The document discusses proofs for the appointment of Imams by Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). It discusses four main hadiths and narratives as evidence: 1) The hadith of Thaqalayn which says to follow both the Quran and the Prophet's descendants. 2) The hadith of Safinah which compares the Prophet's household to Noah's Ark, saying those who follow them will be saved. 3) The verse of wilayah which discusses obeying Allah, the Prophet and believers, referring to Imam Ali when revealed. 4) The important hadith of Ghadir Khumm which the document says it will discuss in more detail

1. AN INTRODUCTION
TO ISLAM
By:
Sayed Muhammad
Husaini Raqeb
Qom,Iran 2016
Part 12
In the Name of
Allah,
The Entirely
Merciful,
The Especially
Merciful

2. IMAMATE (2)

3. IN THE LAST SESSION:
• We defined Imamate literally and technically.
• We brought up the state of Imamate being one of the principles of the
Shia school of thought.
• And we spoke about the necessity of Imamate.
• Something that I think must be described before other things is the
concept of Ahlul-Bait because we will read and hear about it in the next
slides:

4. WHO ARE AHLUL-BAIT?
• The term Ahlul-Bait literally means the people of the house or the members of a
household of a man.
• Ahlul-Bayt is a Qur’anic, Hadith, and theological term meaning the family of the Noble
Prophet of Islam (p.b.u.h.p). This term with this meaning has been used in the Quran in
the verse of purity (33:33):
‫ما‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ َ‫ر‬ِ‫ه‬َ‫ط‬ُ‫ي‬ َ‫و‬ ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ال‬ َ‫ل‬ْ‫ه‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫س‬ْ‫ج‬ ِ‫الر‬ ُ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫ب‬ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬ُ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬ ُ َّ‫اَّلل‬ ُ‫د‬‫ري‬ُ‫ي‬‫هيرا‬ْ‫ط‬َ‫ت‬
Verily, Allah's Will is to remove away impurity from You, the people of the Messenger's
Household and to purify you with a Thorough purification

5. EXACT EXAMPLES OF AHLUL-BAIT
• All Shia commentators of the Quran and many Sunni ones – using evidence and many
traditions from the Noble Prophet (p.b.u.h.p), Imām ‘Alī, Imām Hassan, Imām Hussayn,
Imām Sajjād, and other Imāms (a.s) as well as Umm Salmah, ‘Ā’ishah(prophet’s wives) Abū
Sa‘īd Khudrī, Ibn ‘Abbās, and other companions – strongly believe that the verse of purity
was revealed specifically about the companions of the kisā’(cloak):
• Prophet Muhammad, ‘Alī, Fātimah, Hassan, and Hussayn (a.s).
• And the story of cloak is that once prophet was in the house of his wife Um-Salamah and
gathered Imam Ali and Fatimah and Hassan and Hussain under one cloak and that verse was
revealed at that time and the prophet lifted his hands towards the sky said: "O Allah! This is
my family and the nearest of my kin, keep away from them uncleanness and keep them
completely pure.“
• Um-Salamah said that prophet repeated this prayer 3 times and when I asked him if I am
among Ahlul-Bait, in a refraining gesture, Prophet Muhammad (pbuhp) said twice: "You are
in the right way”.

6. CONCLUSION
• Prophet Muhammad's daily habit of stopping at his daughter Fatima Zahra's house and
addressing and saying Salaam to them as Ahlul Bayt, was not without reason. In fact he
was expounding the meaning of the term Ahlul Bayt and practically explaining to the
Muslims the verse of purity (Ayat Al-Tathir) and the particular persons meant by it. To
be more precise, he was drawing the attention of the Muslim nation towards the
significance of his Ahlul Bayt and their leadership after him so that the Muslims should
love, obey and follow them.
• So the notion of Infallibility is based upon this verse of the Holy Qur’an.
• By this topic we mean that those who are going to be the successors of the prophet and
the leaders of the Islamic society must be clean from all impurities and uncleanliness.

7. • Now we have to go forward with more details on who the Imams are but
before anything, please pay attention that, this topic needs several
sessions and due to the lack of remaining sessions, we can’t stay here so
much, so I ask you to get the key points and have a thorough search and
study on each of the titles introduced to you, or we may continue these
lessons in the near future by the grace of Allah.

