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Akrilat se sastoji od praha (polimer) i od tečnosti
(monomer). Odnos praha i tečnosti je 3:1.
Kada se odredi količina tečnosti u nju se usipa
tačno određena količina praha. Kad se zasiti,
meša se lopaticom od nerđajućeg čelika u čistoj
posudi, i to najbolje od porculana ili stakla.
Meša se približno 1minut, i ostavi pokriveno 7-8
minuta.
Zamešana smesa prolazi kroz nekoliko faza:
 Prva faza: smesa je granularna ili zrnasta; ima
izgled vlažnog peska, zrnca su još razdvojena
 Druga faza:vrlo lepljiva masa, lepi se za
zidove posude
 Treća faza: faza testa, radna faza, ne lepi se za
zidove posude, testaste je konzistencije, sjajne
površine i naizgled homogena
 Četvrta faza: monomer nestaje iz mešavine,
akrilat gubi plastičnost
 Peta faza: faza očvršćivanja; dolazi do
polimerizacije
Ako se smesa upotrebljava pre radne faze, suviše je
tečna što dovodi do poroznosti gotovog rada.
Ako se primenjuje nakon radne faze, smesa je
čvrsta i žilava, što otežava rad.
Nedostaci akrilata:
 Poroznost akrilata
 Rezidualni monomer
 Unutrašnja napetost
 Apsorpcija vode
Poroznost akrilata
-nastaje zbog stvaranja malih šupljina u
polimeriziranom akrilatu.
Razlikujemo: kontrakcijsku i granularnu poroznost.
Kontrakcijska poroznost nastaje kao posledica
nedovoljne mase akrilata u kiveti pri
polimerizaciji. Na površini proteze nastaju
beličaste pege.
Granularna poroznost nastaje ako mešavina
polimera i monomera nisu same po sebi
homogene ili zbog naknadnog dodavanja
monomera već zamešanoj količini testa.
Rezidualni ili zaostali monomer
-je monomer koji se nije polimerizovao nakon
završenog procesa polimerizacije. Njegova
količina zavisi od vrste akrilata, trajanju
polimerizacije i temperaturi na kojoj se sprovodi
polimerizacija. Rezidualni monomer ima uticaj
na fizikalna, mehanička,estetska i biološka
svojstva gotove proteze.
Tokom obrade i poliranja izgubit će se znatna
količina monomera, a nakon završene obrade i
poliranja protezu treba staviti u hladnu vodu.
Unutrašnja napetost
-tokom rada s akrilatom u njemu dolazi do
promena koje utiču na kvalitet materijala i na
ponašanje proteze u ustima. Te promene
izazivaju stvaranje unutrašnje napetosti u
akrilatu, te kao posledica nastaje deformacija
proteze i osetljivost proteze na lom.
Apsorpcija vode
-akrilat apsorbuje vodu tokom procesa
polimerizacije i tokom nošenja proteze.
Apsorbovana voda u akrilatu slabi fizička
svojstva akrilata. Apsorbovana voda ima i
pozitivan učinak, jer omogućuje akrilatu da se
oslobodi unutrašnje napetosti
AKRILAT I PROMENE U USNOJ ŠUPLJINI
 Mehanički nadražaj
-nastaje zbog loše prilagođene baze na sluzokožu
alveolarnog grebena
-zbog loše okluzije
Ako proteza ne leži mirno i ravnomerno na
alveolarnom grebenu, dolazi do preopterećenja
sluznice, a posledica je pojava dekubitusa.
Nepravilan rad s akrilatom ima za posledicu
deformaciju baze.
 Hemijski nadražaj
-nastaje zbog delovanja nevezanog monomera koji
na sluznici izaziva upalne pomjene.
 Termička reakcija
-akrilat je toplotni izolator, tj. onemogućuje
odvođenje toplote sa sluzokože. Pojedini pacijenti
imaju osećaj žarenja i pečenja ispod protezne
ploče.
 Alergijska reakcija
-vrlo je rietka. U slučaju dokazane alergije
pacijentu se izrađuje proteza od metala.

