ALISON IISD
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This document contains contact information for Michael McGraw including a phone number and name along with a course title and date. It appears to be details from a class for Michael McGraw in an introduction to instructional systems design course on September 3rd, 2016.
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Temperate desert PERIOD 5
The temperate desert biome has low and unpredictable rainfall, with strong temperature contrasts between summer and winter. Most precipitation falls in the winter when temperatures are below freezing, and summers are hot and dry. Common plants include cacti, shrubs and grasses adapted to store water. Animals such as snakes, lizards and small mammals obtain water from their food or specialized physiological functions. Human impacts such as off-road vehicles, water depletion and military exercises can damage desert soils and plants, but conservation efforts include restricting vehicle use to trails and improving land and water management.
Tropical desert PERIOD 5
The document summarizes information about tropical deserts, including their locations, climates, biodiversity, and human impacts. Tropical deserts have extremely hot and dry conditions, with average temperatures of 90 degrees Fahrenheit that can rise to 120 degrees. Common animal species include coyotes, owls, rattlesnakes, and vultures, while plant life includes barrel cacti, brittle bush, and creosote bush. Tropical deserts have low productivity rates due to the harsh climate. While some countries have established laws to protect deserts, overexploitation by humans, such as draining aquifers and nuclear testing, has negatively impacted tropical desert ecosystems.
Tiaga PERIOD 4
The taiga biome is located in northern regions between 60-75° latitude, spanning parts of Canada, Europe, and Asia. The climate is very cold, below freezing for 6 months of the year. Common animal species include lynx, snowshoe rabbits, elk, and moose. Trees like pine, spruce, and fir have adapted to release toxins that prevent other species from growing. Human activities like logging, mining, and deforestation threaten the fragile taiga ecosystem.
Water cycle PERIOD 5
The document discusses the results of a study on the impact of climate change on coffee production. Researchers found that suitable land for coffee production could decline by up to 50% by 2050 due to rising temperatures and changing rain patterns associated with climate change. The study highlights the need to develop new varieties of coffee that can thrive in warmer conditions to help the multi-billion dollar coffee industry adapt to climate change impacts.
Tropical savannah PERIOD 5
Tropical savannas have a wet/dry climate with distinct seasons where it is very dry during the winter months and then has rainy months during the summer. Vegetation includes grasses, shrubs and scattered trees that have adapted to seasonal changes with some shedding leaves during the dry season. Large grazing animals and grass fires are characteristic of many tropical savanna ecosystems.
Taiga PERIOD 5
The taiga biome is located in northern regions like Russia, Alaska, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. It has cold winters around -6 degrees Celsius and low precipitation. The soil is nutrient-poor with permafrost and shallow bogs. Common animals include moose, Siberian tigers, lynx, wolves and bears. Dominant plant life consists of black spruce, jack pine and white fir. Logging and hunting threaten taiga species, but conservation groups work to mitigate these impacts and support sustainable practices.
Tropical desert PERIOD 4
Tropical deserts are very dry areas located between 5-30 degrees latitude in both hemispheres. They include the Sahara Desert and Great Basin Desert. Tropical deserts receive little to no rainfall some years and have sandy or rocky soil. Plants include cacti, cholla, and brittlebush, and animals include kangaroo rats, coyotes, and camels that have adapted to the harsh, dry conditions. Human inhabitation of tropical deserts is increasing pollution and damaging the environment unless laws are enacted to protect it, as seen by the differences between how the Mojave Desert and Atacama Desert are handled.
