AN ANALYSIS OF AWARENESS ON FINANCIAL INVESTMENT AVENUES AMONG AIRLINE EMPLOYEES

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International Journal of Management (IJM)
Volume 11, Issue 12, December 2020, pp. 4310-4319, Article ID: IJM_11_12_412
Available online at https://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJM?Volume=11&Issue=12
ISSN Print: 0976-6502 and ISSN Online: 0976-6510
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/YUZ4W
© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed
AN ANALYSIS OF AWARENESS ON FINANCIAL
INVESTMENT AVENUES AMONG AIRLINE
EMPLOYEES
Fathima Rizwan.K
Ph.D., Full Time Research Scholar,
PG and Research Department of Management,
Marudupandiyar College, (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University)
Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
Dr. A.M.A. Jenita
Assistant Professor and Research Advisor,
PG and Research Department of Management,
Marudupandiyar College, (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University),
Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
ABSTRACT
In this paper, the main objective to know in which investment avenue the majority
of airline employees were prefer to investing their funds such as equity, derivatives,
Gold bonds, mutual funds, crypto currency, and government securities, and to find out
the expectations from investment, amount of investment, the risk-bearing capacity, level
of awareness among the employees with help of demographic factors. The study was
conducted among airline employees from various airlines in chennai city of Tamilnadu
with a sample size of 300 respondents. Descriptive research design was adopted for the
study and the primary data was collected through schedule method with the help of a
structured questionnaire and the sampling technique adopted was snow ball sampling
technique. Data was analyzed and interpreted with the help of statistical tools like Chi-
square test and percentage analysis by using SPSS software. So an attempt is made to
study the different investment avenues available and the awareness level of various
investment avenues among airline employees and their willingness towards investing in
financial assets. The study concludes that preference of airline employees towards
various investment avenues with the expectation of safety, liquidity and to secure their
income generation.
Key words: Investment avenues, Investment awareness, risk taking capacity, expectations
Cite this Article: Fathima Rizwan.K and A.M.A. Jenita, An Analysis of awareness on Financial
Investment Avenues among Airline Employees, International Journal of Management (IJM),
11(12), 2020, pp. 4310-4319.
https://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJM?Volume=11&Issue=12

An Analysis of awareness on Financial Investment Avenues among Airline Employees
1. INTRODUCTION
An investment is essentially an asset that is created with the intention of allowing money to
grow with the goal of generating income or appreciation. In an economic sense, an investment
is the purchase of goods or services that are not consumed today but are used in the future
wealth. In finance, an investment is fiscal asset purchased with the idea that the asset will
provide benefits in the future or will later be sold at a higher price for a profit.
Investing in various types of assets is an interesting activity that attracts many people from
all the ways of life with respect to their occupation, economic status, education and family
background. When a person has more money apart from for current consumption, he would be
mentioned as potential investor. The investor who is having additional money could invest it in
securities or in any other assets like gold or real estate or could simply deposit it in his bank
account.
At present, a wide range of investment avenues are open to the investors to suitable their
needs and nature.
Women do not want to take much risk while making financial investments and therefore
prefer for safer investments like LIC, bank deposits and gold rather than investing in shares and
bonds. but still they avoid the rational decision of investment and get more influence from their
family members, friends and relatives for investment related information and for taking
investment decisions(Rajan Gunabalan, Makarand Balaji Thakoor, Tadesse Tilhaun, 2020).
Knowledge about the different avenues enables the investors to choose investment wisely.
Investment decisions are still found to be complicated as there are various factors to be
determined to select avenues. The future is unknown, and investor must determine how much
risk they
are willing to bear, since higher return is associated more risk. The individual should start
determining the investment goals. Once these goals are established, the individual should be
aware of the strategy of investing and the right environment in which investment decisions are
made.
The study found that most of the respondents seeks to invest in fixed deposit with bank,
followed by investment in post office. So most of the investors are risk averse. It was found
that irrespective of demographic profiles of the respondents, most of the investors prefer safe
investment i.e., they prefer to investment in such avenues where risk is minimum. But some of
the respondents who are having their own business they prefer to take risk and thus invest in
equity market. It was also found that few respondents prefer to invest in those stock where there
will be tax savings(Rajendra Nath Datta,2020).
