Coronal mass ejections final ppt emily, sara, ryan and jameswhitmers
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are bursts of solar plasma and magnetic fields that erupt from the sun's corona. They can release up to a trillion tons of plasma that travels through space at over a million miles per hour. When a CME interacts with Earth's magnetic field, it can cause a geomagnetic storm that disrupts radio communications and electrical systems. Videos and images show CMEs exploding from the sun and expanding rapidly outward.
Dark matter is not composed of normal matter like electrons, protons, and neutrons and does not emit, reflect, or absorb light. It accounts for approximately 25% of the mass of the universe and its existence is inferred from its gravitational effects. Dark energy, which accounts for around 70% of the universe, is causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate and may be explained by modifications to Einstein's theory of gravity or an unknown field.
This document provides an overview of key theoretical insights into new energy science, focusing on electrokinetics. It discusses several scientists and their work in electrokinetics, including T. Townsend Brown, Dr. Oleg Jefimenko, and Dr. Thomas Valone. Some key points about electrokinetics are that quick pulses of energy into the zero point field can produce propulsive forces, and asymmetric capacitors may create imbalances to extract more zero point energy. Experimental electrokinetic devices are described, including ones using parallel plate capacitors and pulsed electricity. Recent experiments found stronger forces using permeable/magnetizable dielectrics. The document suggests planetary alignments and eclipses have impacted electrokinet
The document describes different forms of energy, including potential energy, gravitational energy, elastic energy, chemical energy, nuclear energy, magnetic energy, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, electrical energy, thermal energy, radiant energy, wind energy, mechanical wave energy, sound energy, and geothermal energy. It provides definitions of each type of energy and example videos to illustrate how each form of energy is stored or transferred. The objective is to be able to describe and differentiate between the various forms of energy.
This document provides an overview of concepts related to gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy, elastic potential energy, and conservation of energy. It includes example problems and questions involving calculations using the equations for these different types of energy. The objective is for students to be able to make calculations involving gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy. Example problems are provided for calculating the gravitational potential energy of an anvil launched into the air, the kinetic energy of an arrow, and the elastic potential energy stored in a stretched bungee cord. Conservation of energy questions relate to the highest point and speed of a pole vaulter and the takeoff and landing speed of a stunt driver. Additional practice problems are referenced at the end.
The fifth concept in New Energy science that we consider important to learning how to tap energy from the quantum vacuum. This is the famous Casimir Effect, discovered by Dutch physicist Hendrik Casimir in the late 1940s.
This document is part 3 of a seminar on new energy for Vietnam. It will discuss the science behind new energy by answering 4 questions: (1) how we know zero point energy exists, (2) how its existence improves our understanding of nature, (3) how we can access it, and (4) what we can do with it. It will overview 12 key theories in physics that are important for developing new energy applications, including quantum mechanics, electrodynamics, and theories around low-energy nuclear reactions. The goal is to make information about discoveries in new energy physics available to Vietnamese scientists since this information is often excluded from textbooks by petroleum and nuclear power industries.
Coronal mass ejections final ppt emily, sara, ryan and jameswhitmers
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are bursts of solar plasma and magnetic fields that erupt from the sun's corona. They can release up to a trillion tons of plasma that travels through space at over a million miles per hour. When a CME interacts with Earth's magnetic field, it can cause a geomagnetic storm that disrupts radio communications and electrical systems. Videos and images show CMEs exploding from the sun and expanding rapidly outward.
Dark matter is not composed of normal matter like electrons, protons, and neutrons and does not emit, reflect, or absorb light. It accounts for approximately 25% of the mass of the universe and its existence is inferred from its gravitational effects. Dark energy, which accounts for around 70% of the universe, is causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate and may be explained by modifications to Einstein's theory of gravity or an unknown field.
This document provides an overview of key theoretical insights into new energy science, focusing on electrokinetics. It discusses several scientists and their work in electrokinetics, including T. Townsend Brown, Dr. Oleg Jefimenko, and Dr. Thomas Valone. Some key points about electrokinetics are that quick pulses of energy into the zero point field can produce propulsive forces, and asymmetric capacitors may create imbalances to extract more zero point energy. Experimental electrokinetic devices are described, including ones using parallel plate capacitors and pulsed electricity. Recent experiments found stronger forces using permeable/magnetizable dielectrics. The document suggests planetary alignments and eclipses have impacted electrokinet
The document describes different forms of energy, including potential energy, gravitational energy, elastic energy, chemical energy, nuclear energy, magnetic energy, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, electrical energy, thermal energy, radiant energy, wind energy, mechanical wave energy, sound energy, and geothermal energy. It provides definitions of each type of energy and example videos to illustrate how each form of energy is stored or transferred. The objective is to be able to describe and differentiate between the various forms of energy.
