Algae.tec abid report - 07 mar12

Due Diligence and Valuation Report
Arrowhead Code: 10-01-06

Coverage initiated: 23 Mar 2011

This document: 07 Mar 2012 Company: Algae.Tec Limited
Fair share value bracket: AU$1.15 to AU$2.70i
Ticker: ASX:AEB, OTCBB:ALGXY
Share price on date: AU$0.37ii
Headquarters: Perth, Australia
Analyst Team
Executive Chairman: Mr. Roger Sydney Stroud
Vishal Pasari Rashmi Shah
vishal.pasari@arrowheadbid.com rashmi.shah@arrowheadbid.com Website: www.algaetec.com.au
biofuels facility in China. The JV will be an
Market Data equally funded facility to producing algae
52-Week Range: AU$0.29 to AU$0.63iii derived transport oil and biomass of over
Average Daily Volume: 268,135iv $40MM and capturing 137KT of waste carbon
Market Cap. on date: AU$98.04MM dioxide.
The Company has collaborations with Holcim
Financial Forecast Data (in AU$) Lanka Ltd. to develop its first algae biofuel
16E production plant in Sri Lanka and with Lufthansa
High profit/
(6.7) 25.6 52.7 54.2 55.3 56.5 58.0
(loss) MM bioreactors as a substantial source of aviation
High EPS biofuels.
(2.52) 9.68 19.09 19.61 16.97 17.34 17.79
AU$
Low profit/ In Jan 2012, Algae.Tec raised $5.0MM via
(6.4) 12.9 17.6 18.9 19.5 20.1 20.9
(loss) MM 12.5MM shares at an issue price of 40c/share
Low EPS
(2.43) 4.89 6.37 6.83 5.98 6.16 6.40 through Patersons Securities. In Dec 2011,
AU$ Algae.Tec secured funding support from San
Francisco based La Jolla Cove Investments with
Fiscal Year (FY) 1st July 30th June $6m in convertible notes to be drawn down over
a three-year period.
Summary
In Jan 2012, S&P commenced Factual Stock
Algae.Tec Limited is involved in the production Report coverage on Algae.Tec, upgrading and
of algae to manufacture sustainable fuels such extending the reach and profile of the Company
as biodiesel and green jet fuel. Management has in the USA investor community.
core competencies in biofuel technologies,
energy markets, project commercialization and Algae.Tec tapped into international capital
business management. markets with a public offer and listed on the
Australian Stock Exchange and Frankfurt Stock
Algae.Tec developed the McConchie-Stroud Exchange. On Feb 22nd
System, which cultivates and economically American Depositary Receipts started trading on
harvests high yield algae. The technology the highest tier of the OTC market, OTCQX.
provides competitive advantages in terms of low
capital and operating costs, minimal The global market for algae is poised for
requirement of land, low water evaporation and explosive growth in the next 10 years;; demand
better recycling of water amongst other is expected to reach 61MM gallons/year of bio-
specifics. The company is now building a fuel and a market value of AU$1.3B by 2020
demonstration facility with Manildra to prove representing a CAGR of 72%, roughly on par
commercial viability of the System. with early development in the biodiesel industry.

The company intends to initiate the Arrowhead believes that Algae.Tec has
development and operation of commercial enormous growth potential with a medium risk
facilities in Australia, U.S., Brazil and Southern profile. Based on intrinsic revenue capacity from
Europe predominantly by way of Joint Venture 500 modules, Arrowhead believes that the
(JV). The products will be primarily Biodiesel AU$1.15
and Grade-A Jet Fuel. to AU$2.70 bracket.

In Jan 2012, the company entered into a JV with
Shandong Kerui Group to a 250-module algae

Algae.Tec Limited Arrowhead BID 1 OTCBB: ALGXY;; ASX: AEB
Due Diligence and Valuation Report See important disclosures on page 25 of this report.

Table of Contents

Algae.Tec Presentation .....................................................................................................
3

News .................................................................................................................................
7

Listing Information ...........................................................................................................
9

Contacts ............................................................................................................................
9

Major Shareholders ...........................................................................................................
9

Management and Governance .........................................................................................
10

Assets and Projects .......................................................................................................
11

Technologies and Markets ..............................................................................................
. 14

Project Risk Profile Analysis
............................................................................................
18

Peer Profile .....................................................................................................................
19

Value ..............................................................................................................................
. 22

Analyst Certifications and Important Disclosures............................................................
25

Valuation
.........................................................................................................................
26


Company Presentation
Algae.Tec is an Australian biofuel company focused on commercializing technology that produces algae
to manufacture sustainable fuels such as bio-diesel and green jet fuel. Founded in 2008, Algae.Tec has
conducted scores of laboratory, bench-scale and pilot tests and product trials, assessed competitive
algae technologies, and applied the results to detailed engineering evaluations of commercial plant
operations. These activities have led to the development of unique proprietary technology and know-
how for high efficiency production of microalgae through a novel modular photo-reactor system and
improved algae harvesting and product refinement technologies. The current strategy of continuous
improvement and adherence to quality control in existing markets, are expected to assist in the

ique technology has demonstrated sustained performance, providing step-change
improvements in productivity, product yield, carbon dioxide sequestration, plant footprint requirements
and substantial capital/cost savings versus agricultural crops and other competitive algae processes in
the industry. The company is building a demonstration facility with Manildra to prove its commercial
viability.
The 70,000 sq ft Algae Development & Manufacturing facility in Atlanta, Georgia, is the
algae-to-transport fuel development and manufacturing hub for the USA, Asia and Europe. Currently,
this facility is also being used to build the first full size modules that will be established on the Manildra
site in Nowra, NSW.