8. PROOFS REGARDING THE APPOINTMENT OF ALI
BY PROPHET MUHAMMAD
PEACE AND BLESSINGS OF ALLAH BE UPON THEM BOTH AND THEIR PROGENY

9. The Shi’a ithnā ashari Muslims (Twelvers) believe
that after the prophet of Islam, the leadership of
the world of Islam fell to Amir al-mu'minin, Ali
(a.s.), and then to his eleven infallible
descendants.
Unlike our Sunni brothers who believe that the
rein of the Caliphate was truly put in the hands of
Abu bakr, Umar, Uthman before Ali(a.s)
and the prophet never appointed his successor.

10. After what we said in the last session about the
right of appointing the Imam which is only for
Allah and that Allah introduces the Imams
through His prophet,
now let’s first look at some narrations proving the
number of Imams

11. THE HADITH ON TWELVE IMAMS
PROOFS CONFIRMING THE NUMBER OF IMAMS
• Jābir bin Abdullāh, one of the prominent companions of the Prophet (p.b.u.h.p)said: "The day the
verse concerning obedience to Allah, the Prophet and the Ulu 'l-Amr was revealed
ِ‫ر‬‫أ‬‫م‬َ ‫أ‬‫اْل‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫أ‬ َ‫و‬ َ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫س‬َّ‫الر‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ع‬‫طي‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫و‬ َ َّ‫اَّلل‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ع‬‫طي‬َ‫أ‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫آ‬ َ‫ذين‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ُّ‫ي‬َ‫أ‬ ‫يا‬ُ‫ك‬‫أ‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬‫م‬
O, you who believe {in Allah's Oneness}, Obey Allah and obey The Messenger and
those governors among you who have received Divine Authorities (4:59)
I asked the Prophet:
• `We know Allah and the Prophet, but who is the third?' He said: `They are the Imams, my successors,
the first of whom is Ali bin Abi Tālib, then, in order,2) Hasan,3) Husayn,4) Ali ibn Husayn,5)
Muhammad bin Ali, who was called Bāqir in the Torah, and whom you, Jābir, will meet and to whom
you will convey my salām; then, after him,6) Ja‘far ibn Muhammad as-Sādiq,7) Musa ibn Ja`far, 8)Ali
ibn Musa, 9)Muhammad ibn Ali,10) Ali bin Muhammad,11) Hasan ibn Ali, and in the end 12)the son of
Hasan ibn Ali will come, whose name will be the same as mine (Muhammad Abu 'l-Qāsim).

12. IN ANOTHER HADITH:
• Al-Qundūzi al-Hanafi (one of the Sunni scholars) first quotes a well known hadīth of the
Prophet that:
• “There will be twelve caliphs, all from the Quraysh.”
• This hadīth has been quoted by many books of ahadith including that of Bukhāri,
al- Muslim, Abu Dāwud and at-Tirmidhi.
• Then al-Qundūzi quotes many traditions to the effect that the Prophet said, “I, ‘Ali,
Hasan, Husayn and nine of the descendants of Husayn are pure and sinless.” Then the
author quotes that the Prophet said to Imam Husayn bin ‘Ali: “You are a chief, brother
of a chief; you are an Imam, son of an Imam, brother of an Imam; you are Proof (of
Allah), son of a Proof (of Allah), brother of a Proof (of Allah), and father of nine Proofs
(of Allah), the ninth of whom will be al-Mahdi.”

13. After quoting many such traditions, he writes: “Some scholars have
said that the traditions (which show that the caliphs after the Prophet
would be twelve) are well known, from many chains of narration.
Now with the passage of time and through historical events, we know that in
this hadīth the Prophet has referred to the Twelve Imams from his family
(Ahlu ’l-bayt) and descendants, because:
“This hadīth cannot apply to the four al-khulafā’u ’r-rāshidun from
among his companions, as they were less than twelve.
“And it cannot apply to the caliphs from the tribe of Umayyad, because
(a) they were more than twelve; (b) all of them were tyrants and
unjust (except ‘Umar ibn ‘Abdi ’l-‘Azīz); and (c) they were not from the
Banu Hāshim as the Prophet has said in a hadīth that `all of them will be
from the Banu Hāshim'…
“And it cannot apply to the caliphs from the ‘Abbāsids, because they were more than
twelve; and they did not comply with (the demands of) the verse:
Say, `I do not ask of you any recompense for it (Risalah i.e. prophethood)
except the love for (my) near relatives'(42:23), nor with the tradition of
the Mantle(al-Kisa).