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Akrilat .pdf

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. Akrilat se sastoji od praha (polimer) i od tečnosti (monomer). Odnos praha i tečnosti je 3:1. Kada se odredi količina tečnosti u nju se usipa tačno određena količina praha. Kad se zasiti, meša se lopaticom od nerđajućeg čelika u čistoj posudi, i to najbolje od porculana ili stakla. Meša se približno 1minut, i ostavi pokriveno 7-8 minuta.
  • 5. Zamešana smesa prolazi kroz nekoliko faza:  Prva faza: smesa je granularna ili zrnasta; ima izgled vlažnog peska, zrnca su još razdvojena  Druga faza:vrlo lepljiva masa, lepi se za zidove posude
  • 6.  Treća faza: faza testa, radna faza, ne lepi se za zidove posude, testaste je konzistencije, sjajne površine i naizgled homogena  Četvrta faza: monomer nestaje iz mešavine, akrilat gubi plastičnost  Peta faza: faza očvršćivanja; dolazi do polimerizacije
  • 7. Ako se smesa upotrebljava pre radne faze, suviše je tečna što dovodi do poroznosti gotovog rada. Ako se primenjuje nakon radne faze, smesa je čvrsta i žilava, što otežava rad.
  • 8. Nedostaci akrilata:  Poroznost akrilata  Rezidualni monomer  Unutrašnja napetost  Apsorpcija vode
  • 9. Poroznost akrilata -nastaje zbog stvaranja malih šupljina u polimeriziranom akrilatu. Razlikujemo: kontrakcijsku i granularnu poroznost.
  • 10. Kontrakcijska poroznost nastaje kao posledica nedovoljne mase akrilata u kiveti pri polimerizaciji. Na površini proteze nastaju beličaste pege. Granularna poroznost nastaje ako mešavina polimera i monomera nisu same po sebi homogene ili zbog naknadnog dodavanja monomera već zamešanoj količini testa.
  • 11. Rezidualni ili zaostali monomer -je monomer koji se nije polimerizovao nakon završenog procesa polimerizacije. Njegova količina zavisi od vrste akrilata, trajanju polimerizacije i temperaturi na kojoj se sprovodi polimerizacija. Rezidualni monomer ima uticaj na fizikalna, mehanička,estetska i biološka svojstva gotove proteze.
  • 12. Tokom obrade i poliranja izgubit će se znatna količina monomera, a nakon završene obrade i poliranja protezu treba staviti u hladnu vodu.
  • 13. Unutrašnja napetost -tokom rada s akrilatom u njemu dolazi do promena koje utiču na kvalitet materijala i na ponašanje proteze u ustima. Te promene izazivaju stvaranje unutrašnje napetosti u akrilatu, te kao posledica nastaje deformacija proteze i osetljivost proteze na lom.
  • 14. Apsorpcija vode -akrilat apsorbuje vodu tokom procesa polimerizacije i tokom nošenja proteze. Apsorbovana voda u akrilatu slabi fizička svojstva akrilata. Apsorbovana voda ima i pozitivan učinak, jer omogućuje akrilatu da se oslobodi unutrašnje napetosti
  • 15. AKRILAT I PROMENE U USNOJ ŠUPLJINI  Mehanički nadražaj -nastaje zbog loše prilagođene baze na sluzokožu alveolarnog grebena -zbog loše okluzije
  • 16. Ako proteza ne leži mirno i ravnomerno na alveolarnom grebenu, dolazi do preopterećenja sluznice, a posledica je pojava dekubitusa. Nepravilan rad s akrilatom ima za posledicu deformaciju baze.
  • 17.  Hemijski nadražaj -nastaje zbog delovanja nevezanog monomera koji na sluznici izaziva upalne pomjene.  Termička reakcija -akrilat je toplotni izolator, tj. onemogućuje odvođenje toplote sa sluzokože. Pojedini pacijenti imaju osećaj žarenja i pečenja ispod protezne ploče.
  • 18.  Alergijska reakcija -vrlo je rietka. U slučaju dokazane alergije pacijentu se izrađuje proteza od metala.