One of the important reason why one needs to invest wisely is to meet the cost of inflation.
Inflation refer to a general progressive increase in price of goods and services in an economy.
Particularly salaried employees will be determined by several investment circumstances and
numerous factors like reasons for investment, amount of investment, expected and realized
return on investments, and risk-bearing capacity, and so on. Besides all these demographic
variables also influence the investment decisions of the investors.
This study confirms the earlier findings with regard to the relationship between Age and
risk tolerance levels of employees. The Present study has important implications for investment
managers as it has come out with certain interesting facets of an individual investor. The
employees still prefers to invest in financial products which give risk free returns. This confirms
that Indian investors even if they are of high income, well educated, salaried, independent are
conservative investors prefer to play safe(B.ThulasiPriya(2015).

Determine the Impact of Motivation on Employee Performance and Satisfaction with Reference to
Information Technology Sector in Chennai
In present trend indicates to study the awareness level towards all investment avenues
specifically among the organized sector employees, since their earning are high and chance of
saving and investment are more.
2. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1.To study the demographic analysis of airline employees for selecting various investment
avenues.
2.To find out various financial factors influencing for selecting the investment avenues.
3. To identify the level of awareness towards investment avenues and age wise analysis of
airline employees
4.To examine the risk-bearing capacity of the airline employees based on Gender.
5. To know how much amount employees were investing and to find out their expectation from
the investments based on income.
3. LITERATURE REVIEW
It can be concluded from the study that the majority of the respondents were investing in Gold
and equal importance is given to Post Office and LIC. A notable relationship is identified
between the age of the respondents and investment in Real Estate and LIC. The majority of the
respondent's reasons for investment is easy accessibility among the age in between 18-25 years
& 46-55 years. It found that there exists a significant relationship between the amount of
investment across the age group of the respondents. The majority of the respondents were not
willing to accept any kind of risk. Finally, from the study, it can be conclude that age is having
impact on investment patterns of women employees(Hema Neelam, P.Amaraveni,2020).
Regarding the investment activities the IT employees are mostly short term investor
preferring public sector companies where they used upto 20% of their income for investment
which are monthly investment and they expect a return between 20% to 30%. In allocating their
funds they give preference to financial assets namely fixed deposit and the second one is in
gold, followed by insurance and bonds and finally in other categories. This shows that they are
investing both in physical as well as financial assets but concentration is low in emerging
financial avenues(M. Shanthidevi, S. Arunpriya,2019)
The following research paper tried to analyze the effects of different demographic variables
and external factors that influence people to invest in different financial avenues. Findings
shows that neither occupation nor age group has any significant relationship with the preferred
investment avenue. Further analysis proves that, people above the age of 40 years consider
safety majorly while considering decision making about whether to invest or not, while younger
generation between the age group of 20-25 prefer looking at the return on investment before
making an investment decision(Jigyasa Luthra, Harshit sharma, S.Rajkumar,2020).
The study reveals that the Investors’ investment preference reasons are differ in the
investment avenues. The Investors’ Avenue preference reason is depending upon nature of the
avenues’ benefits and safety returns. Risk aversion investors like to invest Insurance for safe
and well return. Investors take risk and earn more for periodic return and regular income. Most
of the investors prefer bond and mutual fund investments for Tax benefits and future need. The
study concludes that investor’s investment objectives priority may differ in Investment Avenue
wise though their objectives fully focused on a liquidity, wealth creation and safety(Asis Kumar
Sahu, Gouri Shankar lall(2020).
The Research has been done in order to find out the perception of investors before and after
Covid-19. The male candidates are responded more and they find difficult in choosing

Investment avenues during the period of Lockdown. This study helps to understand that,
Investors had realized that share Market investment is much more important during the period
of lock down. So, people started investing more in Stock Market and they have learnt the merits
of it. Still some people expect low risk investment with high return, these people have to be
encouraged to invest in risky investment to get high returns(P.Vanitha, M.Preethi, C.Ramesh
2020).