This document provides an overview of concepts related to gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy, elastic potential energy, and conservation of energy. It includes example problems and questions involving calculations using the equations for these different types of energy. The objective is for students to be able to make calculations involving gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy. Example problems are provided for calculating the gravitational potential energy of an anvil launched into the air, the kinetic energy of an arrow, and the elastic potential energy stored in a stretched bungee cord. Conservation of energy questions relate to the highest point and speed of a pole vaulter and the takeoff and landing speed of a stunt driver. Additional practice problems are referenced at the end.
The fifth concept in New Energy science that we consider important to learning how to tap energy from the quantum vacuum. This is the famous Casimir Effect, discovered by Dutch physicist Hendrik Casimir in the late 1940s.
This document is part 3 of a seminar on new energy for Vietnam. It will discuss the science behind new energy by answering 4 questions: (1) how we know zero point energy exists, (2) how its existence improves our understanding of nature, (3) how we can access it, and (4) what we can do with it. It will overview 12 key theories in physics that are important for developing new energy applications, including quantum mechanics, electrodynamics, and theories around low-energy nuclear reactions. The goal is to make information about discoveries in new energy physics available to Vietnamese scientists since this information is often excluded from textbooks by petroleum and nuclear power industries.
In this section, we see how New Energy science helps us move toward a workable Unified Field Theory; how it helps us to understand Zero Point Energy as the mysterious "dark energy" cosmologists have long posited; and how the Big Bang most likely never happened.
The document discusses several key ideas in cosmology, including the cosmic web, dark matter, dark energy, the Big Bang, and inflation. It proposes that sound waves generated during the inflationary era could have put the "Bang" in the Big Bang by eventually forming galaxies and clusters. It also explains that dark energy, in the form of vacuum energy, is thought to be causing the accelerating expansion of the universe. Finally, it mentions the goal of precision cosmology to develop a "concordance" model combining observations with theory.
The document discusses the Big Bang theory and the evidence that supports it. It explains that the discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation provided evidence that the universe began in a massive explosion, rather than existing eternally as the steady state theory proposed. The background radiation matched predictions of what would be observed if the universe originated from a hot, dense state over 13 billion years ago.
The fourth area of modern science we consider fundamental to understanding and applying New Energy -- also called Zero Point Energy. This is the field of Quantum Electrodynamics.
The eleventh part in our survey of emerging New Energy sciences. This is possibly one of New Energy's most promising fields - that of quantum heat engines. Quantum ratchets or heat engines may one day be used to power our mobile devices without ever needing to be charged. They may also power nanobots inside our bodies for targeted delivery of medicines, arterial cleansing, etc.
Light moves as electromagnetic waves at the fastest known speed, allowing it to reach the moon in only 1.5 seconds. While light was first created through fire and torches, it can now be produced and controlled through electricity, which has powered developments from basic lighting to modern decorative and entertainment uses. Light plays an essential but often overlooked role in daily life.
The document describes an online global physics department meeting that provides ubiquitous professional development for physics teachers. It occurs weekly on Twitter and globally on Wednesdays, connecting over 200 physics teachers. The meetings allow teachers to get ideas from textbook authors, learn new skills, brainstorm lessons, and hear from eminent scientists. Future plans include student presentations and improved collaboration opportunities. Teachers are invited to join the online global community.
This document summarizes a lecture on observational cosmology and the current state of the standard cosmological model. It discusses key aspects of the standard model like the Robertson-Walker metric, ingredients like dark matter and dark energy, and questionable aspects. It also covers alternatives to cold dark matter models, the possibility that dark matter is quantum mechanical, and anomalies in the cosmic microwave background data. The document emphasizes that cosmology involves massive data compression and cautions against overinterpreting potential anomalies in the data.
Light travels at 299,792,458 meters per second in a vacuum but slower through materials like glass or air. It is both a wave and particle known as a wavicle that can transfer energy as heat or cause asteroids to spin from light pressure in space. Isaac Newton was the first to study light, which allows us to see from far distances and can circle the Earth 7 times in the time it takes to travel to the Sun and back.
