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![and final section describes the Mission Dolores Indians and the San Francisco
Peninsula landscape during the early and mid1840s”.
This was a “ partial emancipation policy” that first only included the Monterey
district. However, it was extended to other districts in 1828, but did not include Mission
San Rafael or Mission San Francisco Solano on the Northern frontier ( Bancroft
1886:III:102).
Sonali Patangay 11/24/15 Week 9 Journal (2) 1833 Secularization Act specifics
and effects on local jurisdiction and laws and Regulations of 1834
http://www.nps.gov/goga/learn/historyculture/upload/Chapter8.pdf
“On July 2, 1833 southern Mission Prefect Narciso Duran wrote Figueroa with regard to
the difference of life quality of the Indians who were living at the missions and those
who were emancipated and living in the pueblo of Los Angeles: I have seen with the
greatest amazement that [the Indians who dwell in the pueblo of Los Angeles] . . . live
far more wretched and oppressed than those in the missions. There is not one who has
a garden of his own, or a yoke of oxen, a horse, or a house fit for a rational being. The
equality with the white people, which is preached to them, consists in this, that these
Indians are subject to a white comisionado, and are the only ones who do the menial
work . . . All in reality are slaves, or servants of white men who know well the manner of
securing their services by binding them a whole year for an advanced trifle . . . The
benevolent ideas of the Government will never be realized, because the Indian evinces
no other ambition than to possess a little more savage license, even though it involved a
thousand oppressions of servitude (Duran [1833] in Geary 1934:137)”.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/31c03841-96d5-4684-be0d-24d90cab4ca2-160818172837/85/AlamitosBay-Group1-27-320.jpg)
![An explosion occurred during the night of March 13, shortly after midnight.
The damage is estimated at about $800.00
http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgibin/cdnc?a=d&d=LAH19070314.2.133&e=en201txttxINBi
xby+Becomes+Head+of+a+Big+Corporation1
Ignacio 12/07/15 Popular Media ( ARTICLE # 2 )
AES Corp. seeking approval for Alamitos Energy Center in east Long Beach
Source: SyndGate Media Inc
Energy Monitor Worldwide 12 May 2014
Power company AES Corp. anticipates its plans to build a replacement power plant in east
Long Beach will require a twoyear review process before the construction itself expected
to take more than a decade can begin.
"AES Corp. seeking approval for Alamitos Energy Center in east Long Beach." Energy
Monitor Worldwide [Amman, Jordan] 12 May 2014. General OneFile. Web. 7 Dec. 2015.
http://libproxy.csun.edu/login?url=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA377008043
&v=2.1&u=csunorthridge&it=r&p=&sw=w&asid=5de34e557483764a6895b1b1fde17fd5
Ignacio 12/07/15 Popular Media ( ARTICLE # 3 )
Source: Energy Monitor Worldwide (Amman, Jordan). (May 12, 2014)
SNL Energy Power Daily (14 March 2014)
AES Corp. subsidiary AES Southland plans to build four 3on1 combinedcycle gasturbine
power blocks consisting of 12 gasfired combustionturbine generators, 12 heat recovery
steam generators, four steam turbine generators, four aircooled condensers, and related
ancillary equipment.
AES Corp. seeking approval for Alamitos Energy Center in east Long Beach." Energy Monitor
Worldwide [Amman, Jordan] 12 May 2014. General OneFile. Web. 7 Dec. 2015.
URL
http://libproxy.csun.edu/login?url=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA377008043
&v=2.1&u=csunorthridge&it=r&p=&sw=w&asid=5de34e557483764a6895b1b1fde17fd5](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/31c03841-96d5-4684-be0d-24d90cab4ca2-160818172837/85/AlamitosBay-Group1-87-320.jpg)
![We find the Commission’s approval of the exchange not supported by the evidence. Therefore,
we reverse the trial court’s judgment and grant Earth Corps’s petition for writ of mandate.
31 1833 Secularization Act
http://www.nps.gov/goga/learn/historyculture/upload/Chapter8.pdf
“This chapter on the secularization and Rancho Era contains sections with a wide central
California perspective and sections with a narrow San Francisco Peninsula perspective. The
initial section follows the mission secularization process whereby Mission Indians lost legal title
to their lands and became a servant class within the Hispanic community. The second section
describes land grants received by Indian people in the San Francisco and Monterey Bay Areas.
The third section examines various themes pertinent to the San Francisco Bay Area and the
larger central California area. The fourth section documents secularization at Mission Dolores
and the family groups of the San Francisco Peninsula Indian community up to 1840. The fifth
and final section describes the Mission Dolores Indians and the San Francisco Peninsula
landscape during the early and mid1840s”.
This was a “partial emancipation policy” that first only included the
Monterey district. However, it was extended to other districts in 1828, but did not include
Mission San Rafael or Mission San Francisco Solano on the Northern frontier (Bancroft
1886:III:102).
32. 1833 Secularization Act specifics and effects on local jurisdiction and laws and Regulations
of 1834
http://www.nps.gov/goga/learn/historyculture/upload/Chapter8.pdf
“On July 2, 1833 southern Mission Prefect Narciso Duran wrote Figueroa with regard to the
difference of life quality of the Indians who were living at the missions and those who were
emancipated and living in the pueblo of Los Angeles: I have seen with the greatest amazement
that [the Indians who dwell in the pueblo of Los Angeles] . . . live far more wretched and
oppressed than those in the missions. There is not one who has a garden of his own, or a yoke of
oxen, a horse, or a house fit for a rational being. The equality with the white people, which is
preached to them, consists in this, that these Indians are subject to a white comisionado, and are
the only ones who do the menial work . . . All in reality are slaves, or servants of white men who
know well the manner of securing their services by binding them a whole year for an advanced
trifle . . . The benevolent ideas of the Government will never be realized, because the Indian
evinces no other ambition than to possess a little more savage license, even though it involved a
thousand oppressions of servitude (Duran [1833] in Geary 1934:137)”.
33.
https://books.google.com/books?id=rCy634h9_oYC&pg=PA8&lpg=PA8&dq=1884+willmore+c
ity+becomes+long+beach&source=bl&ots=0VP5GIUkFh&sig=3MVkKmdIpSK5Iz7eYfE2aLdl](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/31c03841-96d5-4684-be0d-24d90cab4ca2-160818172837/85/AlamitosBay-Group1-101-320.jpg)
AlamitosBay--Group1
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- 33. https://books.google.com/books?id=e1ouAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=t he+straightening+of+the+san+gabriel+river&source=bl&ots=ZhILpHHv97&sig=Bj 1Qau7nhiMGQ1vXWGOyB1VtEKU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAGoVChMIzqT m_PbjyAIVTyqICh2iFQHA#v=onepage&q&f=false ● Map is from a book called Seal Beach: A Brief History. Book may be very useful in gathering information about certain events like the flooding in the late 1800’s and that continued till 1938. Talks about the little area that was knocked down for the straightening of the San Gabriel River. ● Research more into Anaheim Landing which was located in what is now Alamitos Bay. ●Need to look more into the US Army Corps of Engineers, they were one of the first to push for the straightening of the San Gabriel River.
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- 35. I researched Dr. Briegel and she is currently the codirector of virtual oral/aural history archive at CSULB. She has also published “The Liquidation of Alamitos Land Company, 19882011” which the company printed and also deposited all the records they had preserved since 1888 in the Huntington Library. She has also published “The Centennial History of the Bixby Land Company, 18961996”. Monday, Oct 26, 2015: The Port of Long Beach (POLB) has a very detailed timeline of events near the port from 18902010. However, the POLB website does not contain detailed information on Alamitos Bay. For example: ● “1908: Applications are filed with the Water Department for a permit to start dredging the Cerritos Channel, connecting the Port of Long Beach with the Port of Los Angeles.” ● “1909: June 30 — The sand bar between the ocean and the San Gabriel River washes out at high tide, making the ocean entrance to the newly dredged inner harbor reality.The Long Beach electorate approves a harbor bond issue for $245,000 to purchase water frontage in the inner harbor and cover costs of building new piers, wharves and sheds.” For Randi: “1911: The State of California grants the tidelands areas to the City of Long Beach for port operations. Tidelands are defined as those lands and water areas along the coast of the Pacific Ocean seaward of the ordinary high tide line to a distance of three miles. The tidelands are granted to the City of Long Beach in trust for the people of the State. The tidelands trust not only restricts the use of the tidelands, but also the use of income and revenue generated from businesses and activities conducted on the tidelands. The tidelands and tidelands revenues must be used for purposes related to harbor commerce, navigation, marine recreation and fisheries.” ●In 1951, there was an amendment to the 1911 Tidelands Grant that allowed use of oil revenue from the tidelands on nonharbor activities. According to this timeline, oil was first discovered in the harbor in 1936 and the first oil well was established in 1938. http://www.polb.com/about/history/1910.asp Tuesday, Oct 27, 2015, 5:006:45 pm: Jessica and I met in the library to research the articles, maps, and photos relating to the straightening of the San Gabriel River. We came across the book “Seal Beach: A Brief History” that contained photographs from the late 1860’s of Anaheim Landing (located in what is now Alamitos Bay, near Island Village). Anaheim Landing seems to have been a popular beach spot that was destroyed by a major flood in the area (more research needs to be done).
