Electric Vehicle Forum 2022- Idoan Marciano, Energy Technology dan EV Analyst...zonaebt.com
Webinar Simposium Kendaraan Listrik “Electric Vehicle Forum 2022”
[WEBINAR ELECTRICAL VEHICLE FORUM 2022]
"Peran Lembaga Finance dalam Pembiayaan Kendaraan Listrik"
Zona EBT menyelenggarakan Webinar Electrical Vehicle Forum 2022 yang akan dilasanakan pada
: Senin 7 Februari 2022
: 09.00 - 12.00 WIB
: Zoom Meetings dan Live Streaming YouTube Channel ZonaEBT
️ Speakers:
✨ Day 1 ✨
"Kendaraan Listrik Tren Masa Depan Transportasi"
1. Andianto Haryoko, Kasubdit Ekosistem Pemanfaatan TIK, Bappenas RI
2. Wilson Teoh, Ketua Umum Asosiasi Kendaraan Listrik (AISMOLI)
3. Idoan Marciano, Energy Technology dan EV Analyst IESR
Benefits
- Free Registration
- E-certificate
- Doorprize
Yuk segera daftarkan dirimu pada tautan berikut
bit.ly/PendaftaranWebinarEV
bit.ly/PendaftaranWebinarEV
bit.ly/PendaftaranWebinarEV
Narahubung
Dika Ariantika (087 863 101 995) WhatsApp
Assa Farida (081 510 214 225) WhatsApp
Yuk, ajak temanmu sebanyak banyaknya untuk join webinar ini! Sampai jumpa di Webinar
#ZonaEBT
#SebarTerbarukan
#Renewableenergy
#WebinarEBT
#infowebinar
#infoacara
#infoseminar
#infosimposium
#energiterbarukan
#kendaraanlistrik
#electricvehicles
Electric Vehicle Forum 2022- Idoan Marciano, Energy Technology dan EV Analyst...zonaebt.com
Webinar Simposium Kendaraan Listrik “Electric Vehicle Forum 2022”
[WEBINAR ELECTRICAL VEHICLE FORUM 2022]
"Peran Lembaga Finance dalam Pembiayaan Kendaraan Listrik"
Zona EBT menyelenggarakan Webinar Electrical Vehicle Forum 2022 yang akan dilasanakan pada
: Senin 7 Februari 2022
: 09.00 - 12.00 WIB
: Zoom Meetings dan Live Streaming YouTube Channel ZonaEBT
️ Speakers:
✨ Day 1 ✨
"Kendaraan Listrik Tren Masa Depan Transportasi"
1. Andianto Haryoko, Kasubdit Ekosistem Pemanfaatan TIK, Bappenas RI
2. Wilson Teoh, Ketua Umum Asosiasi Kendaraan Listrik (AISMOLI)
3. Idoan Marciano, Energy Technology dan EV Analyst IESR
Benefits
- Free Registration
- E-certificate
- Doorprize
Yuk segera daftarkan dirimu pada tautan berikut
bit.ly/PendaftaranWebinarEV
bit.ly/PendaftaranWebinarEV
bit.ly/PendaftaranWebinarEV
Narahubung
Dika Ariantika (087 863 101 995) WhatsApp
Assa Farida (081 510 214 225) WhatsApp
Yuk, ajak temanmu sebanyak banyaknya untuk join webinar ini! Sampai jumpa di Webinar
#ZonaEBT
#SebarTerbarukan
#Renewableenergy
#WebinarEBT
#infowebinar
#infoacara
#infoseminar
#infosimposium
#energiterbarukan
#kendaraanlistrik
#electricvehicles
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Analisis subsidi bbm di jadetabe 1111
1. Analisis
Penggunaan dan Subsidi
Premium dan Solar untuk Kendaraan
di Jakarta, Depok, Tangerang dan Bekasi
Martahan Tambunan*
1
Pendahuluan
Permintaan Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) di Daerah Jakarta, Depok, Tangerang
dan Bekasi (JADETABEK) pada tahun 2005 meningkat drastis. Hal ini karena tingginya
angka penjualan Kendaraan baik Sepeda Motor, BIS, Truk, dan Sedan. Juga adanya
kecenderungan masyarakat untuk menggunakan BBM kurang berm
Files and Settings Transfer Wizard.lnk
afaat. Misalnya, pola hidup sebagian pemilik
Kendaraan yang senang bepergian (sekadar berkeliling kota atau tamasya ke luar kota
dengan mengunakan Sepeda Motor dan Sedan) pada akhir pekan dan hari-hari libur,
kondisi ini dinilai sebagai pemborosan BBM yang memicu tingginya Penggunaan premium
dan solar dan juga dapat dilihat kepemilikan Kendaraan roda dua pada setiap keluarga
JADETABEK semakin meningkat. Saat ini penjualan otomotif di Indonesia semakin
meningkat yang tentunya akan berpengaruh pula terhadap kebutuhan BBM yang
berdampak pada beban pemerintah pada subsidi premium dan solar yang diperuntukkan
bagi Sepeda Motor, BIS, Truk, dan Sedan.