Astrophysics & Cosmology Masterclass November 2021Peter Coles
Slides used during a Science Week event at Maynooth University on 12th November 2021. These are the slides for the Cosmology part of the event which was run by Peter Coles and John Regan of the Department of Theoretical Physics at Maynooth University.
E L U N I V E R S O A N T E S D E L B I N G B A N GErika Toledo
The document discusses theories of modern physics including relativity, quantum mechanics, and the theory of everything. It explores concepts of space, time, mass, gravity, and energy. It then examines global mechanics, looking at the structure of matter, electromagnetism, mass creation, gravity, atomic stability, and electron configuration. Finally, it briefly mentions topics in global astrophysics and cosmology such as black holes, the expansion and contraction of the universe, stars, supernovas, antimatter, and dark matter.
1) The document discusses the origins and evolution of the universe from the Big Bang to present day, including the formation of galaxies and evidence that supports the Big Bang theory.
2) It describes how the universe expanded and cooled over time, allowing different fundamental forces and particles to emerge at different points in cosmic history.
3) The document also examines mysteries like dark matter and dark energy, which make up most of the universe's mass and are driving its accelerating expansion.
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest particle accelerator, located at CERN in Switzerland. It accelerates particles to near light-speed and collides them to study subatomic particles. Researchers use it to answer fundamental questions about the universe and discover particles like the Higgs boson. Some physicists have theorized that colliding particles at very high energies could potentially trigger a microscopic black hole that could grow and absorb the planet, though this risk is considered very small. The document discusses the ethical questions around continuing such high-energy research.
In this section, we see how New Energy inventors are using energy from the quantum vacuum - also called Zero Point Energy - to create coherence in the otherwise random and sloshing "Quantum Foam" as described by John Wheeler.
New Energy scientists believe that tapping energy from quantum vacuum fluctuations in the quantum foam/Zero Point Field could provide a new source of energy. They theorize that subatomic particles emerge constantly from this quantum foam, which is a fluctuating foundation of space-time. If devices can be made to resonate with these fluctuations, it may be possible to extract and harness this zero-point energy that is constantly being pushed into our universe from higher dimensions. However, achieving resonance with the chaotic quantum foam is difficult, requiring methods to induce coherence and order in a local region of the field.
1) The document discusses key concepts in cosmology including the cosmic web, dark matter, dark energy, the Big Bang, and inflation.
2) It explains that dark matter and dark energy make up most of the universe and are not fully understood.
3) The Big Bang theory is supported by evidence like the cosmic microwave background radiation, but questions remain about what caused inflation in the early universe.
The document discusses key concepts in cosmology including the cosmic web, dark matter, dark energy, the Big Bang theory, and inflation. It summarizes Nobel Prize-winning discoveries like the cosmic microwave background and expanding universe. While observations support the standard model of cosmology, dark matter and dark energy remain largely unexplained. Future work aims to better understand the nature and distribution of matter and energy throughout the universe.
Barry Hansen, as part of our Hands-On Ideas series, describes how he was inspired to build his own magnetic launch devices. Going from his science fiction influences through the theory and project iterations, he shows how a maker can explore space transportation technology.
This document discusses scheduling work using Kanban rather than Scrum at a Finnish telecom company developing a self-service channel for corporate customers. It had previously used Scrum for 3 years and transitioned to Kanban for the past 9 months. Key aspects of Kanban discussed include not having estimations, sprints, fixed teams or domain areas. The document emphasizes collaboration, transparency and pessimism as keys to success with Kanban scheduling.
This document presents a holistic view of the universe as a divine system. It argues that the universe can be seen as a closed system that is able to generate and integrate all natural systems within it. Seeing the universe as a huge, all-encompassing system respects the laws of nature and incorporates all natural entities without chance. Conceptualizing God and the universe as having the same body maintains God's properties of being eternal and all-powerful while viewing the universe and nature as logical and systematic. Understanding the engineering of nature can help assemble reality from micro to macro scales and validate this vision of a divine, logical system of the universe.
A Canadian neuroscientist, Philip Low (Stanford / MIT) and 25 more researchers can lead many people and organizations in a very embarrassing situation, as they are about to ...