remiums
Algae.Tec benefits from a wide range of benefits encompassing a sound business model, advanced
technology and strategic partnerships.
Advantages of Algae: Algae are a group of aquatic estuarine and marine plant organisms, which may
range from microscopic (microalgae) to many meters in length. Largely found in damp places and bodies
of water, approximately 1,000 algae species show the potential for production of biofuels. These
organisms contain chlorophyll and with water, carbon dioxide and sunlight, produce complex carbon
chain molecules such as hydrocarbons and polysaccharides and proteins.
d range anywhere between 45%-
80%, in the form of lipids/oils, carbohydrates, proteins and hydrocarbons.
The advantages of algae, as a source of renewable fuel are noteworthy:
Efficient and fast production cycle;; converts solar energy and carbon dioxide into renewable and
sustainable fuels.
Effectively sequesters atmospheric carbon dioxide, balances greenhouse gas production and reduces
impact of global warming.
Provides environmental solutions for recovery of toxic stack gas pollutants and remediation of
polluted water streams.
Hydrocarbons derived from algae production can be used to produce renewable biofuels for direct
substitution of fossil fuels.
Algae-derived biofuels provide a significant reduction in vehicular exhaust emissions versus standard
fossil fuels.
Algae.Tec requires relatively lesser land to produce the same amount of oil than the land required for
oil production from palm, jatropha, canola, soy, cotton, corn etc.
Algae.Tec provides a long-term sustainable fuel source not derived from food source vegetable oils.
Algae.Tec, due to the nature of its operation, is not subject to significant environment regulations
under both the Commonwealth and state legislation.
Technology: Photosynthesis is a biochemical process, during which algae absorbs light energy from
sunlight and carbon dioxide;; utilizes water and critical nutrients and undergoes multiple step light and


dark phase reactions to biologically produce primarily lipids, carbohydrates and proteins subsequently
generating oxygen. The Algae.Tec system combines closed control of algae production within an
engineered modular environment and efficient downstream bio-fuel processing. The Algae.Tec
production process is described below.

McConchie-Stroud System: Algae.Tec produces high-yield algae growth and harvesting technology
through the McConchie-Stroud System. The McConchie-Stroud System is designed to facilitate algae
cultivation anywhere, including marginal land or industrialized areas. The system also incorporates
scalability, minimal land footprint and water usage. McConchie-Stroud System consists of a modular
reactor in which minute plants, called microalgae are grown and related infrastructure used for
harvesting and refining into algae products.
The company has developed and utilized process simulation models for evaluation of the algae process
and its downstream biofuels, including detailed material and energy balances, process flow diagrams,
unit and equipment design and specifications, plant lay-out and turnkey capital estimates. The
production comprises a series of critical processing steps, including gas treatment, supply systems for
carbon dioxide, light energy and nutrients;; harvesting of biomass and refinement of algae products.
The advantages of the McConchie-Stroud module include:
Reduction of capital and operating costs, due to the possibility of sharing infrastructure as modules
in close proximity can be grouped, relocated and re-used.
Minimal requirement of land, vis-à-vis peers, thereby reducing land leasing and purchase costs.
Reduced water evaporation and better recycling of water, nutrients and heat, and reduced risk of
contamination of algae from external sources.
Strategic Partnerships
On 1st Dec 2011, the company announced that it signed a collaboration contract with Holcim Lanka
Ltd. to build its first bio-fuels production facility in Asia. This is an initiative by Holcim Lanka Ltd. to
reduce its carbon footprint by channeling waste carbon dioxide into algae growth system and
generating valuable biofuel at below market cost. The biofuel production facility to be built by
Algae.Tec is expected to initially comprise a production plant of five photo-bioreactor modules. This
plant is expected to allow Holcim to evaluate the benefits of capturing more of the waste carbon
dioxide in a much larger facility. The success of this installation will allow Holcim Lanka to access the
viability of a bigger facility.
On 21st Dec 2011, the company announced that it has signed a memorandum of understanding with
the Lufthansa Airlines, a European airline
bioreactors to be developed into a substantial source of aviation biofuels.
On 18th Jan 2012, the company entered into a Joint Venture with Shandong Kerui Group to a 250-
module algae biofuels facility in China. It will be an equally funded facility for producing


approximately 33MM liters of algae derived transport oil and 33KT of biomass annually at a
combined value of over US$40MM, and capture 137KT of waste carbon dioxide. The joint venture will
allow Algae.Tec to expand its biofuels facilities throughout China.

Intellectual Property: Algae.Tec, so far, has not obtained a patent in relation to the McConchie-Stroud
System, and there is no certainty that the current patent application in Australia for the McConchie-
Stroud will be granted.
Strategic Partnership: The Company intends to initiate the development and operation of commercial
facilities in several countries, predominantly by way of joint venture with focus on Australia, U.S.A.,
China, Brazil and Southern Europe. The products will primarily be Biodiesel and Grade-A Jet Fuel.
Different countries have different environmental regulations and the company has to find right strategic
partner for success in these countries.
Financing Requirement:
operation and require scaling back expansion and development programs. The company is building a
demonstration facility and it is possible that available funds may not be sufficient to fulfill the business
objective. However, in Dec 2011, Algae.Tec secured funding support from San Francisco based La Jolla
Cove Investments with $6MM in convertible notes to be drawn down over a three-year period. This will
enable the Company to fast-track the Holcim Lanka biofuel project and carbon capture facility and
projects in Europe. Also in Jan 2012, the company comfortably raised AU$5MM through Patersons
Securities by issuing 12.5MM shares at an issue price of 40c/share to sophisticated and professional
investors.
Success of McConchie-Stroud system: The success largely depends on the success of its
technology. Though the company has shown excellent results during its research and development
phase, it still faces the risk of commercialization of algae products from the McConchie-Stroud system.
Apart from the above risks, the company faces the risk of attrition of its key personnel, operational risks,
adverse weather conditions, industrial and environmental accidents, and industrial disputes.
For a detailed risk assessment, please refer to the Risk profile analysis section.