The study on preferred investment avenues among salaried people has been undertaken with
the key objectives such as to find preferred investment avenues & also to know the awareness
level of investors. Investors are aware about investment avenues available in India but still
investors are preferred to invest in bank deposit, real estate, metals(Gold).The data analysis
reveals that the safety is important factor while doing investment so remaining avenues are less
considerable while doing investment by investors. Hence the researchers have concluded that
most of the investors prefer secured regular income on investment in the study Area. Hence the
researchers have concluded that most of the investors prefer secured regular income on
investment in the study Area(SonalimPatil, Kalpana Nandawar, 2014).
Looking from different perspective, it is also evident that the overall and main criterion of
the investors regarding their investments is Return. Therefore, on the basis of Safety, Bank &
LIC are the most preferred avenues of investment as it provides maximum safety. On the basis
of Return, Real Estate & Mutual Funds are the most preferred avenues of investment as it
provides maximum return. Similarly, on the basis of Tax Planning, Post Office Schemes &
Mutual Funds are the most preferred avenues of investment. Therefore, the preference is given
to investment in Mutual Funds halfway availability of other traditional investment avenues in
the market(Gaurav Agarwal, Mini Jain,2013).
There might be a chance that the perceptions of the respondents of different are varied due
to diversity in social life, living pattern, income level etc. All the age groups give more
important to invest in Insurance and bank deposit. Income level of a respondent is an important
factor which affects portfolio of the investment. Middle age group, Lower income level groups
respondents are preferred to invest in Insurance and bank deposit rather than any other
investment avenues(V.R. Palanivelu, K.chandrakumar, 2013).
4. RESEARCH GAP
In previous research was focused on all types of investment avenues, but this research focuses
on financial Instruments. Based on the review of literature it is found the study was conducted
to analyze the impact of a particular demographic factor of the respondents on investment
patterns. So, the study is an attempt to fill the research gap, researcher has used various
demographic factors like age, Gender, Income to find out investment preference, risk bearing
capacity, awareness less and expectations of the investors.
5. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The present study is empirical in nature. The study is based on both primary and secondary
data.
For the purpose of study, the sample was collected from the airline employees belonging to
chennai District of tamilnadu. The study was based mainly on the information available through
a structured questionnaire put across through Google form and through hard copies of the
questionnaire. The data was collected from 300 respondents. The sources of secondary data
include books, journal articles, various unpublished reports, doctoral thesis of various
institutions, etc. To fulfill the study objectives the statistical tools such as Percentage Analysis
and Chi- square were used by SPSS software.

6. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Table 1 Investment Preference of Airline Employees based on Age Group
Age of the
Respondents
Equity Derivatives Mutual Funds Total
Yes No Yes No Yes No
18-25 47(50) 47(50) 45(47.9) 49(52.1) 43(45.7) 51(54.3) 94(100)
26-35 59(52.7) 53(47.3) 58(52.3) 53(47.7) 65(58) 47(42) 112(100)
36-45 36(49.3) 37(56.7) 34(46.6) 39(53.4) 41(56.2) 32(43.8) 73(100)
45 & Above 9(42.9) 12(57.1) 7(33.3) 14(66.7) 16(76.2) 5(23.8) 21(100)
Total 151(50.3) 149(49.7) 144(48.2) 156(51.8) 165(55) 135(45) 300(100)
Out of 94 respondents in the age group of 18-25 years, the majority 50% were investing in
Equity, followed by 47.9% respondents were investing in Derivatives.. Out of 112 respondents
in the group of 26-35 years, the majority 58% were investing in mutual funds, followed by 52.7
% respondents were investing in Equity. Out of 73 respondents in the group of 36-45 years, the
majority 56.2% were investing in mutual funds, followed by 49.3% respondents were equally
investing in equity. Out of 21 respondents in the group of 45 & above years, the majority 76.2
respondents were investing in mutual funds, followed by 42.9 of the respondents were investing
in equity.
Table 2 There is no significant association exists between investment preference such as Equity,
Derivatives and Mutual Funds across the age of the respondents.