Case Against Scaling (Scrum Gathering Berlin)samililja
This document discusses challenges with large-scale software projects and knowledge work. It argues that large size is often due to too much work-in-progress and failure demand from problems like lack of transparency. Attempting agile frameworks at large scale can forget the customer focus. Instead, the document suggests rethinking the questions posed to find ways to reduce size and optimize for customer value delivery through approaches like limiting work-in-progress and removing non-value adding work.
In this section, we see how New Energy science helps us move toward a workable Unified Field Theory; how it helps us to understand Zero Point Energy as the mysterious "dark energy" cosmologists have long posited; and how the Big Bang most likely never happened.
The document discusses several key ideas in cosmology, including the cosmic web, dark matter, dark energy, the Big Bang, and inflation. It proposes that sound waves generated during the inflationary era could have put the "Bang" in the Big Bang by eventually forming galaxies and clusters. It also explains that dark energy, in the form of vacuum energy, is thought to be causing the accelerating expansion of the universe. Finally, it mentions the goal of precision cosmology to develop a "concordance" model combining observations with theory.
The document discusses the Big Bang theory and the evidence that supports it. It explains that the discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation provided evidence that the universe began in a massive explosion, rather than existing eternally as the steady state theory proposed. The background radiation matched predictions of what would be observed if the universe originated from a hot, dense state over 13 billion years ago.
The fourth area of modern science we consider fundamental to understanding and applying New Energy -- also called Zero Point Energy. This is the field of Quantum Electrodynamics.
The eleventh part in our survey of emerging New Energy sciences. This is possibly one of New Energy's most promising fields - that of quantum heat engines. Quantum ratchets or heat engines may one day be used to power our mobile devices without ever needing to be charged. They may also power nanobots inside our bodies for targeted delivery of medicines, arterial cleansing, etc.
Light moves as electromagnetic waves at the fastest known speed, allowing it to reach the moon in only 1.5 seconds. While light was first created through fire and torches, it can now be produced and controlled through electricity, which has powered developments from basic lighting to modern decorative and entertainment uses. Light plays an essential but often overlooked role in daily life.
The document describes an online global physics department meeting that provides ubiquitous professional development for physics teachers. It occurs weekly on Twitter and globally on Wednesdays, connecting over 200 physics teachers. The meetings allow teachers to get ideas from textbook authors, learn new skills, brainstorm lessons, and hear from eminent scientists. Future plans include student presentations and improved collaboration opportunities. Teachers are invited to join the online global community.
This document summarizes a lecture on observational cosmology and the current state of the standard cosmological model. It discusses key aspects of the standard model like the Robertson-Walker metric, ingredients like dark matter and dark energy, and questionable aspects. It also covers alternatives to cold dark matter models, the possibility that dark matter is quantum mechanical, and anomalies in the cosmic microwave background data. The document emphasizes that cosmology involves massive data compression and cautions against overinterpreting potential anomalies in the data.
Light travels at 299,792,458 meters per second in a vacuum but slower through materials like glass or air. It is both a wave and particle known as a wavicle that can transfer energy as heat or cause asteroids to spin from light pressure in space. Isaac Newton was the first to study light, which allows us to see from far distances and can circle the Earth 7 times in the time it takes to travel to the Sun and back.
Astrophysics & Cosmology Masterclass November 2021Peter Coles
Slides used during a Science Week event at Maynooth University on 12th November 2021. These are the slides for the Cosmology part of the event which was run by Peter Coles and John Regan of the Department of Theoretical Physics at Maynooth University.
E L U N I V E R S O A N T E S D E L B I N G B A N GErika Toledo
The document discusses theories of modern physics including relativity, quantum mechanics, and the theory of everything. It explores concepts of space, time, mass, gravity, and energy. It then examines global mechanics, looking at the structure of matter, electromagnetism, mass creation, gravity, atomic stability, and electron configuration. Finally, it briefly mentions topics in global astrophysics and cosmology such as black holes, the expansion and contraction of the universe, stars, supernovas, antimatter, and dark matter.
1) The document discusses the origins and evolution of the universe from the Big Bang to present day, including the formation of galaxies and evidence that supports the Big Bang theory.
2) It describes how the universe expanded and cooled over time, allowing different fundamental forces and particles to emerge at different points in cosmic history.
3) The document also examines mysteries like dark matter and dark energy, which make up most of the universe's mass and are driving its accelerating expansion.