The company intends to initiate the development and operation of commercial facilities in several
countries, predominantly by way of joint venture. The primary focus will be on Australia, U.S., China,
Brazil and Southern Europe. The products will primarily be Biodiesel and Grade-A Jet Fuel. Algae.Tec is
establishing strategic partnerships and alliances with investors, venture partners, customers and

objectives.
Algae.Tec currently has MOUs with:
The Manildra Group for the first Australian plant
Leighton Contractors for engineering and project management expertise
Lufthansa Airlines to jointly evaluate for algae oil from bioreactors to be developed into a
substantial source of aviation biofuels.
Joint Venture (JV) with Shandong Kerui Group to a 250-module algae biofuels facility in China. After
completion of the 250 module plant, the JV will look to secure funding to develop new projects
exceeding 1,000 modules. They also target to engage with CO2 emitters in the Greater China region.

development phase results to detailed engineering evaluations of commercial plant operations. The
development of unique algae technology has led to improvements in productivity, product yield, carbon
dioxide sequestration and substantial capital/cost savings versus agricultural crops and other
competitive algae processes in the industry.


The company is currently in the process of scaling up the technology to the next phase of
commercialization with construction and operation of a demonstration Plant Shoalhaven One for
performance evaluations, product trials and technology marketing. Total developmental capital and
operating costs for Shoalhaven Plant are budgeted at AU$4MM with a scheduled start date in Q1-2012,
and the first commercial plant is projected to launch by the end of 2013. The photo bioreactors will be
demonstration plant. The plant is located at the Manildra
facility situated at Nowra, south of Sydney. The Manildra Group is the largest ethanol producer in
Australia.
The key milestones in the Demonstration Plant are as follows:
Period Milestone
Mar 2011 Manufacturing plant operational in Atlanta
Apr-Aug 2011 Module fabrication in Atlanta
Aug 2011 Construction of Nowra commences
October 2011 Shipment of Modules from Atlanta
2012 Q1 Start-up of Demonstration facility

The initial two commercial facilities will be deployed in China and
Australia. Considering the rising demand for biomass in India, the company is equally inclined towards
venturing in India. There are also worldwide efforts to lower carbon emissions to which algae oil and
biomass act as a healthy substitute.


News
Algae.Tec Joins OTCQX: On February 22, 2011, the company announced that its American
Depositary Receipts (ADRs) will be traded on the highest tier of the OTC market, OTCQX. Algae.Tec
began trading today on the OTC market's prestigious tier, OTCQX International. Investors can find
current financial disclosure and Real-Time Level 2 quotes for the Company on
www.otcmarkets.com. INTL Trading, Inc. will serve as Algae.Tec's Principal American Liaison
("PAL") on OTCQX, responsible for providing guidance on OTCQX requirements
Algae.Tec Announces Standard and Poor s (S&P) Research Upgrade: On January 30, 2011,
the company announced that Standard and Poors, in conjunction with the Company, upgraded the
status of Algae.Tec's American Depository Receipt program (ADR), the USA share trading platform.
S&P has commenced Factual Stock Report coverage on Algae.Tec providing financial data and
analysis to key USA brokers, dramatically upgrading and extending the reach and profile of the
Company in the USA investor community.
Algae.Tec Completes AU$5MM of Capital Raising: On January 22, 2011, the company
announced that the AU$5MM Placement through Patersons Securities has been successfully
completed. The capital raising will be used to fast-track commercial projects the Company recently
announced in China, Sri Lanka and Europe.
Algae.Tec forms joint venture with Shandong Kerui Group: On January 18, 2011, the
company signed a binding memorandum of understanding for a 50:50 joint venture with Shandong
Kerui Group Holding Limited. Shandong Kerui is a China-based company engaged in the
manufacturing of oilfield and petroleum industry equipment.
The joint venture will build 250-module algae biofuels facility in China, in which both the partners
will pay half to cover costs. The equally funded facility will be built in Dongying, in Shandong
Province, and produce approximately 33MM liters of algae derived transport oil and approximately
33KT of biomass annually at a combined value of over US$40MM, and capture 137KT of waste
carbon dioxide. The joint venture will allow Algae.Tec to expand its biofuels facilities throughout
China.
Algae.Tec Announces AU$5MM Capital Raising: On January 18, 2011, the company announced
that it mandated Patersons Securities to raise AU$5MM via the issue of 12.5MM shares at an issue
price of 40c/share to sophisticated and professional investors. In conjunction with the shares, the
company will also issue attaching options on the basis of one option for every two placement shares
subscribed. The options will be American options with an exercise price of 75c and a maturity date
at 31 January 2014. This capital raising via a placement will marginally increase the company's
shareholder base by 4.7% and will be utilized to fund the fast tracking of the commercial projects
recently announced.
Algae Tec Ltd Announces Conversion of La Jolla Convertible Note: On January 11, 2011, the
company announced the issuance of 271,223 fully paid ordinary shares at AU$0.3687 each. The
shares were issued to La Jolla Cove Subscribers Inc in relation to conversion of AU$100K of the La
Jolla Convertible Note.
Algae.Tec Expands USA Commercial Production Facility for Asia and EU projects: On
January 10, 2011, the company announced the expansion of its algae development &
manufacturing centre in Atlanta, Georgia to accommodate commercial production programs. The
Atlanta facility increased fourfold from 18,000 sq ft to 70,000 sq ft to scale up production capability
-to- transport
fuel development and manufacturing hub for the USA, Asia and Europe.
Change of Registered Office: On January 10, 2011, the company announced that it changed it