Equity Derivatives Mutual funds
value df P value value df P value value df P value
Pearsons
chisquare
.750 3 .861 2.670 3 .445 9.520 3 .0247
Likelihood
Ratio
.752 3 .861 2.712 3 .438 9.754 3 .0251
Linear by
Linear
Association
.204 1 .652 .810 1 .368 3.493 .019
No of valid
cases
300 300 300
The Chi-Square test was used to test, is there exists any significant relationship between
Equity, Derivatives and Mutual funds across the age of the respondents. Chi-Square test reveals
that the P-Value is less than the significant value i.e., for investments in Mutual funds is 0.0247.
Hence reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis for Mutual funds.
Therefore, it is concluded that there exists a significant association between the age of the
respondents and mutual funds. Chi-Square test reveals that the P-Value is more than the
significant value i.e., 0.05 for investments in Equity and Derivatives. Hence accepts the null
hypothesis and rejects the alternative hypothesis. Therefore, it is concluded that there is no
significant association between the age of the respondents and investment in Equity and
Derivatives.
Table 3 Investment Preference of Airline Employees based on Age Group
Age of the
Respondents
Gold Bonds Cryptocurrency Government Securities Total
Yes No Yes No Yes No
18-25 76(80.9) 18(19.1) 11(11.7) 83(88.3) 41(43.6) 53(56.4) 94(100)
26-35 86(76.8) 26(23.2) 23(20.5) 89(79.5) 55(49.1) 57(50.9) 112(100)
36-45 55(75.3) 18(24.7) 12(16.4) 61(83.6) 36(49.3) 37(50.7) 73(100)
45 & Above 14(66.7) 7(33.3) 8(38.1) 13(61.9) 14(66.7) 7(33.3) 21(100)
Total 231(77) 69(23) 54(18) 246(82) 146(48.7) 154(51.3) 300(100)

Out of 94 respondents in the age group of 18-25 years, the majority 80.9% were investing
in Gold bonds, followed by 43.6% respondents were investing in Government securities. Out
of 112 respondents in the group of 26-35 years, the majority 76.8% were investing in gold
Bonds, followed by 49.1% respondents were investing in Government securities. Out of 73
respondents in the group of 36-45 years, the majority 75.3% were investing in Gold bonds,
followed by 49.3% respondents were investing in Government securities. Out of 21 respondents
in the group of 45 & above years, the majority 66.7% respondents were equally investing in
gold Bonds and Government securities, followed by 38.1% of the respondents were investing
in cryptocurrency.
Table 4 There is no significant association exists between investment preference such as Gold Bonds,
Cryptocurrency and Government securities across the age of the respondents.
Gold bonds Cryptocurrency Government securities
value df P value value df P value value df P value
Pearsons
chisquare
2.169 3 .538 8.880 3 .031 8.904 3 .0271
Likelihood Ratio 2.096 3 .553 8.091 3 .044 8.751 3 .0290
Linear by Linear
Association
1.896 1 .168 4.729 1 .030 3.61 1 .0106
No of valid cases 300 300 300
Out of 135 respondents in the female group , the majority 40% were taking low risk in their
investment, followed by 35.6% respondents were taking moderate risk in their investment. Out
of 165 respondents in the group of Male Gender, the majority 29.1% were taking very low risk,
followed by 26.1% respondents were taking moderate risk 25.5% in their investment
Table 5 Gender-wise analysis of Risk taking capacity of Employees
Gender of the Respondents
Risk taking capacity
Total
Very High High Moderate Low Very Low
Female 3 15 36 54 27 135
6.3 16.2 35.6 43.2 33.8 135.0
2.2% 11.1% 26.7% 40.0% 20.0% 100.0%
Male 11 21 43 42 48 165
7.7 19.8 43.5 52.8 41.3 165.0
6.7% 12.7% 26.1% 25.5% 29.1% 100.0%
Total 14 36 79 96 75 300
14.0 36.0 79.0 96.0 75.0 300.0
4.7% 12.0% 26.3% 32.0% 25.0% 100.0%
Out of 135 respondents in the female group, the majority 40% were taking low risk in their
investment, followed by 35.6% respondents were taking moderate risk in their investment. Out