The amazon rainforest PERIOD 4
Tropical rainforests are located in warm, equatorial regions like South America, receiving high average rainfall of 108 inches per year. They have immense biodiversity, being home to over 427 mammal, 1,300 bird, and 400 amphibian species. The document describes some animal species found in rainforests like anacondas, glass frogs, macaws, sloths, and jaguars. It also discusses plant species like corpse flowers, strangler figs, and Amazon water lilies. Food webs and pyramids in rainforests are explained, showing energy transfer between primary producers, primary consumers, and apex predators. Photosynthesis occurs most actively in the canopy layer. Deforestation is an issue
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Temperate desert PERIOD 5
The temperate desert biome has low and unpredictable rainfall, with strong temperature contrasts between summer and winter. Most precipitation falls in the winter when temperatures are below freezing, and summers are hot and dry. Common plants include cacti, shrubs and grasses adapted to store water. Animals such as snakes, lizards and small mammals obtain water from their food or specialized physiological functions. Human impacts such as off-road vehicles, water depletion and military exercises can damage desert soils and plants, but conservation efforts include restricting vehicle use to trails and improving land and water management.
Tropical desert PERIOD 5
The document summarizes information about tropical deserts, including their locations, climates, biodiversity, and human impacts. Tropical deserts have extremely hot and dry conditions, with average temperatures of 90 degrees Fahrenheit that can rise to 120 degrees. Common animal species include coyotes, owls, rattlesnakes, and vultures, while plant life includes barrel cacti, brittle bush, and creosote bush. Tropical deserts have low productivity rates due to the harsh climate. While some countries have established laws to protect deserts, overexploitation by humans, such as draining aquifers and nuclear testing, has negatively impacted tropical desert ecosystems.
Tiaga PERIOD 4
The taiga biome is located in northern regions between 60-75° latitude, spanning parts of Canada, Europe, and Asia. The climate is very cold, below freezing for 6 months of the year. Common animal species include lynx, snowshoe rabbits, elk, and moose. Trees like pine, spruce, and fir have adapted to release toxins that prevent other species from growing. Human activities like logging, mining, and deforestation threaten the fragile taiga ecosystem.
Water cycle PERIOD 5
The document discusses the results of a study on the impact of climate change on coffee production. Researchers found that suitable land for coffee production could decline by up to 50% by 2050 due to rising temperatures and changing rain patterns associated with climate change. The study highlights the need to develop new varieties of coffee that can thrive in warmer conditions to help the multi-billion dollar coffee industry adapt to climate change impacts.
Tropical savannah PERIOD 5
Tropical savannas have a wet/dry climate with distinct seasons where it is very dry during the winter months and then has rainy months during the summer. Vegetation includes grasses, shrubs and scattered trees that have adapted to seasonal changes with some shedding leaves during the dry season. Large grazing animals and grass fires are characteristic of many tropical savanna ecosystems.
Taiga PERIOD 5
The taiga biome is located in northern regions like Russia, Alaska, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. It has cold winters around -6 degrees Celsius and low precipitation. The soil is nutrient-poor with permafrost and shallow bogs. Common animals include moose, Siberian tigers, lynx, wolves and bears. Dominant plant life consists of black spruce, jack pine and white fir. Logging and hunting threaten taiga species, but conservation groups work to mitigate these impacts and support sustainable practices.
Tropical desert PERIOD 4
Tropical deserts are very dry areas located between 5-30 degrees latitude in both hemispheres. They include the Sahara Desert and Great Basin Desert. Tropical deserts receive little to no rainfall some years and have sandy or rocky soil. Plants include cacti, cholla, and brittlebush, and animals include kangaroo rats, coyotes, and camels that have adapted to the harsh, dry conditions. Human inhabitation of tropical deserts is increasing pollution and damaging the environment unless laws are enacted to protect it, as seen by the differences between how the Mojave Desert and Atacama Desert are handled.
