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Agriculture gr6.pptx · version 1.pptx
- 1. SHARMAIN A. CORPUZ TLE Teacher Importance of Planting/Propagating Trees and Fruit-bearing Trees and Marketing Seedlings TLE6AG0a-1
- 4. Agriculture -is the science of farming, including cultivation of soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food and other products.
- 7. What are the importance of planting and propagating trees and fruit-bearing trees?
- 8. Marketing Seedlings The 4 P’s of Marketing •Product •Price •Promotion •Placement http://www2.ca.uky.edu/HLA/Dunwell/marketingyournursery.html
- 9. How do you market the seedlings?
- 10. True or False: ___ 1. Fruit-bearing trees are the best source of lumber. ___ 2. Promotional strategy is used in marketing the seedlings. ___ 3. Trees contribute to the environment by preserving soil, and supporting wildlife. ___ 4. Trees have supported and sustained life throughout our existence. ___ 5. Marketing of a nursery can be broken down by using the 4 P’s; Product, Price, Premonition and Placement.
- 11. KEY TO CORRECTION 1. FALSE 2. TRUE 3. TRUE 4. TRUE 5. FALSE
- 12. Assignment: Draw or paste pictures of trees and fruit-bearing trees in your drawing book.
- 13. REFERENCES • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lzo0NWRtPic (BUS HONK) • https://www.onlinevideoconverter.com/success?id=c2c2e4a0j9d3a0i8c2 (VIDEO CONVERTER) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQwuog7_wmg (Importance of Trees-Song) • Pictures from Google images • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a44NFSiIn54 (THE PLANTING SONG) • http://www.savatree.com/whytrees.html (Importance & Values of Trees) • http://www2.ca.uky.edu/HLA/Dunwell/marketingyournursery.html (Marketing Strategy)
Editor's Notes
- Ask any one from the members of the class to tell something about the word “Agriculture”. From latin word agrikultura
- Ask any one from the members of the class to tell something about the word “Agriculture”. From latin word agrikultura
- Identify some trees and fruit trees available in the community.
- Discuss the importance of planting and propagating trees and fruit trees. Importance and Value of Trees Since the beginning, trees have furnished us with two of life's essentials, food and oxygen. As we evolved, they provided additional necessities such as shelter, medicine, and tools. Today, their value continues to increase and more benefits of trees are being discovered as their role expands to satisfy the needs created by our modern lifestyles. Community and Social Value Trees are an important part of every community. Our streets, parks, playgrounds and backyards are lined with trees that create a peaceful, aesthetically pleasing environment. Trees increase our quality of life by bringing natural elements and wildlife habitats into urban settings. We gather under the cool shade they provide during outdoor activities with family and friends. Many neighborhoods are also the home of very old trees that serve as historic landmarks and a great source of town pride. Using trees in cities to deflect the sunlight reduces the heat island effect caused by pavement and commercial buildings. Ecological and Environmental Value Trees contribute to their environment by providing oxygen, improving air quality, climate amelioration, conserving water, preserving soil, and supporting wildlife. During the process of photosynthesis, trees take in carbon dioxide and produce the oxygen we breathe. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, "One acre of forest absorbs six tons of carbon dioxide and puts out four tons of oxygen. This is enough to meet the annual needs of 18 people." Trees, shrubs and turf also filter air by removing dust and absorbing other pollutants like carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. After trees intercept unhealthy particles, rain washes them to the ground. Trees control climate by moderating the effects of the sun, rain and wind. Leaves absorb and filter the sun's radiant energy, keeping things cool in summer. Trees also preserve warmth by providing a screen from harsh wind. In addition to influencing wind speed and direction, they shield us from the downfall of rain, sleet and hail. Trees also lower the air temperature and reduce the heat intensity of the greenhouse effect by maintaining low levels of carbon dioxide. Both above and below ground, trees are essential to the eco-systems in which they reside. Far reaching roots hold soil in place and fight erosion. Trees absorb and store rainwater which reduce runoff and sediment deposit after storms. This helps the ground water supply recharge, prevents the transport of chemicals into streams and prevents flooding. Fallen leaves make excellent compost that enriches soil. Many animals, including elephants, koalas and giraffes eat leaves for nourishment. Flowers are eaten by monkeys, and nectar is a favorite of birds, bats and many insects. Animals also eat much of the same fruit that we enjoy This process helps disperse seeds over great distances. Of course, hundreds of living creatures call trees their home. Leaf-covered branches keep many animals, such as birds and squirrels, out of the reach of predators. Personal and Spiritual Value The main reason we like trees is because they are both beautiful and majestic. No two are alike. Different species display a seemingly endless variety of shapes, forms, textures and vibrant colors. Even individual trees vary their appearance throughout the course of the year as the seasons change. The strength, long lifespan and regal stature of trees give them a monument-like quality. Most of us react to the presence of trees with a pleasant, relaxed, comfortable feeling. In fact, many people plant trees as living memorials of life-changing events. Trees help record the history of your family as they grow and develop alongside you and your kids. We often make an emotional connection with trees we plant or become personally attached to the ones that we see every day. These strong bonds are evidenced by the hundreds of groups and organizations across the country that go to great lengths to protect and save particularly large or historic trees from the