Kelangkaan akibat kekurangan BBM (premium dan solar) di Indonesia
berpengaruh luas pada kehidupan dan aktivitas masyarakat, khususnya di JADETABEK
pengaruh kekurangan BBM menimbulkan antrian panjang masyarakat JADETABEK untuk
mendapatkan premium dan solar di Stasiun Pengisian Bahan Bakar Umum (SPBU). Berita
antrian tersebut ditulis oleh media massa terbitan ibu kota antara lain :
Di SPBU Jl Kedoya Raya, Jakarta Barat juga terjadi antrean panjang. Antrean
bisa mencapai 100 meter sehingga sempat memacetkan lalu lintas. Jajaran
Pemerintah Provinsi (Pemprov) DKI Jakarta akan mengawasi langsung SPBU
setiap hari, menyusul berkurangnya pasokan premium dan solar (Suara
Pembaruan daily, 5 Juli 2005)
Kebutuhan akan premium dan solar di JADETABEK perlu mendapat perhatian,
agar kekurangan yang terjadi dapat dihindari. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan adalah
melakukan penghematan penggunaan premium dan solar bagi Kendaraan di
JADETABEK. Untuk melakukan penghematan premium dan solar diperlukan penataan
penggunaan premium dan solar bagi Kendaraan di JADETABEK. Sehingga untuk
penataan yang diingikan, diperlukan informasi tentang :
1. Seberapa besar premium dan solar yang dibutuhkan setiap hari
dan tahun dari tahun 2000 s.d. 2005 dan prediksi pada tahun 2006 s.df. 2010 oleh
4 (empat) jenis Kendaraan, yaitu Sepeda motor, Sedan, Bis, dan Truk di
JADETABEK
2. Subsidi dari pemerintah terhadap harga premium dan solar dari
tahun 2000 s.d. 2005
Pendaftaran untuk mendapat nomor registrasi kendaraan di Jakarta, Depok,
Tangerang, dan Bekasi (Registrasi No. Polisi adalah B) berada pada Polda Metro Jaya.
Sesuai dari data Kepolisian Republik Indonesia yang didapat pada Statistik Indonesia
1*) Perencana Muda, Biro Kerjasama dan Pemasyarakatan Iptek LIPI
1
2. 2003, diperoleh data bahwa jumlah dan jenis Kendaraan (Sedan, Bis, Truk, dan Sepeda
Motor) yang terdaftar pada tahun 2000 s.d. 2002 di Polda Metro Jaya ditampilkan pada
tabel beikut :
Tabel. 1.
Jumlah dan Jenis Kendaraan di DKI Tahun 2000 -2002
Berdasarkan Data Kepolisian Reapublik Indonesia
Tahun 2000 2001 2002
Jumlah Kendaraan Jeumlah Kendaraan Jumlah Kendaraan
(Unit) (Unit) (Unit)
Jenis Kendaraan
Sedan 1.237.778 1.345.156 1.470.516
Bis 311.627 312.322 312.606
Truk 397.076 415.970 435.010
Sepeda Motor 2.212.961 2.446.471 2.645.597
Sumber : Kepolisian Republik Indonesia, Statistik Indonesia 2003
Peningkatan Kenderaaan di JADETABEK
Peningkatan Jumlah dan jenis Kendaraan JADETABEK dari tahun ke tahun
sangat drastis, ini dapat terlihat dari prosentase kenaikan setiap tahun. Hasil perhitungan
dari tahun 2000 s.d. 2002 peningkatan jumlah Kendaraan Sedan mengalami kenaikan
8,25%, Bis 0,155%, Truk 4,46%, dan Sepeda Motor 8,53%.