Notice of General Meeting/Proxy Form: On December 22, 2011, the company announced that
General meeting of shareholders will be held at 10:00am on 30th January 2012 at ground floor, 516
Hay Subiaco, WA 6008.
Algae.Tec and Lufthansa Sign MOU: On December 21, 2011, the company announced it signed a
Memorandum of Understanding with Lufthansa Airlines to jointly evaluate for algae oil from
bioreactors to be developed into a substantial source of aviation biofuels.
Issue of 2,146,223 fully paid ordinary shares: On December 15, 2011, the company
announced that it will issue fully paid ordinary shares to:
o 1,324,086 shares at 39.65c: issued to Empire equity limited in relation to services in arranging

o 535,845 shares at 36.95c: issued to Empire equity limited for services in arranging the $
3,000,000 convertible note dated 12/12/2011 between company and La Jolla Cove Subscribers
Inc
o 286,292 shares at 29.69: issued to La Jolla Cove Subscribers Inc in relation to conversion of
$85,000 of the La Jolla Convertible Note.
$3,000,000 shares issued to La Jolla Cove Subscribers Inc: On December 13, 2011, the
company announced that it will issue fully paid ordinary shares on conversion of a convertible note
in the capital of the company valuing up to $3,000,000 and issued to La Jolla Cove Subscribers Inc
under private placement to be on-sold to retail investors
Algae.Tec to receive $6m in funding from La Jolla Cove: On December 08, 2011, the company
announced that it received funding support from San Francisco based La Jolla Cove Investments
with $6m in convertible notes to be drawn down over a three-year period. The funding will allow
Algae.Tec to fast-track a number of strategic projects in Asia such as the Holcim Lanka biofuels and
carbon capture facility;; projects in Europe;; and one global deal in particular.
Algae production plant in Shoalhaven on track: On December 07, 2011, the company
announced that the work is on schedule for the Mar 2012 opening of the algae production plant in
the Shoalhaven. The algae bio-fuel plant will capture the carbon dioxide emissions from the
Manildra plant in Nowra and use it to grow algae. The algae can then be used a number of different
ways as a biofuel.
Holcim Lanka and Algae.Tec launch first biofuels production facility in Asia: On December
01, 2011, the company announced that it signed a collaboration contract with Holcim Lanka to build
its first algae biofuels production facility in Asia. Algae.Tec offers a compelling carbon capture
solution for carbon emitting companies and industries seeking carbon dioxide reduction
technologies. Holcim Lanka was attracted to the Algae.Tec solution as a way of reducing its carbon
footprint by channeling waste carbon dioxide into the algae growth system, and generating valuable
biofuel at below market cost. The biofuels production facility will initially comprise a production
plant of five photo-bioreactor modules for evaluation purposes before potentially upgrading to a
much larger facility. This plant will allow Holcim to evaluate the benefits of capturing more of the
waste carbon dioxide in a much larger facility. It is expected that the Algae.Tec technology could be
rolled out at other sites.
First Algae.Tec module shipped from USA to Australian production facility: On November
24, 2011, the company announced that the first photo-bioreactor module has been shipped from
the Algae Development & Manufacturing Centre in Atlanta, Georgia, for Australia. The shipment is
one of five that will be delivered over the next few weeks for the Shoalhaven One Australian
showcase facility at Nowra, South of Sydney, which has recently been granted permitting approval.
The Algae.Tec enclosed modular technology captures carbon dioxide waste from power stations and
manufacturing facilities, which feeds into the algae growth system. The enclosed modular system is
designed to deliver the highest yield of algae per hectare, and solves the problem of food-producing
land being turned over for biofuel production. The company aims for biofuel production at
Shoalhaven One in early 2012.


Algae.Tec bioreactors receive approval for Australian facility: On October 18, 2011, the
company announced that its demonstration plant, Shoalhaven One, received development approval
under the Shoalhaven City Council Environment Planning and Assessment Act. The plant will be
used to capture carbon dioxide waste from power stations and manufacturing facilities, feeding the
pollution into the algae growth system. The permit is effective immediately, and after three years,
Algae.Tec will have the option of expansion. Shoalhaven One will be sited next to the Manildra

meetings in China and Germany: On July 18, 2011, the
company announced that its management returned from customer and site meetings in China and

sustainable fuels such as biodiesel and green jet fuel.
Algae.Tec technology uptake due to Australian price on carbon: On July 14, 2011, the
company indicated that the introduction of a price on carbon by the Australian Government in its
Clean Energy Future (CEF) package would accelerate uptake of the Algae.Tec technology by carbon
dioxide emitting industries. The Algae.Tec enclosed modular technology captures carbon dioxide
pollution from power stations and manufacturing facilities, which feeds into the algae growth
system.
On July 08, 2011,
the company announced that it
producer, the Manildra Group, to construct a demonstration-scale algae production facility in Nowra,
NSW and the project could be operational by the first quarter of 2012. The company announced
that Manildra is making several contributions to the project, including access to land and utilities.

regulations are met. The company intends to convert a percentage of the algae produced at the

algae feedstock will be converted into jet fuel and used for testing purposes in aircraft engines.