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest particle accelerator, located at CERN in Switzerland. It accelerates particles to near light-speed and collides them to study subatomic particles. Researchers use it to answer fundamental questions about the universe and discover particles like the Higgs boson. Some physicists have theorized that colliding particles at very high energies could potentially trigger a microscopic black hole that could grow and absorb the planet, though this risk is considered very small. The document discusses the ethical questions around continuing such high-energy research.
In this section, we see how New Energy inventors are using energy from the quantum vacuum - also called Zero Point Energy - to create coherence in the otherwise random and sloshing "Quantum Foam" as described by John Wheeler.
New Energy scientists believe that tapping energy from quantum vacuum fluctuations in the quantum foam/Zero Point Field could provide a new source of energy. They theorize that subatomic particles emerge constantly from this quantum foam, which is a fluctuating foundation of space-time. If devices can be made to resonate with these fluctuations, it may be possible to extract and harness this zero-point energy that is constantly being pushed into our universe from higher dimensions. However, achieving resonance with the chaotic quantum foam is difficult, requiring methods to induce coherence and order in a local region of the field.
1) The document discusses key concepts in cosmology including the cosmic web, dark matter, dark energy, the Big Bang, and inflation.
2) It explains that dark matter and dark energy make up most of the universe and are not fully understood.
3) The Big Bang theory is supported by evidence like the cosmic microwave background radiation, but questions remain about what caused inflation in the early universe.
The document discusses key concepts in cosmology including the cosmic web, dark matter, dark energy, the Big Bang theory, and inflation. It summarizes Nobel Prize-winning discoveries like the cosmic microwave background and expanding universe. While observations support the standard model of cosmology, dark matter and dark energy remain largely unexplained. Future work aims to better understand the nature and distribution of matter and energy throughout the universe.
Barry Hansen, as part of our Hands-On Ideas series, describes how he was inspired to build his own magnetic launch devices. Going from his science fiction influences through the theory and project iterations, he shows how a maker can explore space transportation technology.
This document discusses scheduling work using Kanban rather than Scrum at a Finnish telecom company developing a self-service channel for corporate customers. It had previously used Scrum for 3 years and transitioned to Kanban for the past 9 months. Key aspects of Kanban discussed include not having estimations, sprints, fixed teams or domain areas. The document emphasizes collaboration, transparency and pessimism as keys to success with Kanban scheduling.
This document presents a holistic view of the universe as a divine system. It argues that the universe can be seen as a closed system that is able to generate and integrate all natural systems within it. Seeing the universe as a huge, all-encompassing system respects the laws of nature and incorporates all natural entities without chance. Conceptualizing God and the universe as having the same body maintains God's properties of being eternal and all-powerful while viewing the universe and nature as logical and systematic. Understanding the engineering of nature can help assemble reality from micro to macro scales and validate this vision of a divine, logical system of the universe.
A Canadian neuroscientist, Philip Low (Stanford / MIT) and 25 more researchers can lead many people and organizations in a very embarrassing situation, as they are about to ...
Case Against Scaling (Scrum Gathering Berlin)samililja
This document discusses challenges with large-scale software projects and knowledge work. It argues that large size is often due to too much work-in-progress and failure demand from problems like lack of transparency. Attempting agile frameworks at large scale can forget the customer focus. Instead, the document suggests rethinking the questions posed to find ways to reduce size and optimize for customer value delivery through approaches like limiting work-in-progress and removing non-value adding work.
Cientistas ferem o antropocentrismo mortalmenteJAIRO ALVES
O documento discute um manifesto que será assinado por cientistas reconhecendo a existência de consciência em mamíferos, aves e outros animais. Isso pode ferir mortalmente o antropocentrismo, a visão de que os humanos estão no centro do universo. Algumas pessoas e organizações promovem o antropocentrismo para ganhar seguidores. O manifesto pode levar a novas leis de proteção aos animais e uma visão mais realista do lugar dos humanos na natureza.
The document discusses implementing a pragmatic continuous delivery pipeline for Java applications using open source tools like Jenkins, Nexus, and LiveRebel. The pipeline includes phases for building, testing, QA, and production. Artifacts like WAR files and log files move through the pipeline. While changing processes can be difficult, the presenter suggests automating current workflows and capturing them in a pipeline as a way to introduce continuous delivery practices.
