A presentation on the differences between the ALWD citation manual and the Bluebook, intended to help transfer students from schools that use the ALWD manual.

1. Introduction to the Bluebook Transitioning from the ALWD to the Bluebook

2. Overview Key differences between ALWD and Bluebook Detailed look at using the Bluebook Demonstrations of how to use the Bluebook to find the right citation rules for two common citation situations More places to look for help

3. Key Differences between ALWD and Bluebook

4. Key Differences: Overview Typeface Abbreviations Form Court names Spacing Page spans Particular resources Legal dictionaries Cases Division/District information for state appellate courts Docket information Star Pagination

6. BB: B1 (practitioner documents), R2 (academic writing)

7. Difference

8. ALWD italicizes or underlines things like case names and titles of articles with no distinction between practitioner documents and academic writing

9. BB has separate typeface rules for practitioner documents and academic writing.

10. BB uses italics or underlining for things like case names, titles of articles in practitioner documents.

12. Abbreviations Form of abbreviations Apostrophes and periods Whether to abbreviate Abbreviations of court names How the citation manuals represent spacing in abbreviations

13. Form of abbreviations ALWD: Rule 2, Rule 12.2(e)(3) organizations as parties, case names, Appendix 3 BB: B4.1.1(v), R6.1, R10.1, R10.2.2, T6

14. Form of abbreviations, Differences Apostrophes and periods ALWD never uses apostrophes in its abbreviations and always ends abbreviations with periods Ex. Department = Dept. BB sometimes uses apostrophes in its abbreviations and those abbreviations do not end with a period Ex. Department = Dep’t Whether to abbreviate ALWD allows for abbreviation of party names, but does not require it In citations, BB requires the abbreviation of any word in a party’s name that is found in T6

15. Abbreviation of court names ALWD: Appendix 1 BB: T1 Difference: ALWD eliminates “Ct.” from most court abbreviations Ex. Indiana Court of Appeals = Ind. App. BB keeps “Ct.” Ex. Indiana Court of Appeals = Ind. Ct. App.

16. Spacing: how represented in manuals ALWD indicates where a space belongs with a green triangle (ex. Ind. App.) BB defines where spaces belong according to R6.1 Difference? the effect of the rules is the same, it is just explained differently by the book itself

17. Page Spans ALWD: Rule 5.3(b) BB: R3.2(a) Difference BB requires to you drop repetitive digits in a page span and retain two digits on the right-hand side of the span Ex. 356-58 ALWD allows you to present the entire page span or shorten it according to a rule identical to BB’s R3.2(a). Ex. 356-358 or 356-58

18. Particular Resources Legal Dictionaries Cases Division and District information for state appellate courts Docket numbers for cases cited from Westlaw or LexisNexis Star pagination for cases cited from Westlaw or LexisNexis

20. BB: B8.1, R15.8(a)

21. Difference

22. ALWD treats legal dictionaries like books

23. Ex. Black’s Law Dictionary 101 (Bryan A. Garner ed., 8th ed., West 2004).

24. BB has a special citation form for legal dictionaries

26. BB: B4.1.3(v), R10.4(b)

27. Difference

28. ALWD requires the inclusion of division/district information for state appellate courts

29. Ex. MBNA Am. Bank, N.A. v. Cardoso, 707 N.E.2d 189 (Ill. App. 1st Dist. 1998).

30. BB permits, but does not require, inclusion of division/district information. Only when of “particular relevance”

31. When is it of “particular relevance?” When your state’s court system is set up with several appellate courts and the precedential weight of the courts’ decisions are not strictly equal across the state.

33. Cases: Star pagination for cases cited from Westlaw or LexisNexis ALWD: Rule 12.12(b) BB: B4.1.4(i), R10.8.1(a), R18.3.1 Difference: ALWD uses two asterisks when a citation includes multiple pages Ex. Gibbs v. Frank, 2004 U.S. App. LEXIS 21357 at **18-19 (3d Cir. Oct. 14, 2004). BB always indicates pagination using one asterisk Ex. Gibbs v. Frank, No. 02-3924, 2004 U.S. App. LEXIS 21357 at *18-19 (3d Cir. Oct. 14, 2004).