Tabel. 2.
Kenaikan Jumlah dan Jenis Kendaraan di DKI
dari Tahun 2000 ke 2001 dan 2001 ke 2002
2000 2001 2002
Tahun
Jumlah
Kendaraan Kenaikan Jumlah Kendaraan Kenaikan Jumlah Kendaraan
(Unit) (%) (Unit) (%) (Unit)
Jenis Kendaraan
Sedan 1.237.778 7,98 1.345.156 8,52 1.470.516
Bis 311.627 0,22 312.322 0,09 312.606
Truk 397.076 4,54 415.970 4,38 435.010
Sepeda Motor 2.212.961 9,54 2.446.471 7,53 2.645.597
Oleh karena data jumlah dan jenis Kendaraan bermotor pada tahun 2003 s.d.
2005 yang terdaftar di Polda Metro Jaya tidak diketahui, maka untuk mendapatkan
jumlah Kendaraan tersebut dilakukan prediksi dengan asumsi setiap tahun kenaikan
untuk Sedan (8,25%), Bis (0,155%), Truk (4,46%), dan Sepeda Motor (8,53%). Data
hasil perhitungan diberikan pada tabel beikut :
Tabel. 3.
Prediksi Jumlah dan Jenis Kendaraan di DKI
dari Tahun 2000 s.d. 2005
Tahun 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Jumlah Jumlah Jumlah Jumlah Jumlah Jumlah
Kendaraan Kendaraan Kendaraan Kendaraan Kendaraan Kendaraan
Jenis Kendaraan (Unit) (Unit) (Unit) (Unit) (Unit) (Unit)
Sedan 1,237,778 1,345,156 1,470,516 1,591,834 1,723,160 1,865,321
Bis 311,627 312,322 312,606 313,091 313,576 314,062
Truk 397,076 415,970 435,010 454,411 474,678 495,849
Sepeda Motor 2,212,961 2,446,471 2,645,597 2,871,266 3,116,185 3,381,996
2
3. Penggunaan Premium dan Solar
Secara umum dapat dinyatakan Sedan dan Sepeda Motor menggunakan bahan
bakar premium, sedangkan Bis dan truk menggunakan solar. Asumsi penggunaan
premium untuk setiap unit Sepeda Motor dan Sedan setiap hari adalah 2 dan 10 liter,
sedangkan penggunaan solar untuk Bis dan Truk, 50 dan 30 liter. Adapun data yang
diperoleh dari hasil perhitungan penggunaan premium untuk Sepeda Motor dan Sedan,
serta penggunaan solar untuk Bis dan Truk. di JADETABEK seperti terlihat pada berikut :
Tabel. 4.
Kebutuhan Premium dan Solar untuk 4 Jenis Kendaraan Di JADETABEK
Kebutuhan Kebutuhan Harga Dana untuk Kebutuhan Dana untuk Kebutuhan
Tahun BBM/Hari BBm/Tahun BBM BBM/Hari BBM/Tahun
(Liter) (Liter) (Rp.) (Rp.) (Rp.)