of 165 respondents in the group of Male Gender, the majority 29.1% were taking very low risk,
followed by 26.1% respondents were taking moderate risk 25.5% in their investment
Table 6 There is no significant association exists between risk taking capacity across the Gender
Value df Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 10.678a
4 .030
Likelihood Ratio 10.944 4 .027
Linear-by-Linear Association .277 1 .598
N of Valid Cases 300
The Chi-Square test was used to test, there exists any significant association between the
risk taking capacity of employees across the Gender. The null hypothesis has been set up and

tested at a 5% level of significance. Chi-Square test reveals that the P-Value is less than the
significant value i.e., 0.030. Hence reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative
hypothesis. Therefore, it is found that there exists a significant association between the risk
taking and across the Gender of the respondents
Table 7 Income-wise analysis of expectations of airline Employees in Investment avenues
The Chi-Square test was used to test, is there exists any significant association between
Gold Bonds, Cryptocurrency, Government securities across the age of the respondents. Chi-
Square test reveals that the P-Value is less than the significant value i.e., for investments in
Government securities is 0.0271 and Cryptocurrency is .031. Hence reject the null hypothesis
and accept the alternative hypothesis for Government securities and cryptocurrency. Therefore,
it is concluded that there exists a significant association between the age of the respondents and
cryptocurrency and Government securities investments. Chi-Square test reveals that the P-
Value is more than the significant value i.e., 0.05 for investments in Gold Bonds. Hence accepts
the null hypothesis and rejects the alternative hypothesis. Therefore, it is concluded that there
is no significant association between the age of the respondents and investment in gold bonds.
Table 8 There is no significant association exists between expectations of employees across the
Income
Chi-Square Tests
12 .023
Linear-by-Linear Association .515 1 .473
Out of 94 respondents in the Income group of 20000-30000 , the majority 34% were
expecting safety in their investment, followed by 27.7% respondents were expecting liqudity.
Out of 112 respondents in the group of 31000-40000, the majority 28.6% were expecting safety,
followed by 27.7% respondents were expecting High returns in their investment. Out of 73
respondents in the group of 41000-50000, the majority 37% were expecting Liquidity, followed
by 35.6% respondents were expecting safety. Out of 21 respondents in the group of 50000 &
above, the majority 38.1% respondents were expecting safety, followed by 23.8% of the
respondents were investing to obtain tax benefits from the investment
Income of the Respondents
Expectations of employees
Total
Safety Liquidity High return Tax Benefits
20000-30000 32 26 25 11 94
30.7 26.3 21.9 15.0 94.0
34.0% 27.7% 26.6% 11.7% 100.0%
31000-40000 32 27 31 22 112
36.6 31.4 26.1 17.9 112.0
28.6% 24.1% 27.7% 19.6% 100.0%
41000-50000 26 27 10 10 73
23.8 20.4 17.0 11.7 73.0
35.6% 37.0% 13.7% 13.7% 100.0%
50000 & Above 8 4 4 5 21
6.9 5.9 4.9 3.4 21.0
38.1% 19.0% 19.0% 23.8% 100.0%
Total 98 84 70 48 300
98.0 84.0 70.0 48.0 300.0
32.7% 28.0% 23.3% 16.0% 100.0%

The Chi-Square test was used to test, there exists any significant association between
expectations of employees across the Income. The null hypothesis has been set up and tested at
a 5% level of significance. Chi-Square test reveals that the P-Value is less than the significant
value i.e., 0.023. Hence reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis.
Therefore, it is found that there exists a significant association between expectations of
employees and across the Income of the respondents.