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- 44. The reason that I had not put this up before was because I had originally thought that because it had nothing to do with our area it had no significance, but because it involved the straightening of the San Gabriel River and the input of drainage systems that went all the way to the ocean, it in fact did involve our area. ● There was a meeting held in July of 1911 where the city of El Monte wanted to form a San Gabriel River storm drainage district, which would extend from the San Gabriel mountains to the ocean ● Although there has been some major opposition from the ranchers in the area, who have spent a considerable amount of money to protect their land ●The ranchers had their own meeting mentioning that they had collectively contributed $20,000 straightening the river in the Whittier area with material that was already on the ground ● Their efforts have extended over three miles and have straightened 17 curves of the river into a straight course ● And although their efforts were appreciated the Organization Committee of the San Gabriel River storm drainage sent a letter to their chamber of commerce stating that there was too much silt being deposited into the San Pedro harbor from the San Gabriel River and that the silt deposits with either be greatly lessened or stopped altogether Jessica Dooley 12/2/15
- 45. http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgibin/cdnc?a=d&d=LAH19070314.2.130&srpos=1&e=en20 1txttxINBixby+Becomes+Head+of+a+Big+Corporation1 ● March 13, 1907 George Bixby, son of Jotham Bixby, is elected president of the Los Angeles Dock and Terminal Company, although there is urging from the locals for the company to be renamed to the Long Beach Dock and Terminal Company ● The dredger that was built for the Dock and Terminal company arrives in the Long Beach harbor and will be dragged through the Wilmington Lagoon and Cerritos Slough ●The straightening of the Cerritos Slough was officially ordered, from the San Gabriel River to where it flows to in the Dock and Terminal company ● There was another ordinance put through to widen the Cerritos Slough between the San Gabriel River and Wilmington Bay. Jessica Dooley 12/2/15
- 46. http://search.proquest.com.mimas.calstatela.edu/hnplatimes/docview/163698894/928B3 7AADB4648C6PQ/1?accountid=10352 ● In 1894 the need to protect the settlers around the San Gabriel River and Los Angeles River was great because of the constant flooding and a lot of valuable soil is also washed away ● So the Commission of Civil Engineers prepared a report for the city that stated what was wrong with the San Gabriel River (and Los Angeles River) and what the cost for the straightening of these rivers ●With everything that needed to be done, the total estimated cost to fix the rivers was $2,761,440 ● With inflation, in 2015 the cost is actually $76,706,666 Jessica Dooley 12/2/15
- 47. http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgibin/cdnc?a=d&d=LAH19050106.2.54&srpos=2&e=en20 1txttxINLos+Alamitos+San+Gabriel+River1 ● There were plans to build a resort in Alamitos Bay, which is right on the San Gabriel River. ● Which means that this resort would have amenities that the river would offer such as fishing, swimming, boating and duck shooting. ●There were also plans for a casino to be built in the area. ● There were plans to make Alamitos Bay the “Queen of Beaches”. ● Unsure if the plan of this resort ever became a reality. Randi Dillard Journal Entry 1 12/4/2015 Things I did not waste any time or did waste time on: Some of the things that I felt I wasted time on was looking at the government documents. When I was researching the government doc. I realized about halfway through my research that a lot of the materials repeated and basically said the same
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- 50. memorabilia). The Cultural Heritage Commission is composed of Mayorappointed delegates who are authorized to designate historical sites, buildings, or districts within the City. Stan Poe and Louise Ivers write most of the articles. For Stan Poe:maureenpoe@gmail.com For Louise: livers@csudh.eedu Anell 10/28/15: From Historical Society of Long Beach: 4260 Atlantic Avenue, Long Beach Ca. 90807, (562) 424-2220 -Brandon Werts, Gallery coordinator (brandonW@hslb.org) - Kaye Briegel, Ph.D., Co-director, Virtual Oral/ Aural History Archive (kbriegel@csulb.edu) Dr. Kaye Briegel is currently a volunteer with the Historical Society of Long Beach. She’s also published several books , including “The Liquidation of Alamitos Land Company, 1988- 2011” and “A Centennial History of the Bixby Land Company, 1896-1996”. Anell 11/16/15: D. J. Waldie: Author who has published several books on the social history of Southern California, including “Holy Land: A Suburban Memoir”, which provides a historical background on the Lakewood area, where he grew up. He is also a contributing editor for the LA Times and Los Angeles Magazine. Larry Strawther: Author of “Seal Beach: A Brief History” and has started the online Los Alamitos-Rossmoor-Seal Beach History Project. TIMELINE DRAFT: Sonali : 10/21/15,10/27/15, 10/31/15, 12/2/15 Jessica: 10/21/15, 10/23 Ignacio: 10/25/15, 10/26/15, 10/27/15 11/04/2015 I)Timeline Draft: ❖ 1784 a) Land Grants from King of Spain 1) Rancho Movement (Port Town p.39)
- 51. The area that is now Long Beach was first settled as part of a massive Spanish land grant to soldier Manuel Nieto, encompassing the historic 28,000acre Ranch Los Alamitos and its sister rancho, 27,000 acre Rancho Los Cerritos. www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/ 1833 a) Secularization Law 1) A way to gain access to the Mission’s land and goods. (Port Town p.50) ❖ 1842 a) Ron Abel Stearns buys Rancho Los Alamitos ★ 1846 a) Bear Flag Republic: War with Mexico (Port Town p.59) ★1850 a) Birth of Tsheet Surveys 1851 congress passes the law is "an act to ascertain and settle private land claims in the state of California" aka California land act. ★ 1854 a) Sacramento capitol of California (Port Town p.65) 18611862 Major flooding occurs in the San Gabriel River (Accessed Oct. 21, 2015) ❖ 1864 a) Stearns loses Mortgage to Michael Reese 1866 Rancho Los Cerritos was sold to Lewellyn Bixby and then managed by his brother Jotham. The Bixby family soon become prominent ranchers and developers of Long Beach and remain even to this day. http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/ ❖ 1878 a) John Bixby leases Rancho Alamitos 1880 Population of the city and county of Los Angeles have doubled during the past decade (Accessed Oct. 21, 2015) 1880 Willmore City town site is laid out (10/17/15) ❖ 1881 a) John Bixby purchases Los Alamitos b) Bixby purchases Los Alamitos http://www.gondolagetawayinc.com/history.asp(10/14/15) John Bixby and two partners
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- 53. (Accessed Oct. 21, 2015) 1902 The introduction of the Pacific Electric trolley caused the city to grow both as a resort and commercial center. http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/ ❖ 1903 a) Dickson purchases Alamitos Bay Peninsula Subdivided into 500 lots. 1) First serious development of Alamitos Bay. ❖ 1905 a)Arthur M. Parsons Purchases tidelands around Alamitos Bay. ❖1906 San Francisco earthquake drives Parsons to Long Beach to build canals ● 1907 ( Dec. 7th) a) Dec. 9 official founding of the Port of LAportoflosangeles.org ❖ 1909 a) first home built at Savana Walk http://www.gondolagetawayinc.com/history.asp 19021910 Long Beach was the fastest growing city in the United States. http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/ ★ 1911 a)Tidelands Grant (Port Town p.185) b) The Port of Long Beach was established. http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/ ● 1912 a)Port of LA dredging and widening the main channel portoflosangeles.org ❖ 1913 a)Port of LA dredging and widening the main channel project helps to build bridges across canals. http://www.gondolagetawayinc.com/history.asp (10/25/15) 1914 Major flooding occurs (Accessed Oct. 21, 2015) ❖ 1919 a)Belmont shore Development begins: Alamitos Bay dredged and shore filled 1921 Oil was discovered on Signal Hill and Long Beach flourished with a million dollarpermonth building boom downtown. http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/ ➢ 1924 a)Alamitos yacht club born. ❏ 1928
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- 56. ❖ 1946 a) Christmas parade 1947 The first and only flight of Howard Hughes’ Spruce Goose, the world’s largest airplane, took off over Long Beach Harbor. http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/ 1949 California State University Long Beach was founded. http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/ ➔ 19551967 a) AES Alamitos Power Plant construction b) 1967 The city of Long Beach purchased Cunard’s former luxury cruise liner, the Queen Mary, to be docked in Long Beach Harbor as a major tourism attraction and hotel. http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/ _____1972_____ a)California Coastal Commission created ●1973 1974 The State Coastal Commission turned over control of downtown redevelopment to the city. http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/ 1976 – The city embarked on a multibillion dollar redevelopment program to continue through the year 2000. http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/ 1978 – The Long Beach Convention & Entertainment Center opened, adjacent to the Long Beach arena. http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/ 1982 – Shoreline Village, the Downtown Shoreline Marina and Shoreline Park opened. http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/ 1983 – The Spruce Goose was moved from its hidden hangar to be exhibited in the world’s largest geodesic dome adjacent to the Queen Mary. http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/ 1984 – Long Beach was the site for four Olympic events during the Los Angeles Olympics– yachting, volleyball, fencing and archery. http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/ 1988 – Long Beach celebrated its Centennial. http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/ 1989 – The Greater Los Angeles World Trade Center in Long Beach opened. http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/