2000
16,803,702 6,133,351,230 1,150 19,324,257,300 7,053,353,914,500
Premium
Solar 11,912,280 10,035,174,950 600 7,147,368,000 6,021,104,970,000
Total 26,471,625,300 13,074,458,884,500
2001
Premium 18,344,502 6,695,743,230 1,450 26,599,527,900 9,708,827,683,500
Solar 12,479,100 10,254,748,000 900 11,231,190,000 9,229,273,200,000
Total 37,830,717,900 18,938,100,883,500
2002
Premium 19,996,354 7,298,669,210 1,750 34,993,619,500 12,772,671,117,500
Solar 13,050,300 10,468,419,000 1,550 20,227,965,000 16,226,049,450,000
Total 55,221,584,500 28,998,720,567,500
2003
Premium 21,660,869 7,906,217,020 1,810 39,206,172,072 14,310,252,806,368
Solar 13,632,343 10,689,707,676 1,650 22,493,366,577 17,638,017,665,276
Total 61,699,538,649 31,948,270,471,645
2004
Premium 23,463,969 8,564,348,793 1,810 42,469,784,425 15,501,471,315,007
Solar 14,240,346 10,920,485,142 1,650 23,496,570,726 18,018,800,485,024
Total 65,966,355,151 33,520,271,800,030
2005
Premium 25,417,197 9,277,277,051 2,400 61,001,273,762 22,265,464,923,094
Solar 14,875,465 11,161,174,010 2,200 32,726,023,708 24,554,582,820,988
Total 93,727,297,470 46,820,047,744,082
Subsidi
Pada perkembangan perekonomian skala nasional, subsidi mempunyai arti
adalah bantuan yang diberikan pemerintah pusat untuk meringankan beban biaya yang
seharusnya ditanggung oleh masyarakat atau badan-badan pemerintah. Untuk memenuhi
akan kebutuhan barang-barang atau jasa tertentu, termasuk barang-barang kebutuhan
pokok. Kadang-kadang masyarakat harus membayar mahal, misalnya, apabila persediaan
premium dan solar dalam negeri tidak mencukupi, pemerintah terpaksa menginpor
premium dan solar meskipun harga premium dan solar di luar negeri lebih mahal. Agar
tidak terjadi lonjakan harga premium dan solar di dalam negeri serta untuk menjamin
3
4. terjangkaunya harga oleh masyarakat banyak, pemerintah memberikan subsidi yaitu
dengan menanggung selisih antara harga impor dan harga premium dan solar yang
berlaku di dalam negeri. Harga pembelian preimum dan solar oleh pemerintah mengacu
pada Mid Oil Platts Singapore (MOPS). Perkembangan harga premium dan solar serta
subsidi dari tahun 2000 s.d. 2005 disajikan pada tebel berikut :
Tabel. 5.
Perkembangan Harga Premiun dan Solar per Liter dari Tahun 2000 s.d. 2005
(dalam Rp.)
Harga Premium Harga Minyak Solar
Kurun Waktu Subsidi Subsidi
Dalam Negeri Internasional Dalam Negeri Internasional
Oktober 2000 1,450 2,900 1,450 900 1,800 900
Desember 2001 1,450 2,900 1,450 900 1,780 880
Desember 2002 1,750 2,188 438 1,550 2,060 510
Desember 2003 1,810 2,080 270 1,650 2,160 510
Desember 2004 1,810 2,100 290 1,650 2,100 450
Agustus 2005 2,400 4,640 2,240 2,200 5,550 3,350
Sumber: Perkembangan Harga BBM, PT. Pertamina (Persero)
Subsidi premium dan solar yang diberikan oleh pemerintah Indonesia telah
dilakukan sejak Pelita I dan dianggarkan setiap tahun dalam Angaran Pendapatan Belanja
Negara (APBN). Untuk tahun 2001 s.d. 2005, pemerintah telah memberikan subsidi
premium dan solar pada 4 (empat) Jenis Kendaraan di JADETABEK dijelaskan pada tebel beikut :
Tabel. 6.
Subsidi terhadap Harga Premium dan Solar untuk 4 (empat) Jenis Kendaraan di JADETABEK
Subsidi
Kebutuhan Kebutuhan Dana untuk Subsidi Dana untuk Subsidi
BBM
Tahun BBM/Hari BBm/Tahun BBM/Hari BBM/Tahun
/Liter
(Liter) (Liter) (Rp.) (Rp.)
(Rp.)