14. CONCLUSION
• “Therefore, the only way to interpret this hadīth is to accept that it refers to the Twelve
Imams from the Holy Prophet's Ahlu 'l-bayt and descendants, because they were, in
their times, the most knowledgeable, the most God-fearing, the most pious, the highest
in their family lineage, the best in personal virtues, and the most honored before Allah;
and their knowledge was derived from their ancestor (the Prophet) through their
fathers, and by inheritance and by direct teachings from Allāh.”
• The Ulil Amr must be elected by Allah (s.w) and the obedience to them is equivalent to
obedience to Prophet and Allah (s.w) because the message, instruction, guidance from
Ulil Amr are according to what Allah (s.w) and Prophet (pbuhp) delivered to
Muslims. If the message, instructions, and guidance from Ulil Amr are NOT according
to what Allah and Prophet had delivered, or it is with a slight deviation then the
obedience is void.

15. IN RESPONSE TO THE CLAIM THAT PROPHET
APPOINTED NO ONE AS HIS SUCCESSOR
• No society, at any time or place, can stand free and liberated without a leader.
We also know that if a ruler is dedicated to the wellbeing of the society, then he
must strive to protect it and he must also take into consideration the present as
well as the future of that society. It is because of this necessity that rulers, even
during short journeys, appoint a deputy.
• The same is seen in the prophet’s history that whenever he left Madinah for
something, he appointed someone as his deputy.
• Now this important question is raised, how could it be possible for the prophet
of Islam -who suffered so much in the way of his mission- to leave his nation,
neglecting the fate of the new established society and its leader???
• It is inconsistent with the wisdom of the Prophet that he should die
without appointing a successor.

16. • In the light of this reality, the Shi‘as proceeded to investigate the original texts and
documents of Islam and they came across an enormous quantity of sources which made
them conclude that there are clear, sufficient, precise orders from the Prophet of Islam
about his successor:
• 1) The verse of wilayah (guardianship)(5:55)
‫ما‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬َّ‫الز‬ َ‫ون‬ُ‫ت‬‫أ‬‫ؤ‬ُ‫ي‬ َ‫و‬ َ‫ة‬‫ال‬َّ‫ص‬‫ال‬ َ‫ون‬ُ‫م‬‫قي‬ُ‫ي‬ َ‫ذين‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫آ‬ َ‫ذين‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫و‬ ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫س‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫و‬ ُ َّ‫اَّلل‬ ُ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ُّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫و‬‫أ‬‫م‬ُ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ َ‫ة‬‫كا‬َ‫ون‬ُ‫ع‬ِ‫ك‬‫را‬
• Verily, your guardians {after} Allah are His Messenger {Mohammad} and The believers.
{The believers are:} Those Who establish prayer and pay alms {Even} while they are
bowing down in Prayer .
• Both Shia and Sunnis have said that this verse was revealed when Imam Ali (a.s) gave
his ring to a poor man when bowing down in prayer.

17. 2)THE HADITH OF THAQALAYN (TWO PRECIOUS THINGS)
• The prophet said:
• "O people; I and you shall see one another besides [the fountain of] Kawthar [on the day
of judgment]. Be careful after me how you deal with two precious things."
• "O Prophet, what are these two things?“ people asked.
• "The Book of Allah, and my descendants. Allah told me that these two are not to be
separated from one another till they reach me beside the Kawthar. Do not go ahead of
them, for you will be ruined. Do not fall behind them, for you will also be ruined.“
• So this hadith clearly says that we have to listen to both of them, not to take the Qur’an
and leave the other as we see in the Muslim world today; how many Muslims know
prophet’s descendants (Imams) and act upon their words in their lives???

18. 3)THE HADĪTH OF SAFINAH (THE ARCH)
• The prophet of Islam (p.b.u.h.p) said:
‫سفين‬ ‫کمثل‬ ‫بيتی‬ ‫امل‬ ‫مثل‬‫نوح‬ ‫ة‬‫غرق‬ ‫عنها‬ ‫تخلف‬ ‫من‬ ‫و‬ ‫نجی‬ ‫رکبها‬ ‫من‬
My Ahlul-bait (descendants) are like the Arch of Noah, those
who join them will be saved and those who don’t, will be
drowned.