Table 9 Age-wise analysis of Level of awareness of Employees
Age of the
Respondents
Investment Awareness
Total
Least Aware Slightly Aware Somewhat Aware moderate aware Highly aware
18-25 4 11 30 28 21 94
5.6 14.1 24.4 29.1 20.7 94.0
4.3% 11.7% 31.9% 29.8% 22.3% 100.0%
26-35 8 16 23 38 27 112
6.7 16.8 29.1 34.7 24.6 112.0
7.1% 14.3% 20.5% 33.9% 24.1% 100.0%
36-45 6 9 22 21 15 73
4.4 11.0 19.0 22.6 16.1 73.0
8.2% 12.3% 30.1% 28.8% 20.5% 100.0%
45 & Above 0 9 3 6 3 21
1.3 3.2 5.5 6.5 4.6 21.0
0.0% 42.9% 14.3% 28.6% 14.3% 100.0%
Total 18 45 78 93 66 300
18.0 45.0 78.0 93.0 66.0 300.0
6.0% 15.0% 26.0% 31.0% 22.0% 100.0%
Out of 94 respondents in the age group of 18-25 , the majority 32% were somewhat Aware
of various investment avenues, followed by 30% respondents were moderate aware of
investment avenues . Out of 112 respondents in the group of 26-35, the majority 34% were
moderate aware of the investment avenues, followed by 29.1% respondents were somewhat
aware of the investment avenues. Out of 73 respondents in the group of 36-45, the majority
30.1% were somewhat aware of the investment avenues, followed by 28.8% respondents were
moderate aware pf the investment options. Out of 21 respondents in the age group of 45 &
above, the majority 42.9% respondents were slightly aware about investment avenues, followed
by 28.6% of the respondents were moderate aware on various investment avenues.
Table 10 There is no significant associations exists between level of awareness across the Age of the
respondents
The Chi-Square test was used to test, there exists any significant association between the
Level of awareness of employees across the Age. The null hypothesis has been set up and tested
at a 5% level of significance. Chi-Square test reveals that the P-Value is less than the significant
value i.e., 0.016. Hence reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis.
Therefore, it is found that there exists a significant association between the level of awareness
and across the Age of the respondents.
7. FINDINGS
1. It is found that Male respondents are having more risk taking capacity than female. Most of
the respondents prefer investment avenues with low and moderate risk.
12 .016
Linear-by-Linear Association 1.862 1 .172

2. It is identified that major expectations of the investors was safety and liquidity rather than
High returns and tax benefits.
3. Based on the income of the respondents those are earning more than 20000 upto 40000
having more expectations to select the right investment options.
4. The analysis reveals that the age group between 26-35 and 18- 35 amongst the employees
were accepted moderate and somewhat investment awareness about various investment
avenues.
5. Most of the respondents are prefer to invest in mutual funds particularly the age group
between 26-35, 58% are agree to invest in mutual funds.
6. Majority of the respondents (77%) wanted to invest in gold bonds followed by 51.3% prefer
to invest in government securities only 18% of the respondents showed their interest to select
crypto currency option.
7. Most of them (66%) are highly favorable towards the Government securities under the
category of 45 & above age.
8. Most of the respondents stayed neutral towards the Gold bonds investment in order to ensure
safety and liquidity position.
9. Most of the respondents average of 50% under the age group between 18-45, showed their
willingness to invest in equity and derivative options.
10.Most of the respondents (34%) moderate awareness falling under the age category of 26-35,
followed by 32% somewhat aware of various investment avenues falling under the age category
between 18-25.
8. SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION
Based on the findings of the study it is proposed to suggest that investment of surplus amount
can be invested in the safety and high return investment avenues like gold bonds and
government securities and more over the investors should be cautious on investing in risky
avenue like crypto currency due to high volatility in nature. In the present days investment
market, the avenues like Equity and Derivatives are highly uncertain and unpredictable. Hence,
while during the decision making process by the investors about investment avenues should
understand the market situation, advice from experts will help them to select the right options.
It can be concluded that the investors preferential choices and willingness on various
investment avenues are same across their age in investment aspects like Equity, derivatives and
gold bonds. The preferential choices across the age group of the investors is differ in the aspects
like mutual funds, Crypto currency and government securities. The present study further
concludes that the perception of order of investments among the investors is different towards
expectations from their investment among the various income group levels of the investors, and
risk taking capacity also differs among Gender of the respondents, and awareness level of the
employees regarding investment avenues also differs based on the age group. Finally, the study
concludes that willingness of investments towards various investment avenues by employees
with the expectations of safety, liquidity and to earn better returns from their investments.
Finally, from the study, it can be conclude that demographic factors is having significant effect
on investment preference of airline employees.

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AN ANALYSIS OF AWARENESS ON FINANCIAL INVESTMENT AVENUES AMONG AIRLINE EMPLOYEES