1. Agile Software Development
Methodologies
Presented by
Prageeth Sandakalum
Faculty of Information Technology,
University of Moratuwa
prageeth.itfac@live.com

2. The Agenda...
1. What is SDLC ?
2. The heavyweight approaches
3. Why Agile ?
4. The Agile Approach
5. The Principles of Agile
6. Agile for different Organizations
7. Agile Project Development Issues
Requirement Analysis, Project Management, Effort Estimation &
Software Pricing
6. Applications of Agile
7. Extreme Programming, Scrum and Crystal Methods
8. Agile Compared…
9. Advantages and Limitations
Presented By
10. Let’s get back to what we studied Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO

3. What is SLDC ?
It’s all about birth and death
 What are the approaches to developing software Systems?
 Process-Oriented Approach
 Data-Oriented Approach
 People Driven Approach ??
 Is there one best way?
 What is the difference between techniques, methodologies & tools?
Presented By
 What does the popular term “SDLC” actually mean?
Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO

4. Heavyweight Approaches
The ever loving “Waterfall”
Presented By
Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO

5. Waterfall Continued….
Features
 Easy to follow.
 Can be used for any sized project
 Every stage will be done at a specific time
 Documentation is produced at every stage
 Testing is done at every stage.
Presented By
Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO

6. Waterfall Continued….
Advantages
 Early visibility of potential problems.
 Requirements won't be changed.
 Easy to learn with the documentation
 Need only to follow the design
 Ideal for Critical Systems
Presented By
Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO

7. Waterfall Continued….
Disadvantages
 Change of requirements is costly
 Lack of flexibility
 Comparatively more time required
 A black box to the customer
 Not applicable to RAD type projects
Presented By
Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO

8. Waterfall Continued….
An Example Scenario
Oh Give me a Home !
Presented By
Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO

9. Waterfall Continued….
This is what I wanted
Presented By
Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO

10. Why Agile ?
Introduction to Agile Methods
What makes a method Agile?
 Incremental (small releases, rapid cycles)
 Cooperative (between developers and customers)
 Straightforward (method is easy to learn and modify
 Adaptive (embrace changes, even last moment)
When we use Agile?
 Requirements (uncertain or volatile)
 Developers (responsible and motivated)
Presented By
 Customer (is involved and understands) Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO

11. The Agile Approach...
The Agile Manifesto
 Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
 Working software over comprehensive documentation
 Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
 Responding to changes over following a plan
Presented By
Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO

12. Presented By
Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO

13. The Building Blocks...
The Principles of Agile
Rapid, continuous delivery
Frequent delivery
Working software
Accommodation
Close, daily cooperation
Motivated, skilled people
Self-organizing teams Presented By
Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO

14. Adopting Agile...
Agile for different Organizations
The Start-Ups
Organizations with a history
Other Factors
The Project Size
Customers’ view point
Presented By
Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO

15. How Agile works...
Agile Project Development
Agile Way of Requirement Analysis
 User Scenarios for requirement gathering
“A user adds a new budget to the system to start financial
planning.”
Does the user have to be logged in?
What are the values stored in the budget?
Who is responsible for the budget? Presented By
Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO

16. User Scenarios Continued…
Characteristics of a User Scenario
As a [type or role of user]
I want to [perform some task]
So that I can [reach some goal]
User Scenarios Should be…
Independent
 Negotiable
 Valuable
 Estimable
 Brief
Presented By
 Testable Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO

17. How Agile works...
Effort Estimation
Estimating Work Effort
 Expert opinion
 Disaggregation
 Analogy
Estimating Work Effort in Agile way
 Effort-Accuracy relationships
 Planning Poker
 Ideal Days calculation
Presented By
Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO

18. Agile Applications
The different Agile Approaches
 Extreme Programming
 SCRUM
 Crystal Family
 Dynamic System Development Method (DSDM)
 In-House Development
 Feature Driven Development (FDD)
 Internet-Speed Development (ISD)
 Pragmatic Programming
 XBreed
 Test Driven Development (TDD)
Presented By
AND MANY MORE METHODS Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO
Harry

19. Agile Applications Continued….
Extreme Programming
Extreme Programming
 Based on 12 practises
Presented By
Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO

20. XP Continued…
The 12 Practices
 The Planning Process  Pair Programming
 Small Releases  Collective Ownership
 Metaphor  Continuous Integration
 Simple Design  40-hour Week
 Testing  On-site Customer
 Refactoring  Coding Standard
Presented By
Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO

21. Agile Applications Continued
SCRUM Process
 What is the Product Backlog ?
 What is a Sprint ?
 Sprint Review
 Sprint Retrospective
 Incorporate into the product backlog
 Print release Presented By
Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO

22. Agile Applications Continued
Crystal Methods
Introduced by Alistair Cockburn
Values of Crystal Methods
 People and Communication Centric
 High Tolerance
Types of Methods
 Crystal Clear
 Crystal Orange Presented By
Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO

23. Agile Vs Heavyweight
Presented By
Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO

24. Is Agile Perfect ?
Advantages and Limitations
Shortened software development cycle time
High stability in the work load
High flexibility in changing the plans.
Can achieve higher quality in the software
The developers focus only on implementation
Customer Collaboration
Lack of Documentation
Larger teams
Lack of support in Critical Systems Presented By
Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO

25. A final word...
The Summary
It is a building block which you can create different applications
on top of it
Agile has advantagesas well as limitations. It’s up to the
developers to decide on applicability
After all it’s an excellent approach for the competitive software
industry
Presented By
Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO

26. A sign of Gratitude...
Thank you for your suppport.
Mr. Sanath A. Fernando, CEO, Ridgecrest Financial, for his
comments and reviews
Mr. Yohan Welikala, Managing Director, Codegen International, for
his encouragement and reviews
Presented By
Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO

27. Thank You
???