- 57. 1990 – The Long Beach to Los Angeles Metro Blue Line, the first link in the Los Angeles Metro Rail project, started service. http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/ 1992 – Construction began on an expansion to the Long Beach Convention & Entertainment Center to triple the size of its exhibit facilities. The Spruce goose is moved to McMinnville, Oregon to become the centerpiece for the Air Venture Museum, its dome is “converted” to use as movie studio by Warner Bros.Pine Square, Southern California’s secondlargest movie theater complex with 16 screens, shops and restaurants opened December 18.http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/ ● 1994 a) Southern California Edison built and operated the Alamitos plant until 1994, State legislature required it to sell generating plants as part of deregulation. b) Completion of the Long Beach Convention & Entertainment Center expansion, tripling the existing exhibit space to 334,000 square feet.http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/ 1995 – Groundbreaking is held on the $100 million, 120,000squarefoot Aquarium of the Pacific, the largest such project ever in Southern California and the centerpiece of a $650 million renovation of the Long Beach waterfront. http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/ 1996 – The historic Queen Mary celebrates the 60th anniversary of its 1936 maiden voyage from Southampton, England, to New York City;Long Beach breaks ground on Rainbow Harbor, the centerpiece of the city’s $650 million Queensway Bay waterfront development project.http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/ 1997 – The Queen Mary celebrates 30 years in Long Beach as a firstclass hotel and popular Southern California attraction.Southern California Edison sold 10 of its gasfired power plants, including its Huntington Beach units, for $1.1 billion in one of the largest asset sales by a utility. A.AES purchased three generating plantsthe Alamitos station in Long Beach, the one in Huntington Beach and one in Redondo Beachfor $781 million. http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/ 1998 – The Long Beach Aquarium of the Pacific opened. Through dozens of breathtaking exhibits, you’ll meet more than 10,000 of this ocean’s inhabitants, representing 550 different species.http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/ 1999 – The Long Beach Town Centre opened offering entertainment and shopping for the entire family.http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/ 2002 – CityPlace, a shopping center which replaced Long Beach Plaza opened. Nordstrom’sRack, Wal Mart and Ross Dress For Less are a few of the stores featured at CityPlace; JetBlue flies into Long Beach Airport May 1.http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/
- 58. 2003 – Carnival Cruise lines opened a terminal adjacent to the Queen Mary and becomes the first cruise line to operate in Long Beach; The Pike at Rainbow Harbor Entertainment Complex opens.http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/ 2004 – The Long Beach Aquatic Festival features the US Olympic Team TrailsSwimming, the most successful Trials ever in both records broken and attendance.http://www.bluffheights.org/2012/01/abriefhistoryoflongbeach/ 2004 Office of Historic preservation, #1014 California historic registered landmarks, City of Long Beach OHP.Parks.ca.gov 2007 –Long Beach is the host city for the “overall finish” of the AMGEN Tour of California professional bicycle race. Eighteen international teams compete in this “Tour de France style” cross country race that covers more than 650 miles of scenic California roadways. For additional information on Long Beach facts & history: http://www.longbeach.gov/about/facts.asp Or you can contact the Long Beach Area Convention & Visitors Bureau, the private, nonprofit marketing organization promoting conventions and tourism into the Long Beach area. (http://www.visitlongbeach.com) LBACVB, One World Trade Center, Suite 300, Long Beach, CA 908310300. 562/4363645. 2015 a. Power plant explosion in Long Beach.
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- 64. Mytopo.com Alamitos bayTopographic map of Industrial area 2015. Sonali Patangay 10/31/15 Legend: www.coastal.ca.gov ➢ ABYC.ORG ❏ Napleslandca.wordpress.com ❖ ArthurMParsons.www.gondulagetawayinc.com/history.asp ● PortofLosAngeles.org ★ Port town ➔ aescalifornia.com/facilities/alamitos Historical Ecology and Landscape Change of the San Gabriel River and Floodplain WORK PLAN
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- 66. Ignacio 10/27/2015 10/28/2015 Journal report week 4: Group Report # 1: ALAMITOS BAY GROUP 1 TEAM PROGRESS REPORT 10/27/15 PERIODS COVERED FROM 09/25/15 10/27/2015 TEAM MEMBERS: SONALY PATANGAY, ANELL TERCERO, IGNACIO GARCIA G., JESSICA DOOLEY AND RANDY DILLARD Summary of the current state of Alamitos Bay 1 project: × Our goalis to have assembled a body of solid empirical social evidence for the history of the Long Beach Industrial Zone tract by doing research investigating key social issues and events surrounding the construction in the Industrial Zone Area, particularly the straightening of the San Gabriel River and the construction of the power plant. § The team has completed the selection of contemporary maps of the industrial area, indicating zoning and parcels. § Group created general timeline, it is working also on gathering material for the Archive of Popular and Citizen Media, and for the Persons of Interest section. § Group focused on researching online databases to locate maps showing zoning changes of industrial area, making own maps, producing notes, and looking for photos. § Group members are still in the process of researching historical city planning documents to figure out ownership of the Industrial area in the past.
- 67. § Group continuesin the process of research for sources of information in public records. Group researched the CEQA Report. § Assistant Team Leader Anell Tercero visited Alamitos Bay and the Historical Society of Long Beach, but was not able to access archives. She spoke briefly with two potential interviewees; gallery coordinator Brandon Werts and Dr. Kaye Briegel, who is codirector of Virtual Oral/Aural History Archive at CSULB. × Team member’s duties evaluation: Group will be meeting regularly outside of class to discuss each individual’s progress and to verify that everyone is gathering the necessary information and sources. All group members are working diligently to gather concrete data. × Period Summary: The total work hours for the period is approximately 323*. During this period the team focused most of its time doing research and planning, Literary searches, establishment of goals and initial selection of material. § Sonali: 88hrs. Sonali has work actively researching the CEQA report and made four work entries citing urls and abstracts: Long Beach East Division police substation construction approval. Los Cerritos Wetlands and Oceanaire Apartment Development in accordance with CEQA 562. Sonali has also been writing the work draft plan on google docs and preparing the final work § Anell: Anell: 60hrs. Started with gathering the most current maps available that show zoning districts and land parcels in the industrial area. The maps indicate that our tract is part of the
- 68. Planned Development District(PD1) Southeast Area Development and Improvement Plan, which are considered special districts. She visited Historical Society of Long Beach and met two potential interviewees, Dr. Kaye Briegel and Brandon Werts. Currently she is gathering information (maps, photos) of the tract prior to the construction of the power plant and the straightening of the San Gabriel River. § Jessica: 60hrs. As Popular Media Specialist has collaborated working on the timeline improvement, researched maps of the wetlands in the Alamitos area. Jessica also has been researching on popular press coverage and citizen media for the Popular Media Archive. § Randy: 50hrs. Has been working in researching public records over the replacement of the Alamitos power plant. Also, Randy is collaborating in researching articles regarding water pollution and water waste and documents from city planning department, such legislation and codes placed to protect the environment. § Ignacio: 65hrs. As Media Specialist Ignacio has been work also in several tasks; He has been improving the timeline constantly with entries, and researching websites related to it. He has conducted research over the Long Beach Heritage foundation. Started the Archive of Popular Media and section of Persons of Interest as possible interviewees, also started a bibliography section for project. Ignacio is also the author of this report. Ignacio is actively looking for photos of the before, during and after the construction of the Alamitos power plant. Group unexpected beginning: × The proportion of the project accomplished is about 3540%.
