get(this).setFocusedWindow(this);
}
}

49. ViewServer
• Single class
– Apache 2.0 license
– Requires INTERNET permission
• API works with
– Activity
– Window
• Only
– for your app
– for debuggable apps
– on user builds

50. layoutopt

51. li n t
layoutopt

52. lint
$ lint frameworks/base/tests/ChetBugs/TextViewScale
AndroidManifest.xml: Warning: Manifest should specify a minimum API level with <uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="?" />; if it really supports all versions of Android set it to 1. [UsesSdk]
res/drawable-hdpi/change_background.png: Warning: The resource R.drawable.change_background appears to be unused
[UnusedResources]
res/drawable-hdpi/gbread.jpg: Warning: The resource R.drawable.gbread appears to be unused [UnusedResources]
res/drawable-hdpi/gbread_sm.jpg: Warning: The resource R.drawable.gbread_sm appears to be unused
[UnusedResources]
res/drawable-hdpi/refresh.png: Warning: The resource R.drawable.refresh appears to be unused [UnusedResources]
res/drawable-hdpi/self_portrait.jpg: Warning: The resource R.drawable.self_portrait appears to be unused
[UnusedResources]
res/drawable-hdpi/gbread.jpg: Warning: The image gbread.jpg varies significantly in its density-independent (dip)
size across the various density versions: drawable-mdpi/gbread.jpg: 2560x1920 dp (2560x1920 px), drawable-hdpi/
gbread.jpg: 1707x1280 dp (2560x1920 px) [IconDipSize]
res/drawable-hdpi/gbread_sm.jpg: Warning: The image gbread_sm.jpg varies significantly in its density-independent
(dip) size across the various density versions: drawable-mdpi/gbread_sm.jpg: 480x640 dp (480x640 px), drawable-
hdpi/gbread_sm.jpg: 320x427 dp (480x640 px) [IconDipSize]
res/drawable-hdpi/self_portrait.jpg: Warning: The image self_portrait.jpg varies significantly in its density-
independent (dip) size across the various density versions: drawable-mdpi/self_portrait.jpg: 671x800 dp (671x800
px), drawable-hdpi/self_portrait.jpg: 447x533 dp (671x800 px) [IconDipSize]
res/drawable-mdpi/gbread.jpg: Warning: The gbread.jpg icon has identical contents in the following configuration
folders: drawable-hdpi, drawable-mdpi [IconDuplicatesConfig]
res/drawable-mdpi/gbread_sm.jpg: Warning: The gbread_sm.jpg icon has identical contents in the following
configuration folders: drawable-hdpi, drawable-mdpi [IconDuplicatesConfig]
res/drawable-mdpi/self_portrait.jpg: Warning: The self_portrait.jpg icon has identical contents in the following
configuration folders: drawable-hdpi, drawable-mdpi [IconDuplicatesConfig]
res/drawable-mdpi/self_portrait.jpg: Warning: The self_portrait.jpg icon has identical contents in the following
configuration folders: drawable-hdpi, drawable-mdpi [IconDuplicatesConfig]
res: Warning: Missing density variation folders in res: drawable-xhdpi [IconMissingDensityFolder]
0 errors, 13 warnings

53. Better yet, use html
$ lint frameworks/base/tests/ChetBugs/TextViewScale --html ~/tmp/lintoutput.html

54. Future tools

55. OpenGL Monitor
• Tracing
• Profiling
• State tracking
• Capture
– Framebuffer
– Intermediate drawing stages
– Textures

56. Demo
OpenGL Monitor

58. Q&A