dangers of modern development. How many of your childhood memories include the trees in your backyard or old neighborhood? The sentimental value of a special tree is simply immeasurable. Practical and Commercial Value Trees have supported and sustained life throughout our existence. They have a wide variety of practical and commercial uses. Wood was the very first fuel, and is still used for cooking and heating by about half of the world's population. Trees provide timber for building construction, furniture manufacture, tools, sporting equipment, and thousands of household items. Wood pulp is used to make paper. We are all aware of apples, oranges and the countless other fruits and nuts provided by trees, as well as the tasty syrup of North American sugar maples. But did you know the bark of some trees can be made into cork and is a source of chemicals and medicines? Quinine and aspirin are both made from bark extracts. The inner bark of some trees contains latex, the main ingredient of rubber. How many more uses can you name? Property Value and Economic Value Individual trees and shrubs have value and contribute to savings, but it is the collective influence of a well-maintained landscape that makes a real economic impact and has the greatest effect on property value. Direct economic benefits come from a savings in energy costs. Cooling costs are reduced in a tree-shaded home, and heating costs lowered when a tree serves as a windbreak. According to the USDA Forest Service, "Trees properly placed around buildings can reduce air conditioning needs by 30% and save 20-50 percent in energy used for heating." Property values of homes with well-maintained landscapes are up to 20% higher than others. Here are some eye-opening facts and statistics regarding the effect of healthy trees and shrubs: - See more at: http://www.savatree.com/whytrees.html#sthash.5YGG5h31.dpuf
- http://www2.ca.uky.edu/HLA/Dunwell/marketingyournursery.html (TEACHERS READING MATERIAL) Marketing Your Nursery By Jeremy Griffith There have been many businesses over the years that have had great products that people would love to consume, yet those businesses failed miserably. Why? No marketing. To be successful in the nursery business isn’t just growing the plants, you must also let everyone know about the business and how your product is superior to the already available products in the trade. First and foremost, every business must have a plan to market the product. A marketing plan involves two simple questions: What or who is your market? How will you identify your product(s) to the market? There are many ways to approach these questions with essentially the same results. A common method in developing a marketing plan is to complete a market analysis. This analysis will help you identify your target market. You must ask yourself, “What is the potential of sales for your product (plants) in your area? Where are the customers located? Will you be selling your nursery stock locally, regionally, nationally?” Below is an example of identifying your target market. Grower #1 has a large wholesale nursery business. He produces quality stock that is as good if not better than any producer in his area. Yet, every year he seems to have 25-40% of his stock left in inventory and less room for new plants the coming spring. This grower sells exclusively to retail nurseries in a large city outside his area, where in the past he has had no trouble selling his stock. Who is Grower #1’s target market and should he seek new customers? Answer: The target market for grower #1 is obviously retail nurseries in the city. But should this be his only target market? No. He is losing business, so he must branch out and identify a new market in order to increase his sales. Grower #1 finds out through research that no one in his area is supplying nursery stock to retail outlets, and that all stock comes from outside suppliers. The nurseries in his area aren’t aware that he even exists; no marketing was directed in his own town. He is aware that shipping and freight have increased dramatically over the years, and businesses could save money just by purchasing locally grown stock. His new additional target market is local nurseries, so how does he make them aware? Define Competition Knowing the competition of your business is essential in developing a marketing strategy. Competition is defined as any other product or brand that a customer may buy instead of the one that is being sold. Competition in the nursery industry may come not only from other tree and shrub producers in the field but from container production, bedding plants and perennial production as well. Understanding what other growers are producing for the market will help to develop a better position for your products and/or services. By developing a competitive analysis one can find out the kinds of products that will sell in the industry, along with pricing strategies and promotions that are necessary for keeping the customer interested in what you do. After the competition is analyzed and identified, you must find a way to set yourself aside from the rest. In marketing terms, you must find your niche. A niche is defined as a specific situation that is suited to one’s character or abilities. In the corporate world, to get the edge on your competition one must have a product or service that others perceive as different from everything else offered, while also fulfilling the wants and needs of consumers better than any other product or service. In the nursery industry there is no real difference. In order to successfully develop a niche, one must determine what it is about your product that makes them better than everyone else’s. Is it quality, selection, lowest price, fastest service; what defines your nursery? For example, a wholesale nursery grower offers basically the same selection you would find at any other nursery, with the exception of one group of plants; Japanese maples. His Japanese maple production began as a hobby until one of his regular customers brought to his attention that the cultivars he had where next to impossible to find locally, that they were available through mail order only. This grower had the