- 69. × The mostsignificant achievement of the group during this period was the consolidation of the members as a group and gathering the most contemporary data relating to our tract. We continue to research historical data and sources to identify how the construction of the power plant and the straightening of the San Gabriel River drastically changed the area surrounding it and what the main issues were. Since one of the team members began working on the project 2 weeks after we had started (due to illness), that showed difficulty from our part to be up to date with the project goals. Notes: * Total does not include class readings. Anell, Ignacio, Sonali 11/02/15 11/03/15 I’m continuing searching data for Alamitos bay / Long Beach industrial zone. I found the Southern California Edison Photographs and Negatives collection of the construction of the area in the Huntington Digital Library about the Alamitos Generating Station during years 1955 present. Aerial photos of Alamitos Generating Station. Aerial views of Alamitos Generating Station during construction. Alamitos Steam Station. http://hdl.huntington.org/cdm/search/searchterm/Alamitos%20Generating%20Station/mode/exa ct/order/date About the collection Southern California Edison Photographs and Negatives This database contains 70,000 scanned images from the photographic archive of Southern California Edison (SCE). Spanning the years 1887 through 1975 (with the majority of images from the 1880s1950s), the archive records key hydroelectric and other projects across the 15 central, coastal and southern California counties served by SCE, the largest electric utility in California. Aside from documenting 28 major Edison projects and the company’s vast infrastructural network, the archive also depicts employee gatherings, streetscapes, billboards, agricultural and other industries, exhibitions, small businesses, sports and recreational facilities,
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- 76. Aerial views of Alamitos Generating Station during construction 1966 1.Aerial views of Alamitos Generating Station during construction 1966 Construction of Units 5 & 6 Photographer: Fadler, Joseph
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- 88. Ignacio 12/07/15 Popular Media ( ARTICLE # 4 ) Wall Street Journal, 9 July, 1987 Source: Dow Jones & Company Inc Catalyst Energy Buys Alamito Class B Stock from Minority Holders Catalyst, which owns and operates electric and thermal energy plants, said it bought out the minority holders with which it jointly acquired Alamito in June 1986. The minority holders were Bear, Stearns & Co., Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette Securities Corp., Mabon Nugent & Co. and a Donaldson Lufkin employee. The Donaldson employee also will receive payment stemming from appreciation rights for shares to which he would have been entitled. Catalyst energy buysalamito class B stock from minority holders. (1987, Jul 09). Wall Street JournalRetrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/398020951?accountid=7285 Ignacio 12/07/15 Popular Media ( ARTICLE # 5 ) New York Times (10 April 1986), page D.1 Special to the New York Times PAULINE YOSHIHASHI Stocks and Bonds Alamito announced that Tucson Electric would not honor its 12year contract with the wholesaler beyond 1989, citing ''important fundamental disputes.'' Megawatt contends in its suit that the announcement was made to disrupt the financing packages arranged by competing bidders, thereby giving an edge to Tucson Electric's former executives. Despite Alamito's agreement with Osceola, both Megawatt and Homans McGraw say their offers are still outstanding. http://libproxy.csun.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.libproxy.csun.edu/docview/425 838756?accountid=7285 Ignacio 12/07/15 Popular Media ( ARTICLE # 6 ) Platts Utility Environment Report April 5, 2002 Two of AES Pacific's southern California power plants, Alamitos and Redondo Beach, produced 76% of all NOx emissions that exceeded individual facility allocations in 2000. Because AES
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- 92. Things changed and I got plenty articles and I feel that the class would have last longer the results definitely would be bigger. At the end it was a pleasure work on this project, I have learned so much, from estuaries to politics. The project is very intense. GROUP ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1.Eric D. Stein, Shawna Dark, Travis Longcore, Nicholas Hall, Michael Beland, Robin Grossinger, Jason Casanova, and Martha Sutula. 2007. Historical Ecology and Landscape of the San Gabriel River and Floodplain. SCCWRP Technical Report 499. This report talks about how California has recently begun to be very active in the management, restoration and protection of what is left of our historic wetlands. And to do that there needed to be some delving into historical ecology to understand what contributed to declines in the past to help prevention of declines in the present. This would help with restoration and preservation. I was mainly interested in the historical maps to see where the estuaries used to be to pinpoint what used to be there before there was a power plant in the area. 2. Larry Strawther. 2014. Seal Beach: A Brief History. The History Press This book is for the most part about the history of Seal Beach, but it runs very close to our area of research so I thought it would have some useful information and it did. First it had some useful maps that showed where the flooding took place on the San Gabriel River from the late 1800’s to 1938 when the flooding was controlled. And even better we found that when looking more into the book Seal Beach: A Brief History, we found that the last four thousand feet of the San Gabriel River was straightened and encased in rock in 1931. According to this book the straightening of the San Gabriel River was complete before the last major flooding of the river occurred and before the leveeing of the river began in 1938. 3. OC Tribune Staff. 2014. The Vegas of the 20’s: Seal Beach. Retrieved November 4, 2015, from http://orangecountytribune.com/2014/04/04/thevegasofthe20ssealbeach/
- 93. 4. Although thiswas not the area we were looking at this was the little community at the bottom of the San Gabriel River that needed to be gone in order for the straightening of the river to be complete. This area was known as “Joy Zone Amusement Park”. It was opened in 1916 and was considered to be the Las Vegas of the 1920’s. Unfortunately with the great depression it began to decline in popularity. Although on the other side of it (Anaheim Landing) because prohibition, there was also a port that was good drop off spot of bootlegged alcohol. 5. Colleen Fliedner. 2006. Seal Beach. Retrieved November 4, 2015, from http://www.ocregister.com/articles/beach7236sealcity.html Again talking about “Joy Zone” and how it was quite popular, especially with Hollywood crowd. Although 1929, with the stock market crash and the ensuing Great Depression it was no longer able to stay open. Many building had ended up falling into disrepair and the roller coaster then burning down. Then in 1944 the Naval Base took over part of it house ammunition 6. Edgar C. Kenyon, Jr. 1950. History of Ocean Outlets, Los Angeles County Flood Control District. Retrieved November 4, 2015, from https://icceojstamu.tdl.org/icce/index.php/icce/article/viewFile/934/031_Kenyon During the time from around 1868, when the San Gabriel River cut a new channel to the ocean, to 1931, the outlet migrated down coast around 2800 ft. Around this time that outlet reached a low bluff and the Los Angeles Gas and Electric built a steam electric generating plant in 1925. During the late 1920s the Flood Control District began the straightening and widening of the channel. In 1930, there was a certain amount of oil wells that was located in the area adjacent to Alamitos Bay and they were damaged due to inundation from flooding. 7. Flood Curb Job Nears End: Early Completion of San Gabriel River Seen With Approval of Plans for Unit No. 6. 1933. Los Angeles Times, pg. A3. Retrieved November 13, 2015, from http://search.proquest.com/hnplatimes/docview/163143042/A676A30BCE844562PQ/11?acc ountid=10352 There was a project that was occurring to help the prevention of the flooding at the mouth of the river. This total cost of this project was $1,000,000. It was to protect the parts of the river that experience the most major of the flooding.
- 94. Are Combined AgainstRiver: San Gabriel Drainage Men Ask Assistance; Chamber of Commerce Petitioned to Investigate Situation and Send Telegram to Southern California Congressmen, Indorsing Stand Taken for Protection from Floods. 1911. Los Angeles Times, pg.17. Retrieved December 2, 2015, from http://search.proquest.com.mimas.calstatela.edu/hnplatimes/docview/159573264/471475216588 4B2EPQ/7?accountid=10352 There was a meeting held in July of 1911 where the city of El Monte wanted to form a San Gabriel River storm drainage district, which would extend from the San Gabriel mountains to the ocean. There has been some major opposition from the ranchers in the area though, as they have spent a considerable amount of money to protect their land. The ranchers had their own meeting mentioning that they had collectively contributed $20,000 straightening the river in the Whittier area with material that was already on the ground. Their efforts have extended over three miles and have straightened 17 curves of the river into a straight course. And although their efforts were appreciated the Organization Committee of the San Gabriel River storm drainage sent a letter to their chamber of commerce stating that there was too much silt being deposited into the San Pedro harbor from the San Gabriel River and that the silt deposits with either be greatly lessened or stopped altogether. Very Expensive: Estimated Cost of the Proposed River Work. A Comprehensive Report Prepared by the Commission of Civil Engineers. The Result of a Careful Survey of the Beds of the Los Angeles and San Gabriel RiversA Big Project. 1894. Los Angeles Times, pg. 5. Retrieved December 2, 2015, from http://search.proquest.com.mimas.calstatela.edu/hnplatimes/docview/163698894/7E3B11E FD88148E8PQ/2?accountid=10352 In 1894 the need to protect the settlers around the San Gabriel River and Los Angeles River was great because of the constant flooding and a lot of valuable soil is also washed away. So the Commission of Civil Engineers prepared a report for the city that stated what was wrong with the San Gabriel River (and Los Angeles River) and what the cost for the straightening of these rivers. With everything that needed to be done, the total estimated cost to fix the rivers was $2,761,440. With inflation, in 2015 the cost is actually $76,706,666.