Ilona Hiila: Content World Domination @ Reaktor Design Day 3.10.2013Vapa Media
Everything we do online revolves around content – whether it's a like, status, form, video or an online shop. No one can stop the content world domination and this speech will dive in to the design and management of great content that will exceed the expectations of your customers
Agile Testing. Risks, Uncertainty and Why It All WorksAgileee
The document discusses key principles and practices of agile testing, including delivering working software frequently, adapting to changing business needs, eliminating speculation, checking alignment between intentions and actual needs, and emphasizing a whole-team approach to testing where the team succeeds or fails together. It outlines nine key agile testing practices such as acceptance test-driven development, test-driven development, exploratory testing, test automation, continuous integration, and automated deployment.
Este documento contém reflexões sobre diversos temas polêmicos divididos em capítulos. No capítulo 2, o autor argumenta que os seres humanos são computadores biológicos avançados. No capítulo 3, ele discute como um manifesto científico reconhecendo a consciência em outros animais pode ferir o antropocentrismo. No capítulo seguinte, ele reflete sobre a morte e outros tópicos controversos.
The document discusses the origins and early development of the universe according to cosmological theories like the Big Bang theory. It states that the universe began as a very hot and dense ball of matter over 13 billion years ago. As the universe expanded and cooled over hundreds of thousands of years, the basic building blocks of atoms like protons, neutrons and other subatomic particles formed from vibrating strings as proposed by string theory. These simple elements eventually combined to form the first atoms in the growing universe.
The document discusses several alternative theories of the universe to the mainstream Big Bang theory. It describes the Creationist theory which involves divine creation of the universe and earth. It also outlines the Stoic universe model of a finite universe surrounded by void that undergoes cycles. Finally, it summarizes the Cycle theory where the universe undergoes repeated periods of expansion and contraction.
The document discusses several alternative theories of the universe:
1) The Big Bang Theory which proposes the universe began from an infinitely dense point and has been expanding ever since.
2) Creationist theories ranging from a young earth theory to one where God guided evolution.
3) A stoic universe model where the universe pulsates between expansion and contraction in an endless cycle.
4) Oscillation and Cycle theories where the universe expands and contracts in a repeated, perpetual pattern.
The document discusses several alternative theories of the universe to the mainstream Big Bang theory. It describes the Creationist theory which involves divine creation of the universe and earth. It also outlines the Stoic universe model of a finite universe surrounded by void that undergoes cycles. Finally, it summarizes the Cycle theory where the universe undergoes repeated periods of expansion and contraction.
The document discusses several alternative theories of the origins and evolution of the universe:
1) The Big Bang Theory proposes that the universe began from an infinitely dense, hot state and has been expanding ever since.
2) Creationist theories suggest that the universe was created by God or a divine being, with varying views on the age of the Earth and role of evolution.
3) The Stoic Universe theory proposes a finite universe surrounded by an infinite void that undergoes periodic upheavals and events.
4) The Oscillation theory proposes a perpetual cycle of expansion from a Big Bang and subsequent contraction into a Big Crunch.
Observations from the Hubble Space Telescope in 1998 showed that the universe was expanding more slowly in the past than it is today, contrary to expectations. This led scientists to propose either modifications to Einstein's theory of gravity, such as the introduction of dark energy, or the existence of an unknown type of matter, dubbed dark matter, that cannot be detected directly. Dark matter is inferred to make up about 27% of the universe based on its gravitational effects, but its exact nature remains unknown.
The solar system formed from a large cloud of dust and gas that collapsed under gravity around 4.6 billion years ago. As the cloud spun, it flattened into a disk with the sun at the center. Closer to the sun, the rocky, terrestrial planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars formed. Further from the sun, the larger gas giants Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune formed, along with the icy planet Pluto. The inner planets are smaller and denser, while the outer planets have thick atmospheres and are mostly made of gas.
The document discusses the origins and characteristics of objects in our solar system. It describes the Sun's age and stability at the center. The inner planets are smaller, denser, and rockier, and include Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. They are more closely spaced and have hotter surfaces. The outer planets are large gas giants with massive atmospheres, including Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. They orbit farther from the Sun.
1) The document discusses CERN, the particle physics laboratory located near Geneva, Switzerland. It describes some of the research being done there, including experiments using the Large Hadron Collider to better understand the universe.
2) The Large Hadron Collider fires beams of protons towards each other at close to the speed of light to simulate the high energy conditions that existed shortly after the Big Bang. Experiments detect the subatomic particles created in these collisions to learn about fundamental forces and particles.