means to produce many more Japanese maples, and began to specialize in this particular species. Offering such a product that was currently unavailable locally increased the sales of his other stock simply by getting customers in the door. People began inquiring about his Japanese maples and saw that this was only a small part of his business, and that he grew other quality plants as well. By developing a niche, sales throughout the nursery increased. Four P’s of Marketing Marketing of any business can be broken down by using the 4 P’s, Product, Price, Promotion and Placement. Product we have already covered in the above sections, such as what is the product and what sets it aside from others. Price You have the product, and know it’s time to sell it. What should the price be? First and foremost, the price should be set high enough to generate a profit for the business. One must also make the price attractive to the consumer, getting them excited that a ‘sale’ or ‘special’ is taking place. In determining the price, several questions must be asked. *What are customers willing to pay? *Are all costs covered; where do you break even? *What does the competition charge? *How much profit do you want to generate? In determining your price it is important to use the cost of production as the base. To determine this, divide the production cost into variable and fixed costs. Variable costs are out-of-pocket, such as labor, materials, and advertising. Fixed costs are those that you will incur whether you sell anything or not, such as equipment, utilities, and taxes. Listed below are formulas that are used throughout business in determining your production cost. If after using these models you find that the selling price is more than that of your competitors, you may want to find ways to lessen costs of production or accept less profit without affecting your overall quality of the product. Assume that a nursery has determined there is a market for 2 gallon Red Japanese maple seedlings. The costs of materials are $3.00 ($2.50/plant + .50/pot & media) per plant. It takes ½ hour of labor to maintain each plant until ready for sale, with a labor rate of $6.00/hour. Overhead is fixed at $2.00 per plant. Formula 1 Materials + overhead + labor (production time x hourly wage) divided by number of units = selling price per unit Example: $3.00 + $2.00 + $3.00/ l plant = $8.00 per plant Formula 2 Materials + overhead + labor + profit divided by 1 unit = selling price per unit Example: $3.00 + $2.00 + $3.00 + $2.50 /1 plant = $10.50 per plant In this example an absolute decision is made about how much profit you want from each unit sold. Profit, labor, and overhead do not change. From the examples above one can see how different factors affect pricing. These are only models to find production costs; they do not take into account factors such as market price trends that affect pricing. You must be aware of constant changes in the market such as over saturation and availability that will affect the bottom line. Promotion Promotion strategy is everything that a person does to the customer to encourage them to purchase the product. This includes not only advertising but public relations and personal contact. Just as a nutrition company doesn’t sell vitamins so much as it sells the benefits of a healthy body; a nursery doesn’t necessarily sell only the plant but the aesthetic beauty it will provide in the landscape. You need to decide what the product will do for its consumers. The concept of your promotion strategies are to capture the attention of the public and get them to buy the product. For example, Grower #1 in the previous example had decided to market to his area in addition to already selling his stock in a nearby city. A simple classified add in the local paper announcing his varieties of species and cultivars could do the trick, but the public usually demands something more. Instead he decides to take out a display add featuring plants he offers in a beautiful landscape setting. In the consumers mind this not only tells them plants are available, but what the plants can do for them and their landscape, making them more appealing. In turn, he has opened up not only to the wholesale market but the retail as well, making people aware that his business exists and these things are available right here in there home town, grown locally. If the ad generates more sales it was a success. If not, he will know not to be so elaborate in advertising next time and rely on one or several of the many other ways to promote the product; Such as radio and TV ads, brochures, business cards, direct mail, and magazines. Each of these channels of promotion provides different ways to get your product known to the buying public. Placement Now that the product is ready for sale, priced, and consumers know that it exists, how do they get it? This is known as placement of the product, or getting the goods to the customer when and where they want it (distribution). Distributing the product can represent from 10-50% of the final price of the product in shipping and freight situations. Often businesses such as nurseries do not have the resources within to individually deliver the product to the consumer. A nursery must rely on the channels of distribution that are established that wholesalers, retailers, distributors, brokers, and cooperatives make up. A nursery can produce the best quality plants around, have a reasonable yet appealing price, and everyone may know about it; but if the consumer has no access it is a formula for failure. On time deliveries and prompt services build the name of a business, promoting word-of-mouth advertising (which is the best kind, FREE!). Marketing in the nursery industry is just as important as marketing among any other business. One cannot simply rely on people to just ‘know’ that you are a good grower; you have to make it known. With the proper marketing strategies it is possible to succeed in this business. Remember, growing the plants right and maintaining them is only the first step; people can’t buy it if they don’t know about it.
- Introduction to data gathering of some elements to be observed in planting trees and fruit trees.