19. 4)THE HADITH OF GHADĪR
DUE TO THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS HADITH WE SPEAK ABOUT IT IN MORE DETAILS
• In the tenth year of the Islamic calendar (hijrah), the Prophet set out for
Mecca to perform the pilgrimage (hajj). This hajj was undertaken in the
last years of the Prophet's life, and for this reason history has given it the
name of the "Farewell Pilgrimage" (hajjatu 'l-wida'). Muslims
participated in extraordinarily large numbers in this journey of the
Prophet to Mecca with the eagerness to learn and do the pilgrimage from
the Prophet directly. They numbered about 120,000. Some groups joined
him in the town of Mecca.
• After completing the hajj, when the Prophet was returning to Medina, the
following verse was revealed on the 18th day of Dhil Hijja at Ghadīr
Khumm:

20. 5:67
‫أ‬‫م‬َ‫ل‬ ‫أ‬‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ َ‫و‬ َ‫ك‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ك‬‫أ‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ َ‫ل‬ ِ‫ز‬‫أ‬‫ن‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫ما‬ ‫أ‬‫غ‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ب‬ ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫س‬َّ‫ر‬‫ال‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ُّ‫ي‬َ‫أ‬ ‫يا‬ََ ‫أ‬َّْ‫ل‬َ‫ب‬ ‫ما‬ََ ‫أ‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫أ‬‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ل‬‫سا‬ ِ‫ر‬
َ‫م‬‫أ‬‫و‬َ‫ق‬‫أ‬‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫د‬‫أ‬‫ه‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ال‬ َ َّ‫اَّلل‬ َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ِ‫اس‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ك‬ُ‫م‬ ِ‫ص‬‫أ‬‫ع‬َ‫ي‬ ُ َّ‫اَّلل‬ َ‫و‬‫كا‬‫أ‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫رين‬َِ
• O, Messenger! Proclaim the Message That has been sent down to you from Your
Creator and Nurturer! And if you do not Do so, then you would not have Conveyed
your duty as Allah's Messenger. {Know that} Allah will protect You from {the
mischievous} people. Verily, Allah does not guide The disbelievers (5:67)

21. • The prophet gathered the people and stood up on a platform made of camel saddles and
after praising Allah said:
• "Do you agree that I have fulfilled my responsibility by conveying the message of Allah
to you?“
• "We are the witnesses that you have delivered the message to us, and that you made
every effort in this direction. May Allah give you the best reward!“
• Then he spoke again about the two precious things (Qur’an and Ahlul-Bait)
• Then he raised Ali’s hand so that everyone could see him and know him. Then, in the
same position, he read the divine order of succession.
• "O people, who is more deserving among the believers to have wilāyah (authority) and
guardianship over them?"
• "Allah and the Prophet know best.“ the people replied.

22. "Allah gave me wilāyah, and I am more worthy than the believers and
the followers themselves. Therefore, to whosoever I am his wali (master)
and guardian, ‘Ali is his master and guardian too. O Allah, be the friend
of his friends, and the enemy of his enemies. Help anyone who helps
him, and punish anyone who rebels against him."
"Now everyone who is present must tell [the event to] those who are
absent.“
The people had not yet dispersed when the following verse was
revealed:
‫تي‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ن‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫م‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫و‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ن‬‫دي‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ل‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫م‬ ْ‫و‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ال‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ل‬ ُ‫ضيت‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫و‬َ‫مام‬ِْْ ْْ‫ا‬ ُ‫م‬‫دين‬‫ا‬
Today I have perfected your religion for you, and I have completed
my blessing upon you, and I have approved Islam as your religion. (5:3)
Then the Prophet cried out: "Allāhu Akbar! The religion of Allah has
been perfected, and He is pleased with my prophethood and the wilāyah
of ‘Ali after me."
After this ceremony, people felicitated Amir al-Mu'minin ‘Ali. Among
the foremost of the companions who felicitated him were Abu Bakr and
`Umar who said, "How good for you, O ‘Ali, to have become the master
of me and every believing man and woman."

23. NOTE
• This was a very brief narration of what happened in that day
and for more details I ask you to go forward and have a
thorough search on the Ghadeer event and the indication of
this Historical event and precious hadith on the vicegerency or
Caliphate of Imam Ali ibn abi Talib (a.s).

24. IN THE END
• According to the proofs given above and many other proofs that we can’t bring them all
here, we Twelver Shias believe that Imam Ali was the first true successor of the prophet
of Islam and his 10 descendants who were all killed in the way of Allah and his 11th son
Imam Al-Mahdi who is still alive since 1200 years ago are all the vicegerents of the
prophet of Islam.
• For more details on this very important topic please visit www.al-islam.org and other
websites that I introduced them in the last episodes.

25. • Do not hesitate to contact us at:
• info@onlinehawzah.com
• Or use the mobile messengers like Whatsapp
or Telegram on this number:
+989357467202
www.onlinehawzah.com/en

26. ‫رحم‬ ‫و‬ ‫عليکم‬ ‫الْمام‬‫بركاته‬ ‫و‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫ة‬