Listing Information
Algae.Tec was listed on the Australian Stock Exchange on 13-Jan-2011 and was listed on Frankfurt
Stock Exchange on 21-Feb-
on the USA OTC market on 28-Apr-2011.

Contacts
Registered office Ground floor, 516 Hay, Subiaco, WA 6008
Postal address PO box 2146, Subiaco, WA 6904
Telephone +61 (08) 9380 6790
Facsimilie +61 (08) 9381 9161
E-mail phatfull@algaetec.com.au

Major Shareholdersv
Equity Holder No. of Shares Held (MM) Percentage Holding
Teco. Bio 200.00 75.48%
Mr. Peter Ernest Hatfull 9.66 3.64%
FMR Investments Pty Ltd 5.00 1.89%
Mcconchie Jeanette 2.40 0.91%
Morrison Timothy 2.00 0.75%
Tinkler Investments 1.61 0.61%
Lawsons Company Pty Ltd 1.30 0.49%
Chung Joseph 1.25 0.47%
Hover Holdings Pty Ltd 1.25 0.47%


Management and Governance
The management team at Algae.Tec comprises experienced professional with a proven track record.

Mr. Roger Sydney Stroud Executive Chairman
Mr. Roger S. Stroud has over 35 years experience in a variety of industries. He spent over 10 years in
finance in a number of areas including credit, money market and investment banking for CitiNational
(Citibank/National Mutual) merchant bank, predominantly in Sydney.
Following the above, he floated a mining company, while undertaking the role of Managing Director for
eight years. In the late 1990s, Roger began the process of building businesses in the renewable fuel
sector, primarily biodiesel. This included floating two separate biodiesel companies. One of these
companies, Natural Fuel Ltd went into voluntary administration in Apr 2009. Roger was a director of
Natural Fuel Ltd. until October 2007. He is a founding director and 50% shareholder of Teco.Bio LLC, and
is based in Perth, WA.

Mr. Garnet Earl McConchie Executive Director
Mr. Garnet Earl has over 35 years experience over a broad field of chemistry and associated
technologies, including global markets, bulk chemicals and plastics, differentiated commodities and
intermediates, specialty chemicals, polymers and interaction with environmental sectors.

engineering in the United States, Europe (especially Germany, Holland, Switzerland, UK and CIS), Latin
America (Brazil, Argentina and Mexico) and Asia (Korea, China and Australia). He served as Global
Director for chemicals and plastics in the latter part of his employment with Dow Chemical Company.
Earl has over 10 years of specific technical and business experience in the biodiesel and glycerine
industry sectors. He is a founding director and controlling shareholder of Teco.Bio LLC, and is based in
Atlanta, Georgia where he has coordinated the microalgae development.

Mr. Peter Ernest Hatfull Managing Director & Company Secretary
Mr. Peter Ernest has over 30 years experience in a range of senior executive positions with Australian
and International companies. He has an extensive skill-set in the areas of business optimization, capital
raising and company restructuring.
He was recently Managing Director of a leading integrated metal recycling and contracting company,
CMA Corporation Ltd, based in Sydney, where he managed a period of dramatic growth and increased
profitability. Prior to this appointment, he held senior financial and Board positions in Australia, Africa
and the UK. He has experience in turnaround and slow growth situations, where companies have
struggled to expand their business. This has required revitalizing the business plan, attracting investor
funding, and implementing profitable strategies. Peter is currently a director of Teco Pty Ltd, Kresta
Holdings Ltd, Barminco Pty Ltd and is based in Perth, WA.

Mr. Timothy Morrison Non-Executive Director
Mr. Timothy is the current Director of Research and Development at Murdoch University. Tim represents
the University on the Board of a number of companies engaged in the commercialization of University IP.
Mr. Morrison plays a role with a number of early stage clean tech companies supporting these groups to
raise early stage capital and structure merger and acquisition transactions. Through his engagement on
an Australia-based private equity investment fund, Mr. Morrison plays a role in reviewing and investing
in businesses seeking early stage venture finance.
Prior to his current position, he was General Manager of MurdochLink Pty Ltd, the commercial arm of
Murdoch University, which is the dedicated provider of quality research consultancy services to the
professions, industry and government.