- 95. 8. Bixby BecomesHead of Big Corporation. 1907. Los Angeles Herald, pg. 9. Retrieved December 2, 2015, from http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgibin/cdnc?a=d&d=LAH19070314.2.130&srpos=1&e=en201txt txINBixby+Becomes+the+Big+Head+of+Corporation1 March 13, 1907 George Bixby, son of Jotham Bixby, is elected president of the Los Angeles Dock and Terminal Company, although there is urging from the locals for the company to be renamed to the Long Beach Dock and Terminal Company. The dredger that was built for the Dock and Terminal Company arrives in the Long Beach harbor and will be dragged through the Wilmington Lagoon and Cerritos Slough. The straightening of the Cerritos Slough was officially ordered, from the San Gabriel River to where it flows to in the Dock and Terminal Company. There was another ordinance put through to widen the Cerritos Slough between the San Gabriel River and Wilmington Bay. 9. To Build Large Pleasure Resort: Plan to Make Alamitos Bay Queen of Beaches. 1905. Los Angeles Herald, pg. 4. Retrieved December 2, 2015, from http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgibin/cdnc?a=d&d=LAH19050106.2.54&srpos=2&e=en201txtt xINLos+Alamitos+San+Gabriel+River1 There were plans to build a resort in Alamitos Bay, which is right on the San Gabriel River. Which means that this resort would have amenities that the river would offer such as fishing, swimming, boating and duck shooting. There were also plans for a casino to be built in the area. There were plans to make Alamitos Bay the “Queen of Beaches”. Unsure if the plan of this resort ever became a reality. 10. Long Beach Development Services: http://www.lbds.info/ http://www.lbds.info/planning/current_planning/zoning_ordinances.asp (10/18/15) This site has been very useful in attaining current maps showing land parcels and zoning in Alamitos Bay and the Long Beach general plan. It also contains information regarding developmental policies and laws. The information here is useful for current or future changes that are or will be implemented in Alamitos Bay; not necessarily for attaining historical/previous maps. It also contains links to several laws or acts that were passed, for example California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). 11. Rancho Los Alamitos website: http://www.rancholosalamitos.com/aboutus/ownership.html (11/4/15) The Rancho Alamitos website contains a very detailed overall history and timeline of the major events, such as changes in ownership and occupancy in Alamitos Bay since the land grant given to Nieto by the Spanish crown through the purchase and development of the area by John Bixby.
- 96. 12. National Parks Services website: http://www.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/8californio/8facts1.htm (11/4/15) Here, we find a historical timeline that incorporates a few more details regarding ownership and occupancy of Alamitos Bay that were not mentioned in the Rancho Los Alamitos website, for example the purchase of Rancho Los Alamitos by Michael Reese after Abel Stearns. 13. Huntington Digital Library: http://hdl.huntington.org/ The Alamitos LandCompany deposited all the records they had preserved since 1888 in the Huntington Library. The digital library contains many documents and images (maps, pictures) relating to the development of the Alamitos Bay area. 14. Online Archive of California: http://www.oac.cdlib.org/ Contains several maps from land cases from the late 1800’s in the Alamitos Bay and also links to other archives, such as UCLA and Huntington Library. Might be more useful to gather documents pertaining to land grant cases after the 1851 Act to Ascertain and Settle Private Land Claims in the State of California passed by congress. 15. Los Cerritos Wetland Authority: http://lcwetlands.org/ Up to date information about relevant issues surrounding the conservation of the Los Cerritos Wetlands and their efforts to purchase private wetlands, for example those owned by Isaias W. Hellman in Seal Beach. 16. State Coastal Conservancy: http://scc.ca.gov/ Contains many documents from local and state agencies attempting to preserve the Los Cerritos Wetlands and also detailed information along with maps, about ownership of the wetlands and its surrounding areas. 17. Long Beach Public Library Digital Archives: http://encore.lbpl.org/iii/cpro/app The archive contains hundreds of detailed aerial photographs, some dating as far back as 1921, of the Alamitos Bay area. However, very few maps were found. 18. The Los AlamitosRossmoorSeal Beach History Project: http://localsports.biz/history/
- 97. Very helpful site,contains detailed historical information about the Alamitos Bay area overall. There are also many lists of helpful historical books on Alamitos Bay and Seal Beach. 19. These books by Dr. Kaye Briegel may also be helpful The Liquidation of Alamitos Land Company, 19882011 (the company printed it, along with the history of their first century, and deposited all of the records they had preserved since 1888 at the Huntington Library). A Centennial History of the Bixby Land Company, 18961996 20. Environmental Report ( Ceqa reports 2015): Environmental Planning ( 562) 5706458 www.lbds.info/planning/environmental.../environmental_reports.asp Southeast Area Specific Plan/SEADIP Update This map shows the current Southeast area specific plan proposal, as it is still pending, illustrating the different phases of subprojects. 21.http://3.bp.blogspot.com/UM7Ahmbv7kU/Tnknsk30eYI/AAAAAAAACEU/Y7XYkzg2wj0/ s1600/Los+Cerritos+land+ownership+92011.jpg This map shows the original boundaries of the Los Cerritos Wetlands in Long Beach in 1896, and it illustrates the changes in those boundaries through time, in accordance with the changing jurisdictions and laws up to 1981. 22.https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8 &ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCM30Jjc4MgCFUjaYwodyUIDiQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caop enspace.org%2Floscerritoswetlands.html&psig=AFQjCNHhUF5zAvu7xirLO66ey6cS26PPcg& ust=1445968858700312 10/26/15 23. Status on Southeast Area Specific Plan/SEADIP Update (EP 562): Pending Location: On the southeast edge of Long Beach city. This location entails 1,475 acres consisting of the area south of 7th street, East of Bellflower Boulevard, East of Long Beach Marine Stadium and Alamitos dock, South of Colorado Street. Description: This project proposes to replace current 1,475 acres PD1 zoning where a specific plan covering 1,466 acres and remove 9 acres from the PD11 boundaries to convert to conventional zoning. Thus, the project seeks to change “the boundaries of PD1 so the two separate areas entail: 1,466 acres within in the boundaries of current 1,475 acres PD1 area (specific plan). Area two entails: 9 acres with the current PD1 directly west of Marina vista park (conventional zoning area). Both areas constitute the project area”( Ceqa 562:2015). 4) www.lbds.info/planning/environmental.../environmental_reports.asp
- 98. 24. Environmental Planning (562) 5706458 Weber Metals Large Press Expansion http://longbeachhistory.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/jungle2.jpg Case Study status: Approved/certified Location: Located onthe Southern part of 21 acre Weber Metals facility. This is approximately 11.4 of the 21 acres located within the city of Paramount. The remaining 9.6 acres are located within the city of Long Beach. The specific location of this site is 16706 Garfield Avenue, Paramount, CA. Weber metals facility has 19 buildings totaling 298,090 sf, which is responsible for aluminum and titanium forging operations. “This Project will include: the expansion of the facility, installing a 60,000 ton forging press in a new building on the property. This aims to construct a new forge press housed in a new 115,000 square foot building, within long beach city. This will entail an 85 foot deep excavation pit to house the press at a 65 foot high main roof to accommodate the height of the press.” 25) Environmental report (562) Oceanaire apartments Status: approved http://www.longbeachize.com/wpcontent/uploads/2015/02/OceanAireVictory1024x596.jpg This map depicts the final project plan for the Oceanaire apartments, which gained approval in accordance with CEQA guidelines section 15072. 26. www.lbds.info/planning/environmental.../environmental_reports.asp Oceanaire Apartments project: Approved Environmental report 562 Location: 150 West Ocean Blvd between South Pine avenue and Pacific avenue. Description: “This project proposes a 216 unit multifamily/ mixed use apartment complex on the 1.76 acre site. The project will include a single structure that would consist of seven levels along west boulevard and five levels along west seaside way. The apartment structure reaches a max of 85 feet above West Ocean Blvd. grade and 106.5 feet above west seaside grade. This includes a mixture of studios, and plus one bedrooms”. Per CEQA Guidelines Section 15072(g) (5), the project site is not listed as a hazardous property as designated under Section 65962.5 of the Government Code. 27. LB East Division Police Substation Environmental report (562): Status Approved www.lbds.info/planning/environmental.../environmental_reports.asp Location: The proposed East Division Police substation (here in referenced as the “project”). The project is located at 3800 East Willow Street (between Redondo Avenue and Lakewood Blvd) and involves the transfer of the Schroeder Hall property (owned by US Department of defense to the city of Long Beach for relocation on existing East Division of police substation and juvenile investigations section).
