The document discusses several issues related to HIV/AIDS and domestic violence in India. It notes that around 2.3 million people in India are currently living with HIV, with infection rates increasing throughout the 1990s. Stopping the spread of HIV/AIDS is necessary for sustainable development in India given its large population. The document also discusses that an estimated 4 million women in India experience domestic violence each year, which is the leading cause of injury for women aged 15-44. Non-governmental organizations play an important role in educating people about HIV/AIDS prevention and supporting domestic violence survivors.

1. Issues on
HIV/ AIDS,
domestic
violence

2. HIV / AIDS
• It is estimated that around 2.3 million people are currently living with HIV. HIV emerged
later in India than it did in several other countries. Infection rates soared throughout the
1990s, and today the endemic affects all sectors of Indian society, not just the groups –
such as sex workers and truck drivers – with which it was initially associated. In a country
where illiteracy, poverty and poor health are rife, the spread of HIV presents a daunting
challenge.

3. HIV/AIDS - India
• HIV/AIDS is a major concern for developing countries global. Lack of
education, poor nutrition and inadequate health care, linked with great
poverty, make people in the poorest countries most vulnerable to
HIV/AIDS. The HIV/AIDS pandemic is growing quickly every year,
resulting in NGOs working across a wide range of issues continuously
having to contend with an ever-increasing number of people in need of
their assistance

4. SDG and HIV/
AIDS
Stopping the spread of HIV/AIDS is necessary for
sustainable development. The huge size of India
makes it difficult to examine the effects of HIV on
the country as a whole. The majority of states
within India have a higher population than most
African countries, so a more detailed picture of the
emergency can be gained by looking at each state
individually.

5. Prevention of AIDS
• Prevention of AIDS which is spread largely through sexual
communication calls for every possible effort to be made to educate and
inform as many people as possible. Non-Government organizations by
virtue of their strengths of commitment, vigour, will, time and concern,
are better placed to inform and educate the people and masses.

6. NACO
• The National AIDS Control Organization established in June 1992 for
the coordination of NACP activities is in the procedure of developing a
true partnership with Non-Government Organizations to fight the
epidemic of AIDS that is threatening the country. The intentional Plan for
the Prevention and Control of AIDS in India has recommended a
strategy for involvement and collaborating with NGOs. The process of
selection of these NGOs in India to be flexible and transparent.

11. • Domestic violence statistics estimate that about 4 million women each year are
subjected to abuse committed by their male partners. It is the leading cause of
serious injury to women between the ages of 15 and 44, and more than 30
percent of women murdered each year are killed by a former husband or
boyfriend. Unfortunately, statistics regarding domestic violence committed by
women against their male partners, and within same-sex partnerships, are
scarce, as these individuals are less likely to report such acts due to fear of
ridicule. While substance abuse and the stresses of poverty contribute to the
prevalence of domestic violence, it occurs in all cultural, socioeconomic,
educational, and religious environments.

12. Emotional Abuse
Involves the destruction of a
person’s self worth or self
esteem. Acts of emotional abuse
include name-calling, constant
criticism, disparaging an
individual’s abilities and talents,
and damaging an individual’s
relationship with his or her
children.

13. Psychological
Abuse
Involves creating fear and a
sense of isolation and
helplessness. Acts of
psychological abuse include
causing fear through intimidation,
threatening to harm a spouse,
partner, children, family, friends,
pets, or self. Also, intentionally
isolating a person from family,
friends, school, work, and
extracurricular activities.

14. Economic Abuse
Involves exerting control over
another individual by maintaining
total control of financial
resources, withholding a
partner’s access to money or
financial assets, or hindering or
forbidding employment or
education.

16. • SNEHA is a non-profit organisation that works with women, children and
public health and safety systems. Our innovative work in urban informal
settlements aims to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality and
morbidity, child malnutrition and gender-based violence.

17. • In the early 1990’s, neonatologist Dr. Armida Fernandez and her team
were routinely caring for underweight and premature infants born into
low-income households. These households often faced poor nutritional
and health outcomes, especially among mothers and children. Dr.
Fernandez and her team wanted to develop sustainable interventions
that would go beyond simply providing stopgap solutions.
•

18. • They spent time in Mumbai’s low-income settlements, learning about
the compounding challenges of lack of information, resources and
access to quality health services. SNEHA was thus established in 1999
to work on the twin goals of improving health-seeking behaviour among
underserved communities and improving quality of public health
services

20. work
Programme aims to prevent and address violence at four levels of
society. Our approach embodies gender-transformative change,
rights and women-centred intervention.
• Individual
• Community
• Institutions
• Public policy

21. Individual
• We assist individuals on a case-by-case basis through our five Mumbai
crisis centres and four public hospital women’s outpatient departments.
These centres provide immediate and long-term counselling for
survivors of violence and facilitate access to medical, legal and police
services.

22. Community
• We work to empower communities to support individuals in cases of
violence. Our community-based women volunteers monitor the safety of
women and children in their area, provide emotional support and
connect women to crisis intervention services.

23. Institutions
• We train and sensitize police, staff of municipal
hospitals and legal aid lawyers to deal more
effectively with cases of violence.

24. Public Policy
• We advocate for public policies that can
enhance institutional response to domestic
violence. This includes effective implementation
of the Protection for Women against Domestic
Violence Act, 2005 and Protection of Children
against Sexual Offences, 2012.

26. Partnerships
• Since 2015, we have been working with the non-
profit organisation, Ekjut, to adapt our gender-
based violence prevention model to rural and
urban Jharkhand. This project covers 22
villages, and the city of Ranchi. Together with
Ekjut, we have researched and developed new
methods for the identification of and response to
violence in these 23 locations. These include
working with women’s groups, government
health systems, and law and order systems.

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