McConchie-Stroud System. System is designed
Assets and Projectsvi vii viii ix to cultivate algae virtually anywhere, including
marginal land or industrialized areas. The
Overview system is designed for scalability and minimal
Algae.Tec is focused on commercializing land footprint and water usage.
technology that produces algae at a very fast primary focus has been directed towards
rate, to manufacture sustainable algae oil microalgae as the most efficient photosynthesis
(which is further used to produce vegetable oil, species for bio-fuels production.
biodiesel and refined glycerine), biomass (used Algae Products End-Use Markets
to produce animal protein feed, bio-ethanol and
Lipids/Oils Algae oil substitution of vegetable
renewable distillates) and other nutrients such oil feedstocks (e.g. soybean oil,
as fatty acids. The company intends to initiate palm oil) for biodiesel industry
the development and operation of commercial Refined glycerine produced via
facilities in several countries, predominantly by algae-biodiesel production
way of Joint Ventures with focus on Biodiesel Specialty oils and fatty acids.
and Grade-A Jet Fuel. The company is building a
Carbohydrates Substitution of agricultural sourced
demonstration facility with Manildra to prove its feedstocks for conversion of
commercial viability. carbohydrates (sugars) to bio-
ethanol
The Algae Development & Manufacturing Centre
Production of bio-based polyolefin
in Atlanta has expanded from 18,200 sq ft to plastics.
70,000 sq ft in order to accommodate
commercial production programs. The facility Proteins High protein content algae biomass
for the animal food market
will be -to-transport fuel
development and manufacturing hub for the Hydrocarbons Production of renewable distillates
USA, Asia and Europe. via gasification for substitution of
diesel fuels.
In Nov 2011, the company shipped the first Biomass Feedstock source for biomass
module from the Algae Development and power generation with Substitution
Manufacturing Centre in Atlanta, Georgia in the of fossil fuels
United States and is headed for Australian Conversion of residual biomass
shores development facility. The shipment is following oil extraction to
one of five that will be delivered over the next renewable distillates.
few weeks for the Shoalhaven One Australian Biomass nutrients suitable for use
in agricultural fertilizers
showcase facility at Nowra, South of Sydney,
which has recently been granted permitting Vegetable Oil
approval. The company also announced that the
work for the algae production plant in Microalgae such as higher plants produce
Shoalhaven is on schedule and the company storage lipids in the form of triacyglycerols.
aims for biofuel production at Shoalhaven One Comparatively, algae produce more oil than any
in early 2012. other oilseeds which are currently in use. Many
Algae Oil Vegetable Oil Market
microalgae species can be induced to
Biodiesel Biodiesel Market
accumulate substantial quantities of lipids, often
Algae Oil greater than 60% of their biomass.
Refined
Glycerine Market
Glycerine
The table below presents indicative oil yields
from various oilseeds and algae.
CO2 Animal
Animal Feed Market
Nutrients
Protein Feed
Yields (Gallons of oil per acre per year)
Algae Ethanol Market
Biomass
Water
Production Bio-Ethanol
Corn 18
Renewable
Chemicals Distillates
Diesel Fuel Market Soybeans 48
Safflower 83
Sunflower 102
Fatty Acids Fatty Acid Market
Rapeseed 127
Jatropha 254
The company produces high-yield algae growth Oil Palm 635
and harvesting technology through the Micro Algae 5,000-15,000


Depending on the geographic region, the fatty acids is related to the growth in vegetable
125Mtpa vegetable oil market (primarily, palm, oils and economy of the region.
soybean and rapeseed oils), representing The current fatty acid prices range from 60% to
AU$110B is growing between 3% and 5%. 80% of the vegetable oil prices, which is greater
than AU$800/T on an average.
Approximately 80% of the vegetable oil demand
is for the food market, and consumer products Biodiesel
and feedstock for biodiesel production account
Most research into efficient algal-oil production
for approximately 25Mtpa of the total demand.
predicts that biodiesel may be the only viable
Vegetable oil prices have historically followed method to produce enough automotive fuel to
agricultural supply/demand balances, population replace current world diesel usage. Continuous
growth and standard of living;; however, crude biodiesel production would get less expensive,
oil pricing has also significantly influenced more competitive and become more
vegetable oil prices. Soybean and palm oil prices consumers friendly. Current biodiesel
(see chart below) have escalated approximately consumption represents approximately 1% of
14% per year over the past five years and the the total vehicular diesel fuel demand globally at
trend continues. x xi 12.5B liters per year. Europe is by far the
Palm and Soyabean Oil Prices (US$/MT) largest biodiesel market (approximately 80% of
the global market), followed by the U.S.A.
Palm and Soyabean Oil Prices (US$/MT) (approximately 15% of the global market).
1600
1400
Biodiesel is registered and used as a direct
1200 diesel fuel substitute and fuel additive, which is
1000 most often marketed in blends of 5%-20%.
800 Biodiesel provides important environmental
600 advantages, e.g., carbon dioxide sequestration,
400 significantly reduced toxic exhaust emissions,
200
0 transportation fuel. There are more than 500
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
biodiesel manufacturing plants worldwide with a
Soybean Oil Palm oil
total in-place production capacity of 37B liters
Source: www.indexmundi.com per year.
Fatty Acid The price of biodiesel is primarily driven by the
following factors:
Another very useful form of algae is fatty acid.
Fatty acid is a viscous, gum-like substance, The crude oil-derived diesel market
derived from algae. It is also a very important The level of government subsidy and,
ingredient in the manufacturing of papers and The price of biodiesel feedstock.
textiles. As it possesses most of the properties
of gum, it is also used in the water-proofing and
fire-proofing industry. Gasoline & Diesel Price Movements

It is especially helpful in making fabrics that are Gasoline & Diesel Price Movements

fire and water resistant. In the pharmaceutical 5
4.5
industry, it is used in the manufacture of 4
Gaviscon, Asilone, Bisodol etc. It is used as a 3.5
mould-making material in life casting, 3

prosthetics and dentistry. Like most of the forms 2.5
2
or products of algae, alginic acid is used 1.5
extensively in the food processing industry as an 1
ingredient of soups and jellies. 0.5
0
The world production of fatty acids from the
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Diesel Gasoline
hydrolysis of natural fats and oils aggregates to
Source: Energy Information Administration
approximately 5Mtpa, which represents an
AU$3B per year market. The consumption of