- 99. “Following a preliminaryreview of the proposed project, the City of Long Beach determined that the improvements are subject to the guidelines and regulations of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). The City has determined an Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration (IS/MND) to be the appropriate level of environmental analysis under the provisions of CEQA”. 28.Colorado Lagoon Field trip www.coloradolagoon.org/ For the purposes of our field trip today, Dr. Whitcraft is going to give us a tour of the lagoon, specifically focusing on the history of the Wetland Marine Science education center, which is located on the northeast portion of the lagoon. WAMSEC, or the Wetland Marine Science education center, was originally run by the Eldorado Center, temporarily. However, the Eldorado Center did not have the funds in order to keep the lagoon and it was leased over to the Friends of Colorado Lagoon by the city. The friends of Colorado Lagoon, is a nonprofit organization that leases the property for $1 annually, while the city of Long Beach pays for the electricity. Historically this whole area was all Alamitos Bay, but the Colorado Lagoon sought to expand the regional area of Alamitos Bay, as well as the Los Cerritos Wetlands area. The Los Cerritos Wetlands is owned by what is known as 2 joint powers authority. The Los Cerritos wetlands is leased by the Bryant family through the city, and also leased by the Hellman family as well, along with the City of Long beach, Seal Beach, and other “severed” entities. During the late 1800’s, the Los Cerritos Wetlands, experienced salinity changes and, thus was filled and dredged in 1896.In 19271928, the lagoon was straightened, which was done for the Olympics. At this time, Naples was almost fully created. Seven years later, Belmont shores, would also be fully constructed as well. 29 Ownership and Development of Colorado Lagoon and Administration of the Termino drain Project. www.ladpw.org/pdd/reports/Termino_EIR08_Final.pdf dpw.lacounty.gov/.../in... Los Angeles County Department of Public Works In 1931, the lagoon was made to be a tourist site and to this day, it still is. Also that same year, the development of this area was finally finished in time for the Olympics. This was when they built a new road now called Colorado street. The city also built a tide gate (which made it deeper for diving events). By this era of the 1930’s, they trucked sand in from nearby beaches. The area was originally known for being very muddy and rocky, and was also used for swimming lessons up until 1960. In 2004, the Office of historic preservation, and the city of Long Beach teamed up and came up with the idea of the Termino project. The Termino Avenue drain project was approved in 2007, according to the LA County public library, Public works volume 2. 30. NVIVO Word Cloud
- 100. download.qsrinternational.com/.../NVivo10forMac/NVivo10forMacG. helpnv9en.qsrinternational.com/.../run_a_word_frequency_query.htm Ultimately the NVIVOword cloud, will help my group with our final report. NVIVO word cloud has been a very useful tool. It has helped us find connections between sea level rise and how it will affect the future of the San Gabriel River. Utilizing NVIVO we found that previous research on the San Gabriel River, was looking at the long term effects of sea level rise. NVIVO thus, helps with word frequency query. The word cloud functions as a visual representation, which maps out themes of Sea level rise and the San Gabriel river, and does an in depth analysis. Now I have a more concise idea of what to write about in my chapter. 30. 1911 Tidelands grant www.courts.ca.gov/opinions/revpub/C041603.DOC FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND This information is about the outcome of the 1911 Tidelands grant is especially advantageous to my research because it gives background on the types of laws and jurisdictions that gave way to current laws and jurisdictions in the Alamitos bay area, prior to the dredging and widening of the San Gabriel River. I. Public Trust Doctrine and the History of the Queensway Bay Parcels The public trust doctrine, which evolved from Roman law and English common law, holds that the state, as sovereign, owns all of the navigable waterways and the lands lying beneath them “‘“as trustee of a public trust for the benefit of the people.”’” (National Audubon Society v. Superior Court (1983) 33 Cal.3d 419, 434 (National Audubon), quoting Colberg, Inc. v. State of California ex rel. Dept. Pub. Wks. (1967) 67 Cal.2d 408, 416.) Though the rule applies generally to all navigable waters, it had its first application to tidelands. 11) The outcome of the 1911 Tidelands grant www.courts.ca.gov/opinions/revpub/C041603.DOC By analyzing the outcome of the 1911 Tidelands grant, we are able to get tangible evidence and/or quantitative data that permits all tidelands within a two mile radius are bound by the current jurisdiction mandated by said land grants. Following a court trial, the court denied the petition. Earth Corps appeals, arguing: (1) the exchange violated both the public “All tidelands within two miles of any incorporated city, city and county, or town in this State, and fronting on the water of any harbor, estuary, bay, or inlet used for the purposes of navigation, shall be withheld from grant or sale to private persons, partnerships, or corporations . . . .” trust doctrine and the California Constitution, (2) the exchange violated section 6307, and (3) the exchange was not exempt from CEQA. As a threshold matter, Earth Corps argues we must review the Commission’s actions under an independent judgment standard of review. The League for Coastal Protection; Save Our NTC, Inc.; the Natural Resources Defense Council; and the Surfrider Foundation joined together in filing an amici curiae brief in support of Earth Corps.
- 101. We find theCommission’s approval of the exchange not supported by the evidence. Therefore, we reverse the trial court’s judgment and grant Earth Corps’s petition for writ of mandate. 31 1833 Secularization Act http://www.nps.gov/goga/learn/historyculture/upload/Chapter8.pdf “This chapter on the secularization and Rancho Era contains sections with a wide central California perspective and sections with a narrow San Francisco Peninsula perspective. The initial section follows the mission secularization process whereby Mission Indians lost legal title to their lands and became a servant class within the Hispanic community. The second section describes land grants received by Indian people in the San Francisco and Monterey Bay Areas. The third section examines various themes pertinent to the San Francisco Bay Area and the larger central California area. The fourth section documents secularization at Mission Dolores and the family groups of the San Francisco Peninsula Indian community up to 1840. The fifth and final section describes the Mission Dolores Indians and the San Francisco Peninsula landscape during the early and mid1840s”. This was a “partial emancipation policy” that first only included the Monterey district. However, it was extended to other districts in 1828, but did not include Mission San Rafael or Mission San Francisco Solano on the Northern frontier (Bancroft 1886:III:102). 32. 1833 Secularization Act specifics and effects on local jurisdiction and laws and Regulations of 1834 http://www.nps.gov/goga/learn/historyculture/upload/Chapter8.pdf “On July 2, 1833 southern Mission Prefect Narciso Duran wrote Figueroa with regard to the difference of life quality of the Indians who were living at the missions and those who were emancipated and living in the pueblo of Los Angeles: I have seen with the greatest amazement that [the Indians who dwell in the pueblo of Los Angeles] . . . live far more wretched and oppressed than those in the missions. There is not one who has a garden of his own, or a yoke of oxen, a horse, or a house fit for a rational being. The equality with the white people, which is preached to them, consists in this, that these Indians are subject to a white comisionado, and are the only ones who do the menial work . . . All in reality are slaves, or servants of white men who know well the manner of securing their services by binding them a whole year for an advanced trifle . . . The benevolent ideas of the Government will never be realized, because the Indian evinces no other ambition than to possess a little more savage license, even though it involved a thousand oppressions of servitude (Duran [1833] in Geary 1934:137)”. 33. https://books.google.com/books?id=rCy634h9_oYC&pg=PA8&lpg=PA8&dq=1884+willmore+c ity+becomes+long+beach&source=bl&ots=0VP5GIUkFh&sig=3MVkKmdIpSK5Iz7eYfE2aLdl
- 102. sGg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjL9fvc073JAhVQx2MKHfxtBVYQ6AEIJTAC#v=onepage &q&f=false 34. 1884: Willmore city becomes Long Beach ( Background information) For decades,the city of Long Beach has been widely recognized for its “ natural assets and events”, that helped to influence the overall history of the city ( Schipske 2015:8). Contrary to popular belief, the city had been “known by many names during this period” (Schipske 2015:8). These names are as follows: Rancho Los Alamitos, Los Cerritos, American Colony, Cerritos Colony, Willmore City, the fastest growing city in the nation, the willows, queen of the beaches, tent city, the ideal home city, the playground of the world, the home of the industry, clam city, the national health resort, and the wonder city of the pacific southwest, to name a few. However, the final and definitive name that seemed to stick was Long beach. The name Long beach, was originally coined by Belle Lowe in 1884, the wife of the town’s postmaster (appointed by President Grover Cleveland 1885), and it is the name we still use today. Consequently, this was same time that Willmore city became officially known as the city of Long Beach. The name was given by Lowe during that year, “ to the land syndicate that was attempting to market the area, arguing that it reflected the town’s most popular asset, eight plus miles of wide open beach”. The goal, “Turn this sleepy seaside community into a thriving municipality”. After the Spanish took the land from the Tongva Natives (later known as Gabrielinos because of their affiliation with the Missions of San Gabriel Arcangel), for which they distributed as land grants. 35. 1884 Willmore city becomes Long Beach Continued. Specifics of land grants jurisdiction and Ownership during this era. https://books.google.com/books?id=rCy634h9_oYC&pg=PA8&lpg=PA8&dq=1884+willmore+c ity+becomes+long+beach&source=bl&ots=0VP5GIUkFh&sig=3MVkKmdIpSK5Iz7eYfE2aLdl sGg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjL9fvc073JAhVQx2MKHfxtBVYQ6AEIJTAC#v=onepage &q&f=false In 1784, Governor Pedro Fages granted all the land between the San Gabriel river ( now known as LA), and Santa Ana rivers to Manuel Nieto for his service as a Spanish soldier. The size of the land grant was reduced by Governor Diego de Borica, “ so as not to infringe upon the area occupied by the Mission San Gabriel” ( Schipske 2015:9). Nieto tended to the land ( formerly known as Rancho Los Coyotes) where they raised: cattle,sheep, and horses. At the time of Nieto’s death, the land was split into the following 5 ranchos: Los Coyotes, Los Cerritos, Santa Gertrudes, Las Bolsas, and Los Alamitos. “ In succession of the real estate transactions, portions of the land within Rancho Los Cerritos owned by John Temple were sold to Flint, Bixby and company in 1866, and eventually, parts were sold off in lots to settlers and speculators who formed colonies. The first of these colonies in Long Beach area was the Los Cerritos Colony tract near willow street and Pico Avenue.