34. Key Differences: Review Typeface Abbreviations Form Court names Spacing Page spans Particular resources Legal dictionaries Cases Division/District information for state appellate courts Docket information Star Pagination

35. Using the Bluebook

36. The book itself Front Cover Back Cover Table of Contents Bluepages Whitepages Tables Index

37. Starting Points Quick Reference on front and back cover Front cover: academic writing Back cover: practitioner documents Index (refers to page numbers) Table of contents (IX-XVII)

38. Bluepages: practitioner documents Rules here: bluepages Fleshed out here: whitepages Excepttypeface conventions always follow bluepages This is not a distinction with ALWD

39. White pages: academic writing Rules 1-9 Citation basics Rules to familiarize yourself with Including rules for structure and use of citations (i.e. signals, parentheticals), typeface conventions for law reviews, quotations, capitalization Rules 10-21 rules for Particular Resources (i.e. cases, statutes, etc.)

42. Ex. New York Times = N.Y. Times

43. Where there is no pre-made abbreviation for the title, T13 also shows you how to abbreviate every word of a title

44. Ex.

45. School is abbreviated to Sch.

46. Law is abbreviated to L.

47. Thus, a journal called “School Law” would be abbreviated to “Sch. L.”

49. Includes federal system T1.1 as well as the states T1.3 Intended for use when writing for a national audience, trumped by local rules where applicable T1: abbreviations and citation conventions for U.S. jurisdictions

50. Putting it all together Examples of how to use the Bluebook

51. Using all of these sections to create your citation Front Cover Back Cover Table of Contents Bluepages Whitepages Tables Index

52. Citations in Legal Documents Inside BACK cover, Bluepages & Whitepages (Rules)

53. Bluepages B4, Whitepages R10 Cite to pages 733 to 734 in opinion REGINALD D. WHITTINGTON, JR., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. INDIANAPOLIS MOTOR SPEEDWAY FOUNDATION, INC., Defendant-Appellee. No. 08-3352 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SEVENTH CIRCUIT 601 F.3d 728; 2010 U.S. App. LEXIS 7524 December 11, 2009, Argued April 13, 2010, Decided 4.1.1 Abbreviate case name, following T6 & T10 4.1.2 Abbreviate Reporter, following T1 4.1.2 Pincites 4.1.3, R6.2 Circuit number Whittington v. Indianapolis Motor Speedway Found., Inc., 601 F.3d 728, 733-34 (7th Cir. 2010).

54. Citations in Law Reviews Inside FRONT cover & Whitepages (Rules)

55. Whitepages R16 16 & 16.1 basic form: author, title, vol., journal abbrev., pages cited, date in parenthesis 16.1, 16.2 Student Author of Comment 16.3 Titles, Capitalization (R8) 16.1, Numbering 16.4, T13 Journal title (large/small caps) Cite to pages 518 to 526 in article Seton Hall Journal of Sport Law 19977 Seton Hall J. Sports L. 513COMMENT: A pit-stop in the Courts and applying the brakes to keep another from crashing: A comment on the conflicts between Indianapolis motor speedway and championship auto racing teamsNAME: Meri J. Van Blarcom Meri J. Van Blarcom, Comment, A Pit-Stop in the Courts and Applying the Brakes to Keep Another from Crashing: A Comment on the Conflicts Between Indianapolis Motor Speedway and Championship Auto Racing Teams, 7 Seton Hall J. Sport L. 513, 518-26 (1997).

56. For more help CALI exercise Lexis’ Interactive Citation Workstation www.legalbluebook.com Dickerson’s ALWD to BB conversion table (Note: not updated for 19th Edition)