2000
Premium 16,803,702 6,133,351,230 1,150 19,324,257,300 7,053,353,914,500
Solar 11,912,280 10,035,174,950 900 10,721,052,000 9,031,657,455,000
Total 30,045,309,300 16,085,011,369,500
2001
Premium 18,344,502 6,695,743,230 1,450 26,599,527,900 9,708,827,683,500
Solar 12,479,100 10,254,748,000 880 10,981,608,000 9,024,178,240,000
Total 37,581,135,900 18,733,005,923,500
2002
Premium 19,996,354 7,298,669,210 438 8,758,403,052 3,196,817,113,980
Solar 13,050,300 10,468,419,000 510 6,655,653,000 5,338,893,690,000
Total 15,414,056,052 8,535,710,803,980
2003
Premium 21,660,869 7,906,217,020 270 5,848,434,508 2,134,678,595,425
Solar 13,632,343 10,689,707,676 510 6,952,495,124 5,451,750,914,722
Total 12,800,929,632 7,586,429,510,147
2004
Premium 23,463,969 8,564,348,793 290 6,804,551,096 2,483,661,149,918
Solar 14,240,346 10,920,485,142 450 6,408,155,653 4,914,218,314,097
Total 13,212,706,748 7,397,879,464,016
2005
Premium 25,417,197 9,277,277,051 2,240 56,934,522,178 20,781,100,594,888
Solar 14,875,465 11,161,174,010 3.350 48.832.808.828 37.389.932.931.959
4
5. Total 106,767,331,005 58.171.033.526.847
Analisis
Hubungan antara jumlah Kendaraan setiap tahun dengan Penggunaan premium
dan solar setiap tahun mengalami peningkatan, hal ini terlihat dengan jelas kebutuhan
premium dan solar pada gambar 1. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data pada tabel 6,
dapat diperoleh bentuk persamaan garis regresi sederhana Y(1) =7,64 109+0,31 109X
dan Y(2) =10,58 109+0,11 109X, dimana Y(1) dan Y(2) adalah besaran kebutuhan
14
Y(2) = 10,58 109 + 0,11 109 X
Kebutuhan Premium dan Solar (109 Liter)
12
10
8
6 Y(1) = 7,64 109 + 0,31 109 X
4
2
-
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Tahun
Premium Solar
premium dan solar pada tahun tertentu.
Gambar.1. Kebutuhan Premium untuk Sepeda Motor dan Sedan serta
Solar untuk Bis dan Truk di JADETABEK per Tahun
Dengan demikian, persamaan regresi sederhana Y(1) dan Y(2) dapat digunakan
untuk memprediksi penggunaan premium dan solar dari tahun 2006 s.d. 2010 untuk 4
(empat jenis Kendaraan di JADETABEK. Hasil Perhitungan, diperoleh Penggunaan
premium dan solar seperti tabel berikut :
Tabel. 7.
Prediksi Penggunaan Premium dan Solar untuk Sepeda Motor/Sedan
dan Bis/Truk dari Tahun 2006 s.d. 2010
Penggunaan
Tahun Premium Solar
(109 Liter) (109 Liter)
2006 9,81 11,35
2007 10,43 11,57
2008 11,05 11,79
2009 11,67 12,01
2010 12,29 12,23
5
6. Bila subsidi premium dan solar yang diuraikan pada tabel 7, digambarkan dalam
bentuk kurva akan terlihat peningkatan yang sangat mencolok pada tahun 2005,
perbedaan ini disebabkan pada tahun 2005, subsidi yang diberikan relatif besar
dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya.
40
35
30
25
Subsidi (Rp. 10 12 )
20
15
10
5
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Tahun
Premium Solar
Gambar 2. Subsidi Premium dan Solar
Kurva ini dapat menjelaskan hubungan antara subsidi premium dan solar yang
menjadi beban pemerintah setiap tahun untuk Penggunaan 4 (empat) jenis Kendaraan di
JADETABEK, perbedaan antara sebelum dan tahun 2005 sangat mencolok. Pada tahun
2005, subsidi premium untuk Sepeda motor dan Sedan diperkirakan
Rp.20,781,100,594,888,- dan subsidi solar untuk kebutuhan Bis serta truk adalah Rp.