- 103. Settled in 1878by James A Teal, it was also the site of the cerritos school, the first of its kind in the area” ( Schipske 2015:9). 36. Eric D. Stein, Shawna Dark, Travis Longcore, Nicholas Hall, Michael Beland, Robin Grossinger, Jason Casanova, and Martha Sutula. 2007. Historical Ecology and Landscape of the San Gabriel River and Floodplain. SCCWRP Technical Report 499. This report talks about how California has recently begun to be very active in the management, restoration and protection of what is left of our historic wetlands. And to do that there needed to be some delving into historical ecology to understand what contributed to declines in the past to help prevention of declines in the present. This would help with restoration and preservation. I was mainly interested in the historical maps to see where the estuaries used to be to pinpoint what used to be there before there was a power plant in the area. 37. Larry Strawther. 2014. Seal Beach: A Brief History. The History Press This book is for the most part about the history of Seal Beach, but it runs very close to our area of research so I thought it would have some useful information and it did. First it had some useful maps that showed where the flooding took place on the San Gabriel River from the late 1800’s to 1938 when the flooding was controlled. And even better we found that when looking more into the book Seal Beach: A Brief History, we found that the last four thousand feet of the San Gabriel River was straightened and encased in rock in 1931. According to this book the straightening of the San Gabriel River was complete before the last major flooding of the river occurred and before the leveeing of the river began in 1938. 38. OC Tribune Staff. 2014. The Vegas of the 20’s: Seal Beach. Retrieved November 4, 2015, from http://orangecountytribune.com/2014/04/04/thevegasofthe20ssealbeach/ Although this was not the area we were looking at this was the little community at the bottom of the San Gabriel River that needed to be gone in order for the straightening of the river to be complete. This area was known as “Joy Zone Amusement Park”. It was opened in 1916 and was considered to be the Las Vegas of the 1920’s. Unfortunately with the great depression it began to decline in popularity. Although on the other side of it (Anaheim Landing) because prohibition, there was also a port that was good drop off spot of bootlegged alcohol.
- 104. 39. Colleen Fliedner.2006. Seal Beach. Retrieved November 4, 2015, from http://www.ocregister.com/articles/beach7236sealcity.html Again talking about “Joy Zone” and how it was quite popular, especially with Hollywood crowd. Although 1929, with the stock market crash and the ensuing Great Depression it was no longer able to stay open. Many building had ended up falling into disrepair and the roller coaster then burning down. Then in 1944 the Naval Base took over part of it house ammunition 40. Edgar C. Kenyon, Jr. 1950. History of Ocean Outlets, Los Angeles County Flood Control District. Retrieved November 4, 2015, from https://icceojstamu.tdl.org/icce/index.php/icce/article/viewFile/934/031_Kenyon During the time from around 1868, when the San Gabriel River cut a new channel to the ocean, to 1931, the outlet migrated down coast around 2800 ft. Around this time that outlet reached a low bluff and the Los Angeles Gas and Electric built a steam electric generating plant in 1925. During the late 1920s the Flood Control District began the straightening and widening of the channel. In 1930, there was a certain amount of oil wells that was located in the area adjacent to Alamitos Bay and they were damaged due to inundation from flooding. 41. Flood Curb Job Nears End: Early Completion of San Gabriel River Seen With Approval of Plans for Unit No. 6. 1933. Los Angeles Times, pg. A3. Retrieved November 13, 2015, from http://search.proquest.com/hnplatimes/docview/163143042/A676A30BCE844562PQ/11?acc ountid=10352 There was a project that was occurring to help the prevention of the flooding at the mouth of the river. This total cost of this project was $1,000,000. It was to protect the parts of the river that experience the most major of the flooding. Are Combined Against River: San Gabriel Drainage Men Ask Assistance; Chamber of Commerce Petitioned to Investigate Situation and Send Telegram to Southern California Congressmen, Indorsing Stand Taken for Protection from Floods. 1911. Los Angeles Times, pg.17. Retrieved December 2, 2015, from http://search.proquest.com.mimas.calstatela.edu/hnplatimes/docview/159573264/471475216588 4B2EPQ/7?accountid=10352 There was a meeting held in July of 1911 where the city of El Monte wanted to form a San Gabriel River storm drainage district, which would extend from the San Gabriel mountains to the
- 105. ocean. There hasbeen some major opposition from the ranchers in the area though, as they have spent a considerable amount of money to protect their land. The ranchers had their own meeting mentioning that they had collectively contributed $20,000 straightening the river in the Whittier area with material that was already on the ground. Their efforts have extended over three miles and have straightened 17 curves of the river into a straight course. And although their efforts were appreciated the Organization Committee of the San Gabriel River storm drainage sent a letter to their chamber of commerce stating that there was too much silt being deposited into the San Pedro harbor from the San Gabriel River and that the silt deposits with either be greatly lessened or stopped altogether. 43. Very Expensive: Estimated Cost of the Proposed River Work. A Comprehensive Report Prepared by the Commission of Civil Engineers. The Result of a Careful Survey of the Beds of the Los Angeles and San Gabriel RiversA Big Project. 1894. Los Angeles Times, pg. 5. Retrieved December 2, 2015, from http://search.proquest.com.mimas.calstatela.edu/hnplatimes/docview/163698894/7E3B11E FD88148E8PQ/2?accountid=10352 In 1894 the need to protect the settlers around the San Gabriel River and Los Angeles River was great because of the constant flooding and a lot of valuable soil is also washed away. So the Commission of Civil Engineers prepared a report for the city that stated what was wrong with the San Gabriel River (and Los Angeles River) and what the cost for the straightening of these rivers. With everything that needed to be done, the total estimated cost to fix the rivers was $2,761,440. With inflation, in 2015 the cost is actually $76,706,666. 44. Bixby Becomes Head of Big Corporation. 1907. Los Angeles Herald, pg. 9. Retrieved December 2, 2015, from http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgibin/cdnc?a=d&d=LAH19070314.2.130&srpos=1&e=en201txt txINBixby+Becomes+the+Big+Head+of+Corporation1 March 13, 1907 George Bixby, son of Jotham Bixby, is elected president of the Los Angeles Dock and Terminal Company, although there is urging from the locals for the company to be renamed to the Long Beach Dock and Terminal Company. The dredger that was built for the Dock and Terminal Company arrives in the Long Beach harbor and will be dragged through the Wilmington Lagoon and Cerritos Slough. The straightening of the Cerritos Slough was officially ordered, from the San Gabriel River to where it flows to in the Dock and Terminal Company. There was another ordinance put through to widen the Cerritos Slough between the San Gabriel River and Wilmington Bay.