3) One goal is to find the Higgs boson particle, which could help explain how other particles acquire mass. Researchers also hope to gain insights into dark matter, black holes, and theories of everything. The scale of the
The document discusses two theories of the formation of the universe:
1) The Big Bang theory, which proposes that the universe was created 13.7 billion years ago by an enormous explosion that caused the contents of the universe to be compressed under extreme pressure and density. As time passed, the universe continued expanding and cooling.
2) An alternative theory that proposes the universe was formed from the collapse of a gaseous nebula. As the nebula collapsed under pressure, it flattened and fragments broke off to form the sun and other masses, which eventually became the universe through gravitational pull.
The Big Bang Theory describes how the universe began approximately 13.7 billion years ago from an extremely hot and dense state. As the universe rapidly expanded and cooled, simple subatomic particles formed and then combined to create the first atoms, which allowed light to travel freely. Observational evidence from the cosmic microwave background radiation and the abundance of light elements support the Big Bang Theory as the leading explanation for the origin and evolution of the known universe. Alternative models have been proposed but the Big Bang remains the prevailing cosmological model according to modern physics.
The document discusses the International Space Station (ISS). It is the largest structure humans have put into space, flying at an average altitude of 248 miles above Earth. It circles the globe every 90 minutes at a speed of about 17,500 mph. The ISS serves as a laboratory for new technologies and an observation platform for research, as a permanently occupied outpost in outer space.
Jack Oughton - Galaxy Formation Journal 02.docxJack Oughton
This document discusses theories of galaxy formation from the early universe following the Big Bang. It describes how small fluctuations in the initially uniform hydrogen/helium gas may have led to denser regions that accreted more mass over time through either a "top-down" or "bottom-up" process. The bottom-up theory, in which smaller clumps merged into larger structures, best matches current observational evidence of hierarchical galaxy clustering. However, fully explaining galaxy formation remains challenging due to uncertainties around gas dynamics and dark matter.
The Big Bang theory proposes that the universe began approximately 13.7 billion years ago from the violent expansion of space and time starting from a state of extreme density and high temperature. Evidence for this theory includes the expansion of the universe, the cosmic microwave background radiation, and the relative abundance of light elements like hydrogen and helium. The theory is supported by observations from the COBE satellite which mapped the cosmic microwave background radiation and provided insights into the early universe shortly after the Big Bang. There are several hypotheses for the long-term future of the universe depending on whether its overall density exceeds or falls below the critical density level.
The Big Bang Theory is the leading explanation of how the universe began from an infinitely hot and dense singularity around 13.7 billion years ago. It expanded at unimaginable speed initially, then more slowly over time, resulting in the universe we observe today. The cosmic microwave background provides evidence of this expansion. Within the first second after the Big Bang, the universe contained neutrons, electrons and protons and experienced a period of inflation and reheating. The steady state theory proposes an alternative where the universe has no beginning or end and matter is continuously created.
The document summarizes the 10 key steps in the generally accepted theory of the formation and evolution of the universe according to the Big Bang theory:
1) The universe began as an incredibly hot, dense point that rapidly expanded in an event known as the Big Bang.
2) The universe underwent a period of rapid exponential expansion known as inflation shortly after the Big Bang.
3) Light chemical elements like hydrogen and helium formed in the first few minutes as the universe cooled and expanded.
4) After about 380,000 years, the universe cooled enough for light to shine through for the first time.
5) The first stars and galaxies emerged from the "cosmic dark ages" over the
THE UNIVERSE
The high-quality-supported principle of our universe's foundation facilities on an occasion called the huge bang. This idea was born of the commentary that different galaxies are shifting far from our own at top notch speed in all directions, as though they had all been propelled with the aid of an historic explosive pressure.
A Belgian priest named Georges Lemaitre first counselled the massive bang theory in the Nineteen Twenties, while he theorized that the universe started from a unmarried primordial atom. The idea acquired fundamental boosts from Edwin Hubble's observations that galaxies are rushing far from us in all guidelines, as well as from the Nineteen Sixties discovery of cosmic microwave radiation—interpreted as echoes of the large bang—via Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson.
The document discusses various perspectives on the origins of the universe and life. It presents quotes and information that both support and question mainstream scientific theories like the Big Bang theory. It argues that the Big Bang requires supernatural beliefs and poses open questions about dark matter, dark energy, and problems with star formation that have no natural explanations. The document suggests an intelligent creator as an alternative perspective on origins.
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