37.389.932.931.959, sehingga total subsidi untuk kenderaan di JADETABEK adalah Rp.
58.171.033.526.847. Sehingga gambar 2. hanya dapat memberikan informasi, bahwa dana
yang digunakan untuk subsidi premium bagi Sepeda Motor/Sedan di JADETABEK relatif
besar.
Kesimpulan dan Saran
Kesimpulan
1. Premium yang digunakan oleh Kendaraan (Sepeda
Motor dan Sedan) di JADETABEK, setiap tahun mengalami peningkatan, pada
tahun 2010 diprediksi dengan menggunakan persamaan Y(1) = 7,64 109 + 0,31
109 X banyaknya premium yang digunakan oleh Sepeda motor dan Sedan
adalah 12,29 109 Liter. Jumlah ini lebih besar dari produksi kilang minyak mentah
di Indonesia pada tahun 2003, yaitu 11.534.998.333 liter;
2. Solar yang digunakan oleh Kendaraan (Bis dan Truk) di
JADETABEK, kecenderungan mengalami peningkatan lebih kecil dari
Penggunaan premium utuk Sepeda Motor dan Sedan, Prediksi pada tahun 2010,
6
7. dengan menggunakan persamaan Y(2) =10,58 109 + 0,11 109 X diperoleh
Penggunaan solar adalah 12,23 109 Liter;
3. Sesuai dengan UU No. 28 tahun 2003, dimana Jumlah
anggaran belanja Negara Tahun Anggaran 2004 direncanakan sebesar Rp.
374.351.263.087.000,- (tiga ratus tujuh puluh empat triliun tiga ratus lima puluh
satu miliar dua ratus enam puluh tiga juta delapan puluh tujuh ribu rupiah), jika
dibadningkan dengan subsidi premium untuk Sepeda motor dan Sedan di
JADETABEK pada tahun 2004 sebesar Rp. 2,483,661,149,918, diperoleh
prosentase subsidi sebesar 0.66%, sedangkan tahun 2005 prosentasenya adalah
5.55 %.
Saran
1. Harga jual premium di JADETABEK, disesuaikan dengan harga
MOPS + PPh (15%) + PPn (10%) + Pajak Bahan Kendaraan Bermotor.
Penetapan harga premium sesuai dengan MOPS berdampak pada pemanfaatan
premium yang digunakan untuk bahan bakar sepeda motor dan sedan pada
keperluan yang berguna. Cara penentuan harga ini, juga merupakan cara untuk
melakukan penghematan premium.
2. Harga jual solar di JADETABEK sebaiknya tetap mendapat subsidi,
karena solar adalah bahan bakar yang diperlukan oleh Kendaraan, dimana
Kendaraan tersebut sangat dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat, seperti angkutan umum;
3. Pemerintah Propinsi DKI Jakarta, Pemerintah Kota Depok,
Pemerintah Kabupaten Tangerang dan Bekasi perlu membuat suatu Peraturan
Daerah (Perda) tentang :
BBM untuk Kendaraan Angkutan Umum adalah solar atau dapat diartikan
setiap Kendaraan yang ”berplat kuning” tidak boleh menggunakan premium;
BBM untuk Sedan ditetapkan menggunakan premium atau dengan kata lain
setiap Kendaraan yang ”berplat hitam” tidak boleh menggunakan solar.
4. Jika poin 1 dapat terlaksana, maka Pemerintah Propinsi DKI,
Pemeirintah Kota Depok, Pemerintah Kabupaten Tangerang dan Bekasi dapat
mengajukan dana kompensasi ke Pemerintah Pusat dari pemberian subsidi
premium yang seharusnya diterima oleh masyarakat JADETABEK.
Daftar Pustaka
1. J. Supranto, Statistik Teori dan Aplikasi, Jakarta, Erlangga, 1999
2. Biro Pusat Statistik, Statistik Indonesia 2003, Jakarta, 2004
3. Kepres Nomor 73 Tahun 2001, Harga Jula Eceran Bahan Bakar
Minyak dalam Negeri, 15 Juni 2001
4. PT. Pertamina (Persero), Perkembangan Harga BBM, 2005
7