- 106. 45. To BuildLarge Pleasure Resort: Plan to Make Alamitos Bay Queen of Beaches. 1905. Los Angeles Herald, pg. 4. Retrieved December 2, 2015, from http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgibin/cdnc?a=d&d=LAH19050106.2.54&srpos=2&e=en201txtt xINLos+Alamitos+San+Gabriel+River1 There were plans to build a resort in Alamitos Bay, which is right on the San Gabriel River. Which means that this resort would have amenities that the river would offer such as fishing, swimming, boating and duck shooting. There were also plans for a casino to be built in the area. There were plans to make Alamitos Bay the “Queen of Beaches”. Unsure if the plan of this resort ever became a reality. 46.http://www.gazettes.com/news/aesstartsprocesstoreplacealamitospowerplant/article_da8 a07688de511e38b550019bb2963f4.html Web. 26 October 2015 Found this article one how AES is going to replace the old Los Alamitos Power Plant. The reason that the city feel that this power plant should be replaced because the city has found a new way too cool the water that flows into the power plant. Also environmentalist have found evidence that this power plant is destroying the ecosystem and the marine environment. Furthermore, with the power plant gone then the ecosystem and marine environment can heal and the old vegetation and animals would return making it a better environment for the organism and animals that occupy the area but it would be a wonderful learning experience and opportunity for the surrounding community as well. According to the city planning the plant will no longer operate in the year 2020 and is trying to find a more helpful and useful way of cooling the water instead of using the water from the pacific ocean. This article also states that the power plant conversion to aircooled power plants is being required by the state Water Resources Control Board as a water quality measure, because other power plants have adopted this method in some form or fashion. (Thought this article may be helpful) 47.www.waterboards.ca.gov/losangeles/water_issues/programs/tdml Web. 26 October 2015 This article sheds light the issues with water waste and polluted water. According to this article water pollution is a big issues for the environment and for the community. In this document it is said that that chemicals that are being released from the power plant has materials that cannot be cleaned or filtered in a proper manner and is beginning to find its way into the drinking water source, but also is eliminating some of the organisms that are naturally found in the estuary and ocean and not enough is being done to stop this type of pollution from happening. This document also mentions some of the permits that had to be in place in order for buildings and residential areas to be in place for the protection of the estuary and waterways. With some of the permits that were used have been found to not really protect the estuaries and waterways but completely have the opposite effect. In other words these permits were said to have been to protect the environment but really they were used to help build in areas where the environment would be
- 107. affected but thoughtthat no real loss would happen. Furthermore, this document also discloses information about restoration. 48.https://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/project_pages/OTC/engineering%20study/Chapter_7F _HaynesGeneratingStation.pdf Web. 27 October 2015 This document gives information on the history of the Los Alamitos Power Plant (AES) and who also owns part of the power plant Haynes Generating Station as well as former owner Pacific Energy. According to this document the AES power plant was built in 1964 and was built to provide more energy to the new and growing cities in and around the Long Beach area. The history of this plant also includes a time of how Edison played a major role in the AES power plant because it was first owned by Edison and then taken over by AES. In this time it also discussed where the first Edison plant was placed and how it moved along Southern California providing energy and electricity to the cities. The time line starts in Los Angles, and moves about to every county in Southern California and the history of each county that it has made an impact on. This document also has about legislation and codes that was put into place to help protect the environment but also the community, such as the Clean Water Act section 36(b). Furthermore, the document discloses information about conceptual design as well as size, location, piping, environmental effect, air emissions and permit compliance. 48.http://www.gswater.com/protectingourdrinkingwater/ Web. 27 October 2015 When looking up information on the San Gabriel River in my internet search this web site gave some information on the Golden State Water Company and how they assist with crossconnection water ways, and I thought that this might be helpful. 49.http://www.energy.ca.gov/sitingcases/alamitos/ Web. 27 October 2015 This site gives information on the site and what the facility entails. Moreover, gives information about The California Energy Commission, and the California Environmental Quality Act. 50. http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/News/Pages/LongBeach.aspx Web. 27 October 2015 This document is about the 1933 Long Beach earthquake that took place on March 10 and how it destroyed parts of Long Beach as well as its neighboring cities. According to its history the earthquake could be felt in Newport to as far as Inglewood. Not only did the 1933 Earthquake damage other cities that border Long Beach but the damage in Long Beach was so costly that some parts of the city was not able to rebuild and the government had to help assist with the damage cost to rebuild parts of the city. The cost of damage was approximately 50 million dollars. Because of the extent of the damages the state proposed two pieces of legislation. First was the Field Act. This act states requires that the building designs be based on highlevel building standards adopted by the state and that plans and specifications be prepared by competent designers qualified by state registration. The quality of construction was to be
- 108. enforced through independentplan review and independent inspection (http://www.conservation.ca.gov/). I picked this article because if the Field Act only pertained to buildings that were built after 1933 then this may have been a piece of legislation that may have impacted the Los Alamitos power plant. 51.http://www.lbwater.org/sites/default/files/file_attach/pdf/LBWDHistoryPre1945.PDF Web. 1 November 2015 This document is about Long Beach Water Department history pre1945. This document contains history on were the first water company was established, how it was established, where it was established and who were the first people to help pipe water into Long Beach Township. This document also contains information about land ownership exchanges. Within these titles of transfers it also mentions how much was given for the property and how big the property was for a certain amount of money. Furthermore, the document also discuss how and when the first power plant was need and what time period did it take place. In this article it also give information on how land was given to their children and how it was passed down to the next generation and what that generation had accomplished with the lands that were given. This document also goes into detail about the Los Alamitos Water Company, Los Alamitos Steam Plant, and the Recreation Park Pant and how these plants were the foundation to providing water and electricity to its residents. These three plants were the first water plants in Long Beach but who also helped piped water in from the San Gabriel River into Long Beach. This is a great article for Los Alamitos research. 52.http://www.lbwater.org/sites/default/files/file_attach/pdf/history.pdf Web. 1 November 2015 This document provides information about the Long Beach Water Department history from 1945 to 2000. In this document provides details about how the Water Department was able to help fund and provide materials during WW2. One of the main materials that the Water Department would be providing is steel to help make boom cases, trucks and other such thing that required steel. This document also mention how in this time the power plant was the number 1 means of financial gains and support for many women and men. This article also talks about how it hired many women to work for the company and how it allowed women in this time to contribute to the war but also to society and was seen as a time of strength and power that was need for our country to succeed in the war. Furthermore, this document goes further into detail about new boards of commissions and city involvement, and how to protect and use the water in Long Beach and other areas such as Los Alamitos for the betterment of the cities and communities. Also the document give a year to year timeline and explanation of what occurred during 1945 to 2000. 53.http://www.lbwater.org/sites/default/files/file_attach/pdf/history2012%20smaller%20version. pdf Web. 1 November 2015
- 109. This document coversthe history of the Long Beach Water Department from 20002011. This document discuss the new plans for the Long Beach Water Department and how it plans to operate in the future and make a better impact on the community and environment around the area. Within this document it provides information on how it will teach the new generation to be more efficient and knowledgeable of the environment and the communities that they provide a resource to. In this article the Long Beach Water Department tell how they plan on making a more eco friendly facility so that they can cut down on air pollution and water waste so that the marine environments will not suffer at the expense of old technology. This document mostly focuses on the area of Long Beach primarily. This document primarily give information on what new projects that occur during these years. Some of the new projects that the Long Beach Water Department will working is converting the old cool through water system to a new and better method that does not need the use of water any longer and is safer for the environment and the marine habitats as well. This document was part of a set of the historical information about the city of Long Beach (not sure if it’s useful). 54.http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdfs/permits/capowerplants_lbgs.pdf Web. 4 November 2015 This document give the history of the Long Beach Power Plant. This document states that the history of the power plant has been in operation since 1977. The site has a history of power plants for almost the last 100 years. The intake structure of the plant consists of a single area within the Cerritos Channel in the Port of Long Beach along with two individual pipes serving the two steam units at the site; and also stating that the pipes are at an approximate depth of 64 feet and flow directly into rotating cleansing screens and then continue on to the condensers in the plant. The outfall structure is a single pipe located in Cerritos Channel of the Long Beach Harbor at an approximate depth of 35 feet. The document also talks about temperature and structure of the power plant. This document states that the temperature differential of the water from the intake structure to the outfall structure is approximately 20 degrees. Furthermore, the document elaborates on the building and other permits that are needed to keep the facility running. The document states that the LBGS NPDES permit with the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) allows a maximum combined discharge volume of 526 MGD of oncethrough cooling water. 55.http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/ocean/cwa316/docs/cwa316_may08/scope_ doc031808.pdf Web. 4 November 2015 Water Quality Control Policy on the Use of Coastal and Estuarine Waters For Power Plant Cooling: article is about the annually, thermal electric power plants take in billions of gallons of water for cooling and, in the process, impinge and entrain enormous numbers of fish and aquatic organisms. This background also states how and what it effects are on the community and the environment. Furthermore, in the background information states that in California alone, it is estimated that coastal and estuarine power plants impinge 9 million and entrain 79 billion fish
- 110. and other organismson an annual basis. With this information it shows how power plants are destroying the ecosystem and the environment. The Clean Water Act of 1972 is another important aspect that this article goes over in detail and the article discusses the required location, design, construction, and capacity of cooling water intake structures reflect the best technology for minimizing adverse environmental impact. This article also talks about the goals and proposed projects that they see in the near future and how they plan on accomplishing these goals for the sake of the environment and the nearby communities. Then the article further explains the impact the power plant has on the environment. 56.http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/losangeles/water_issues/programs/regional_program/Water_ Quality_and_Watersheds/los_cerritos_channel/Los_Cerritos_Watershed.pdf Web. 7 November 2015 This small article provides information on the minor hydraulic connection between the lower San Gabriel River and Los Cerritos Channel due to the location of a power plant intake with the Long Beach Marina; and the discharge from this facility is into the San Gabriel River estuary. Along with this information there is a map provided along the side so that area of interest can be seen and found. This document also provides information about the significant issues and beneficial uses in watershed. In the article some of the benefits that are discussed is Contact & noncontact, wildlife habitat, water recreation and, industrial service supply. Also some navigation intermittent uses such as, commercial and sport fishing, noncontact water estuarine habitat, recreation marine habitat and warm water habitat along with wildlife habitat preservation of rare and endangered species.