Crude Oil Prices is approximately AU$900MM per year at
AU$750/T.
Biomass
Algae biomass may be used directly or after oil
extraction for a number of major applications
such as animal protein feedstock, agricultural
fertilizer, biomass power generation, and further
biomass conversion to ethanol via fermentation
or to middle distillates via gasification and
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Biomass after
extracting oil contains about 40% to 60%
carbon content dependent on the algae species
and operating conditions in the form of
Source: Energy Information Administration

carbohydrates, proteins and hydrocarbons.
Jet Fuel The animal feed market is an 180Mtpa market
The company intends to initiate the (AU$80B per year). The primary source for
development and operation of commercial animal protein feed in the U.S. is high protein
facilities with primarily focus on Biodiesel and soybean meal, currently priced at approximately
Grade-A Jet Fuel. By 2015, we expect AU$347/T. The residual algae biomass with high
production capacity of bio-diesel based Jet-Fuel carbohydrate and protein contents offers a
to reach 900 MGY. direct substitute for agricultural-based protein
sources.
Airlines, which burn some 25 BGY of fuel, have
won regulatory approval for bio-fuel that meets Ethanol
standards set by the benchmarking group ASTM Ethanol from algae is produced by converting
International. On July 2011, Lufthansa became starch (the storage component) and cellulose
the first airline in the world to use a bio-fuel mix (the cell wall component). Lipids in algae are
on scheduled services. The carrier used a 50:50 converted into biodiesel, while the
mix between jet fuel and biosynthetic fuel carbohydrates are converted to ethanol. Algae
sources from jatropha, camelina plants and are the optimal source for second generation
animal fats made by Neste Oil and was used bio-ethanol due to the fact that they are high in
without any modifications to aircraft or its carbohydrates/polysaccharides and thin cellulose
engines. walls.
In 2010, companies like Choren, Rentech, and The total global bio-ethanol consumption is
Solena Group had announced commercial approximately 70B liters (55Mtpa) and
projects that could result in hundreds of millions represents an AU$35B biofuel market per year.
of gallons per year of production capacity Bio-ethanol demand is set to double over the
coming online by 2014. There are a number of next 20 years. Ethanol prices correlate highly
commercial hydroprocesing plants being built, with ex-rack gasoline with current prices at
most notably by Neste Oil and ConocoPhilips. AU$650/T.
Glycerinexii
Glycerine is a by-product in the process of
producing biodiesel for pharmaceutical and
consumer products industries. From every 1 MT
of biodiesel 0.1 MT of glycerine is produced.
Crude glycerine (80% content) is typically
upgraded to refined glycerine (99.5 %+) for
food, pharmaceutical and consumer product
applications. The worldwide demand for
glycerine is over 1 Mtpa and continues to grow
at 5% per annum. The current glycerine market


Blue-Green Algae They are found in
Technologies and Markets xiii freshwater and marine environment habitats
and play an important role in fixing nitrogen
from the atmosphere.
Algae
Golden Algae Golden algae primarily exists
Chemistry and Properties
in freshwater systems. They are very similar
Algae are a group of aquatic estuarine and to diatoms but have more complex pigment
marine plant organisms, which may range from systems.
microscopic (microalgae) to many meters in
length. They range from small single celled Algae as Energy Sources
organisms to multi-cellular organism, some with Shooting prices of oil, increase in consumption
fairly complex and differentiated form. Algae are of fossil fuel, advances in technology and
usually found in damp places and bodies of g have
water and thus are common in terrestrial as well attracted demand for algae as a potentially rich
as aquatic environment. There are more than source of sustainable biofuels. Algae are very
30,000 fresh water and salt water species of beneficial as a renewable fuel resource because
algae. Approximately 1,000 algae species show of the following advantages:
the potential for production of biofuels.
It has one of the most efficient and fastest
Microalgae production cycles, which converts solar
energy and carbon dioxide into renewable
Studies shows that algae species which are and sustainable fuels.
primarily unicellular or diatom microalgae has a
potential of biofuels, meeting the general It is an environment friendly source of
requirement for algae production. These species producing energy. It efficiently sequesters
are useful in producing: atmospheric carbon dioxide, favorably
balances greenhouse gas production and
Carbohydrate (sugar) compositions most reduces the long-term impact of global
suitable for ethanol production, or warming. Also, it provides environmental
Lipid (fats/oils) compositions which are solutions for recovery of toxic stackgas
suitable for production of biodiesel, or pollutants and remediation of polluted water
Hydrocarbon compositions suitable for streams.
production of renewable distillates. The production of oil per land mass is
These are the most primitive form of plants;; greater than any terrestrial crop and can be
however the mechanism of photosynthesis is cultivated virtually anywhere.
similar to that of higher plants. Due to simple Also, the hydrocarbons derived from algae
cellular structure and growth in aqueous production can be used to produce
environment with more efficient access to water, renewable biofuels for direct substitution of
carbon dioxide and nutrients, microalgae are far fossil fuels.
more efficient converters of solar energy.
Biologists have categorized algae into a variety Global Algae Market Opportunities
of classes on the basis of pigmentation, life cycle The global market for Algae is poised for
and basic cellular structure. The most abundant explosive growth in the next 10 years reaching
types/families of microalgae include: 61MM gallons per year and a market value of
Green Algae They generally exhibit high AU$1.3B by 2020, representing a CAGR of 72%,
growth rates and are considered as the roughly on par with early development in the
evolutionary progenitors of modern plants. biodiesel industry. Algal bio-fuels have matured
Carbohydrates and natural oils (lipids) are significantly in the last few years, moving from
the main storage compounds for green small research labs, to pilot projects, to small
algae. scale demonstration projects, and now to first-
stage pre-commercial trials for CO2 capture in a
Diatom Algae Found in oceans, they are handful of projects.
rich in silica in the cell walls and store
carbon primarily in the form of natural oils Globally, the United States is poised to ramp up
or carbohydrates. production the earliest amongst world markets,