The amazon rainforest PERIOD 4
Tropical rainforests are located in warm, equatorial regions like South America, receiving high average rainfall of 108 inches per year. They have immense biodiversity, being home to over 427 mammal, 1,300 bird, and 400 amphibian species. The document describes some animal species found in rainforests like anacondas, glass frogs, macaws, sloths, and jaguars. It also discusses plant species like corpse flowers, strangler figs, and Amazon water lilies. Food webs and pyramids in rainforests are explained, showing energy transfer between primary producers, primary consumers, and apex predators. Photosynthesis occurs most actively in the canopy layer. Deforestation is an issue
Carbon cycle PERIOD 4
The carbon cycle describes the natural pathways and reservoirs of carbon on Earth. Carbon cycles between the atmosphere, ocean, soil, plants and animals through respiration, photosynthesis, decomposition, and other processes. Humans impact the carbon cycle by burning fossil fuels which releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, and through deforestation which removes carbon-absorbing trees. Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from human activities is altering Earth's climate. Potential solutions include expanding renewable energy, limiting carbon emissions, reducing deforestation, and promoting clean energy technologies.
Deciduous forest PERIOD 5
Temperate deciduous forests are located in areas with moderate rainfall and temperatures around 50 degrees Fahrenheit, including parts of North America, Europe, Russia, China, and Japan. These forests have high biodiversity and various tree species that lose their leaves seasonally. Humans have significantly impacted deciduous forests through deforestation, agriculture, and urbanization, reducing forest coverage to about a third of its original extent. While more developed countries have enacted protections, less developed countries still lack resources to curb deforestation.
Sulfur cycle PERIOD 5
The document discusses the sulfur cycle, including its natural processes and reservoirs. It notes that the largest reservoirs of sulfur are the Earth's crust and oceans. It also describes how humans have significantly impacted the global sulfur cycle through the burning of fossil fuels, which increases the amount of sulfur in the atmosphere and oceans. This leads to issues like acid rain. Humans also release sulfates through activities like coal mining and burning coal without scrubbers.
Hydrolic Cycle PERIOD 4
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Temperate grasslands PERIOD 5
This document provides information about temperate grasslands, including their location, climate, characteristic plants and animals, nutrient and energy flows, primary and secondary succession, human impacts, and conservation efforts. Temperate grasslands are located between 23.5 degrees latitude in North America, South America, Africa, and Eurasia. They experience hot summers and cold winters, with precipitation between 10-35 inches annually. Common plants include clovers, oaks, and blazing stars, while animals include bison, coyotes, prairie dogs, and wolves. Humans have negatively impacted grasslands through overhunting, agriculture, and climate change, but some countries are now establishing protected areas and restoration projects.
Tropical savanna PERIOD 4
Tropical savannas have distinct seasonal patterns of rainfall and temperature. They experience wet summers and dry winters with annual rainfall around 30 inches. Located near the equator, savannas have high biodiversity and nutrient turnover in the soil. A variety of large herbivores and predators live in savanna ecosystems, and have adaptations like stripes, trunks, and camouflage to survive. Grasses and trees in the savanna also have adaptations like deep roots and water storage to endure dry periods. The rapid nutrient cycling and high primary productivity in savannas supports complex food webs and a great abundance of animal life. However, human impacts like poaching, overgrazing, and population growth threaten
Tropical Rainforest PERIOD 5
This document summarizes key aspects of tropical rainforests including their location in regions within 23.5 degrees north and south of the equator, poor nutrient-rich soil, constant high rainfall, and warm climate. It describes the nutrient and energy flows within tropical rainforests and lists some common plant and animal species. The document also discusses productivity, succession, and compares the human impacts on tropical rainforests in more developed countries versus less developed countries.
Temperate grasslands PERIOD 4
Temperate grasslands are located between the Tropics and include prairies, steppes, and pampas. They have hot summers and cold winters with 10-35 inches of annual precipitation. The soil is nutrient-rich due to deep grass roots. Characteristic plants include grasses like needlegrass and foxtail grass that support herbivores like bison and deer, which are preyed on by carnivores like cheetahs and badgers. Humans have converted much of the land to agriculture, damaging the ecosystem, but conservation efforts include restricting development and restoring degraded areas.
Sulfur cycle PERIOD 4
The sulfur cycle describes the movement of sulfur through the environment. Sulfur is abundant in the Earth's crust and is essential for proteins and vitamins in organisms. It cycles between the atmosphere, terrestrial environments, and freshwater reservoirs. Human activities like burning fossil fuels and industrial pollution are releasing excess sulfur into the air, causing problems like acid rain which damages ecosystems. Reducing the use of fossil fuels would help limit acid rain and its negative impacts on the environment.
carbon cycle PERIOD 4
The document summarizes the carbon cycle in 3 parts:
1) The natural pathway which involves photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and weathering of rocks cycling carbon between the atmosphere, living things, and soil.
2) The national reservoir of carbon stored in sedimentary rocks in the Earth's crust, oceans, and atmosphere.
3) How the carbon cycle is affected by human activities like burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and different levels of industrialization in less developed and more developed countries.
Nitrogen cycle PERIOD 5
The nitrogen cycle describes the movement of nitrogen through the environment. It involves nitrogen fixation by bacteria, ammonification by decomposers, nitrification by soil bacteria, and denitrification by bacteria in waterlogged soils that converts nitrogen back to its gaseous form. Human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, use of nitrogen fertilizers, and livestock ranching have significantly increased the global nitrogen cycle, causing issues like smog, acid rain, eutrophication, and increased greenhouse gas emissions. While some seek solutions, many nations prioritize food production over environmental impacts.
Monsoon forest PERIOD 5
Monsoon Rainforest is a type of seasonal tropical forest that experiences a long dry season followed by a wet season with heavy rainfall. Key points:
- Located between 10-25 degrees latitude, areas include India, Sri Lanka, Africa, South America.
- Hot and humid all year with high rainfall during wet season that can exceed 2000mm. Soil is poor and leached of nutrients.
- Supports diverse wildlife like birds, deer, elephants, snakes. Tall trees produce large amounts of oxygen through photosynthesis.
- Heavily impacted by human activities like deforestation, pollution, and climate change which disrupt rainfall patterns. Proper precautions needed during monsoon seasons.
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Carbon cycle PERIOD 4
The carbon cycle describes the natural pathways and reservoirs of carbon on Earth. Carbon cycles between the atmosphere, ocean, soil, plants and animals through respiration, photosynthesis, decomposition, and other processes. Humans impact the carbon cycle by burning fossil fuels which releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, and through deforestation which removes carbon-absorbing trees. Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from human activities is altering Earth's climate. Potential solutions include expanding renewable energy, limiting carbon emissions, reducing deforestation, and promoting clean energy technologies.
Deciduous forest PERIOD 5
Temperate deciduous forests are located in areas with moderate rainfall and temperatures around 50 degrees Fahrenheit, including parts of North America, Europe, Russia, China, and Japan. These forests have high biodiversity and various tree species that lose their leaves seasonally. Humans have significantly impacted deciduous forests through deforestation, agriculture, and urbanization, reducing forest coverage to about a third of its original extent. While more developed countries have enacted protections, less developed countries still lack resources to curb deforestation.
Sulfur cycle PERIOD 5
The document discusses the sulfur cycle, including its natural processes and reservoirs. It notes that the largest reservoirs of sulfur are the Earth's crust and oceans. It also describes how humans have significantly impacted the global sulfur cycle through the burning of fossil fuels, which increases the amount of sulfur in the atmosphere and oceans. This leads to issues like acid rain. Humans also release sulfates through activities like coal mining and burning coal without scrubbers.
Hydrolic Cycle PERIOD 4
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Temperate grasslands PERIOD 5
This document provides information about temperate grasslands, including their location, climate, characteristic plants and animals, nutrient and energy flows, primary and secondary succession, human impacts, and conservation efforts. Temperate grasslands are located between 23.5 degrees latitude in North America, South America, Africa, and Eurasia. They experience hot summers and cold winters, with precipitation between 10-35 inches annually. Common plants include clovers, oaks, and blazing stars, while animals include bison, coyotes, prairie dogs, and wolves. Humans have negatively impacted grasslands through overhunting, agriculture, and climate change, but some countries are now establishing protected areas and restoration projects.