with 50% of all algae activity. The European goes into fuel, but 40% of the profits come from
Union (EU) market, accounting for about 30% of petrochemicals. The world bio-fuels market is
algae activity, will be limited initially by the expected to grow at a CAGR of 12%+ until
2017. Despite an economic downturn,
by insufficient access to water, land, and environmental concerns and volatile crude oil
nutrient sources. It is believed that United prices continue to drive the algae bio-fuel
States and Europe cannot grow enough corn, industry. The expected commercial timeline of
soy, or rapeseed to meet there bio-fuel targets. Algal Bio-fuels is shown in the chart:
Latin America and Asia Pacific, which have fewer

projects in operation today, are set to gain
significant market share in the long run.
Ultimately, algae potential is greatest in regions
where there is an abundance of land, water, and
sunlight. Secondary considerations include
favorable regulations around biofuels mandates,
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, wastewater
treatment, and livestock operation, as well as
potential co-location opportunities (wastewater
remediation and carbon recycling). Algae is
becoming one of the most promising sources of
biodiesel as it is biodegradable and can be
produced using ocean and waste water without Source: Algae 2020, Emerging Markets Online Consulting Services,
Biofuel Digest
depleting fresh water resources.

The industry believes that the algae-based
biofuels market will be characterized by regional Technology
collaborations and partnerships that are able to
capitalize on efficiencies through expertise The company uses McConchie-Stroud technology
related to unique environmental conditions, co- system to produce algae-based biofuel.
location opportunities, and access to end Currently, the company is pursuing the
markets. This horizontal organization will result commercialization of this technology for algae
in significant consolidation within the market production and processing system.
over the next decade. McConchie-Stroud System has achieved
Algae are attracting increased investments and exceptional algae productivity and yields of algal
interests from bio-fuel, petroleum and products during the research and development
agribusiness industries. Driven by escalating phase due to the following:
global climate change concerns and the rising Innovative Light System: Contains a novel
cost of petroleum-based energy, companies and lighting system for optimal provision of light for
government entities are developing the use of growth of algae.
bio-fuels derived from algae to reduce carbon Modular Reactor: Enables growth of algae to be
emissions from power plants and generate easily controlled and optimized.
renewable transportation fuels. Controlled Environment: Enables a nutrient rich
Using an intricate process of photosynthetic, atmosphere for better algae growth.
companies have developed biodiesel and ethanol Algae are micro organisms that contain
from algae that, given optimal conditions, can chlorophyll, and with water, carbon dioxide and
double its volume overnight. Up to 50% of an sunlight, they produce complex carbon chain
alga's body weight is comprised of oil, whereas molecules such as hydrocarbons and
oil-palm trees - currently the largest producer of polysaccharides and proteins. The composition
oil to make bio-fuels - yield just about 20% of of algae product is dependent on the specific
their weight in oil. species utilized and the photo-synthesis
Algae command dominating position in operating conditions employed. Algae products
renewable chemicals as algae is the only contain 45%-80% of carbon content in the form
renewable feedstock which can scale realistically of lipids/oils, carbohydrates, proteins and
to compete with petroleum. 90% of crude oil hydrocarbons.


Algae Production process and its downstream bio-fuels, including
detailed material and energy balances, process
Algae production comprises a series of critical
flow diagrams, unit and equipment design and
processing steps, including supply systems for
specifications, plant lay-out and turnkey capital
carbon dioxide, light energy and nutrients,
estimates. Based on the development phase
harvesting of biomass and refinement of algae
results, engineering design and process
products.
simulation modeling, material and energy
The company developed and utilized process balance data are presented in the process flow
simulation models for evaluation of the algae diagram for a typical algae plant.

Make-up Seed Algae
Water Supply
Algae Unit CO2 Nutrients & Water

Recycle Water
Nutrients Nutrient System

Off-Gas
Chemicals Alkalinity System
Vents Algae Oil

Modular Photo- Chemicals
Light Energy Product Refinement Fatty Acids
Reactors

Algae-Water
Dilute
Algae-Water Biomass
Stackgas Gas Treatment

Harvesting &
Additives Separation Biomass Losses
Recycle Water

Conversion Energy Process Areas

The entire process of algae production and processing is described in following table:

Process Steps Process Description Key Unit Operations

Utilization of high CO2 content (8-15% volume) Stackgas Pre-Treatment
stackgas from fossil fuel power plants, biomass etc.
Water Recycle
Gas Treatment Preparation of stackgas for photo-reactors, including
Gas Distribution Network
water removal, temperature control, compression and
gas distribution. Recovery of Module Off-Gas

Solar Collection
Light Energy Solar energy in the form of visible light absorbs and
Visible Light Filtration & Distribution
Supply converts CO2 to produce algae.
Energy Recovery/Storage

Preparation units for water supply, nutrient package, Water Supply (fresh, marine and/or
alkalinity control and make-up algae. wastewater)
Raw Material
Alkalinity Control
Systems Nutrients, Nitrogen and Phosphorus are formulated via Nutrient Preparation Unit
addition of industrial fertilizers. Make-up Algae Control System
Modular Photo- Photosynthesis bio-reactor system controls the overall Modular Photo-Reactors


Algae.tec abid report - 07 mar12

Algae.tec abid report - 07 mar12

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