Tropical savanna PERIOD 4
Tropical savannas have distinct seasonal patterns of rainfall and temperature. They experience wet summers and dry winters with annual rainfall around 30 inches. Located near the equator, savannas have high biodiversity and nutrient turnover in the soil. A variety of large herbivores and predators live in savanna ecosystems, and have adaptations like stripes, trunks, and camouflage to survive. Grasses and trees in the savanna also have adaptations like deep roots and water storage to endure dry periods. The rapid nutrient cycling and high primary productivity in savannas supports complex food webs and a great abundance of animal life. However, human impacts like poaching, overgrazing, and population growth threaten
Tropical Rainforest PERIOD 5
This document summarizes key aspects of tropical rainforests including their location in regions within 23.5 degrees north and south of the equator, poor nutrient-rich soil, constant high rainfall, and warm climate. It describes the nutrient and energy flows within tropical rainforests and lists some common plant and animal species. The document also discusses productivity, succession, and compares the human impacts on tropical rainforests in more developed countries versus less developed countries.
Temperate grasslands PERIOD 4
Temperate grasslands are located between the Tropics and include prairies, steppes, and pampas. They have hot summers and cold winters with 10-35 inches of annual precipitation. The soil is nutrient-rich due to deep grass roots. Characteristic plants include grasses like needlegrass and foxtail grass that support herbivores like bison and deer, which are preyed on by carnivores like cheetahs and badgers. Humans have converted much of the land to agriculture, damaging the ecosystem, but conservation efforts include restricting development and restoring degraded areas.
Sulfur cycle PERIOD 4
The sulfur cycle describes the movement of sulfur through the environment. Sulfur is abundant in the Earth's crust and is essential for proteins and vitamins in organisms. It cycles between the atmosphere, terrestrial environments, and freshwater reservoirs. Human activities like burning fossil fuels and industrial pollution are releasing excess sulfur into the air, causing problems like acid rain which damages ecosystems. Reducing the use of fossil fuels would help limit acid rain and its negative impacts on the environment.
carbon cycle PERIOD 4
The document summarizes the carbon cycle in 3 parts:
1) The natural pathway which involves photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and weathering of rocks cycling carbon between the atmosphere, living things, and soil.
2) The national reservoir of carbon stored in sedimentary rocks in the Earth's crust, oceans, and atmosphere.
3) How the carbon cycle is affected by human activities like burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and different levels of industrialization in less developed and more developed countries.
Nitrogen cycle PERIOD 5
The nitrogen cycle describes the movement of nitrogen through the environment. It involves nitrogen fixation by bacteria, ammonification by decomposers, nitrification by soil bacteria, and denitrification by bacteria in waterlogged soils that converts nitrogen back to its gaseous form. Human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, use of nitrogen fertilizers, and livestock ranching have significantly increased the global nitrogen cycle, causing issues like smog, acid rain, eutrophication, and increased greenhouse gas emissions. While some seek solutions, many nations prioritize food production over environmental impacts.
Monsoon forest PERIOD 5
Monsoon Rainforest is a type of seasonal tropical forest that experiences a long dry season followed by a wet season with heavy rainfall. Key points:
- Located between 10-25 degrees latitude, areas include India, Sri Lanka, Africa, South America.
- Hot and humid all year with high rainfall during wet season that can exceed 2000mm. Soil is poor and leached of nutrients.
- Supports diverse wildlife like birds, deer, elephants, snakes. Tall trees produce large amounts of oxygen through photosynthesis.
- Heavily impacted by human activities like deforestation, pollution, and climate change which disrupt rainfall patterns. Proper precautions needed during monsoon seasons.
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ALISON IISD
- 1. 447-7492668 Michael McGraw Introduction to Instructional Systems Design 03 September 2016 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)