This study examined potential sex differences in the total volume of the amygdala nucleus in adult male and female Wistar rats. Stereological analysis was used to analyze the volume of the amygdala nucleus in 10 male and 10 female rats. The results found that the mean total volume of the amygdala nucleus was significantly larger in male rats compared to female rats.

1. ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‬‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬‫ﭘﺰﺷﻜ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن‬‫ﺷﻤﺎﻟ‬‫ﻲ‬Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences
‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن‬1391‫؛‬4)2:(242-237Summer 2012;4(2):237 - 242
‫وﻳﺴﺘﺎر‬ ‫ﻧﮋاد‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫رت‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوﺗﻬﺎي‬
‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫آ‬‫اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻔﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺪي‬1
‫ﺻﺎرﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎ‬ ،2
‫ﺣﻘﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻴﻦ‬ ،3
‫ﻓﻮﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻳﺠﻪ‬ ،4
‫اﺣﻤﺪﭘﻮر‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎر‬ ،5*
1
،‫ﻣﺸﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ،‫ﻧﻮروﻟﻮژي‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ،‫ﻗﺎﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن‬ ،‫ﻧﻮروﻟﻮژي‬ ‫رزﻳﺪﻧﺖ‬‫اﻳﺮان‬
2
‫ﺟﺮاﺣ‬ ‫رزﻳﺪﻧﺖ‬‫اﻳﺮان‬ ،‫ﻣﺸﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ،‫رﺿﺎ‬ ‫اﻣﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن‬ ‫اﻧﺪوواﺳﻜﻮﻻر‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ،‫ﻲ‬
3
‫اﻳﺮان‬ ،‫ﻣﺸﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ،‫ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﻜﺪه‬ ،‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﻴﺎر‬
4
‫اﻳﺮان‬ ،‫ﺑﺠﻨﻮرد‬ ،‫ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ،‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫ارﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎس‬
5
‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ،‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎر‬‫اﻳﺮان‬ ،‫ﺑﺠﻨﻮرد‬ ،‫ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺮاﺳﺎن‬
*
‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮل‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه‬:‫ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﻜﺪه‬ ،‫ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ،‫ﺑﺠﻨﻮرد‬
‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬:shahahmadpour@gmail.com
‫وﺻﻮل‬:4/5/1391‫اﺻﻼح‬:12/5/1391‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮش‬:25/5/1391
‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪه‬
‫و‬ ‫زﻣﻴﻨﻪ‬‫ﻫﺪف‬:‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺗﻲ‬ ،‫رﻓﺘﺎري‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻤﺒﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫واﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻮرﺗﻴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﺎب‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫دارد‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎر‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬ ‫اﻧﺪوﻛﺮﻳﻦ‬.‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫دوﮔﺎﻧﮕﻲ‬‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻮده‬.‫ﭘﻲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺳﺶ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬‫آﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬‫ﻛﻞ‬‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎظ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت‬‫؟‬
‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬‫ﻛﺎر‬ ‫روش‬:‫روي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬20‫رت‬ ‫ﺳﺮ‬‫ﻧﮋاد‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻎ‬‫وﻳﺴﺘﺎر‬)10‫ﺳﺮ‬‫ﻧﺮ‬–10‫ﺳﺮ‬‫ﻣﺎده‬(‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺖ‬‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫اي‬
260-240‫ﮔﺮم‬(‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬.‫ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻟﻴﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺰﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮدن‬ ‫ﺧﺎرج‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬10%‫ﻓﻴﻜﺲ‬‫ﺑﺮش‬ ‫و‬‫ﻫﺎي‬01‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮ‬‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺗﻮم‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺰ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫وﻧﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬.‫رﻧﮓ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬‫وﻳﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﺰل‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آﻣﻴﺰي‬1%‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺪود‬‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬‫ﻛﻞ‬‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎواﻟﻴﺎري‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬.
‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬:‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬‫ﻧﺮ‬ ‫رﺗﻬﺎي‬ ‫در‬mm312/0±07/2‫رت‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬‫ﻣﺎده‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬mm311/0±57/1‫ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬)٠۵/٠
P<(.
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬‫ﮔﻴﺮي‬:‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬‫ﻛﻞ‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺮ‬ ‫رﺗﻬﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬‫ﻣﺎده‬ ‫رﺗﻬﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬‫اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ‬‫ﺟﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻴﺴﻢ‬ ‫دي‬‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫دي‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻴﺴﻢ‬‫اﻧﺴﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫ن‬.
‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫واژه‬‫ﻛﻠﻴﺪي‬:،‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬‫دوﮔﺎﻧﮕﻲ‬،‫رت‬ ،‫ﺟﻨﺴﻲ‬‫آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ‬‫اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﮔ‬ ‫دو‬‫ﺟﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﮕﻲ‬1
‫در‬‫ﻣﻐﺰي‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎي‬،‫ﺗﻔﺎوﺗﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮل‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫رﻓﺘﺎري‬.‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت‬
‫ﻛﻪ‬‫دوران‬ ‫درﮔﺮدش‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻫﻮرﻣﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰان‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوت‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻴﻨﻲ‬‫از‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺰي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﺎده‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫در‬ ‫اﻧﺤﺮاف‬ ‫ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺬارد‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ‬
1 - sexual dimorphism
‫آن‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬‫رﻓﺘﺎري‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼﻻت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬]4-1[.
‫ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ‬‫ﻗﺸﺮي‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻤﺒﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫واﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫آ‬‫ﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬.‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬‫ﻫﻴﭙﻮﻛﺎﻣﭗ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬
‫اﺣﺴﺎﺳ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻤﺒﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬،‫ﺎت‬
‫رﻓﺘﺎر‬،‫ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ‬،‫اﺗﻮﻧﻮم‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬‫و‬‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬‫اﻧﺪوﻛﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫دارد‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬.
‫ﻟﺤﺎظ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻛﺎرﻛﺮدي‬ ‫و‬ ‫آﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻴﻚ‬‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪد‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ازﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫و‬‫ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻮن‬‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬‫ﻃﻮرﻳﻜﻪ‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫را‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺻﻲ‬
‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻲ‬‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫آن‬]7-5[.‫ﺑﺎ‬
‫رﺳﭙﺘﻮرﻫ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻮدن‬ ‫دارا‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬‫ﻫﻮرﻣﻮن‬ ‫ﺎي‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ‬

2.
238‫در‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوﺗﻬﺎي‬...‫ﻣﺸﻔﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺪي‬‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران‬ ‫و‬
،‫ﺟﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬‫ﺟﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫دوﮔﺎﻧﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫از‬‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ‬]8[.‫ﺟﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫دوﮔﺎﻧﮕﻲ‬‫ژن‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺧﻴﺮا‬
‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮﻛﻨﺪري‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫واﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬‫ي‬‫ﺑﺎزوﻟﺘﺮال‬‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬
‫داده‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬‫ﺷﺪه‬‫اﺳﺖ‬]9[‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻣﺒﺎردو‬‫ه‬
‫ا‬‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺪ‬‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ‬‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ‬‫ﺗﺴﺘﻮﺳﺘﺮون‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ال‬‫ﺟﻨﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت‬‫ﻃﻮرﻳﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺟﻨﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻮﺳﺘﺮون‬ ‫ﮔﺮدش‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰان‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬
‫ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ‬]10[.‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫دوﻛﺎﻧﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬
،‫ﻣﺪﻳﻮﭘﻮﺳﺘﺮوﻟﺘﺮال‬‫ﺑﻮده‬ ‫ﺑﺎزوﻟﺘﺮال‬ ‫و‬ ‫دورﺳﻮﻣﺪﻳﺎل‬‫و‬‫اﻏﻠﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي‬،‫اﻧﺪازه‬‫آﭘﻮﭘﺘﻮز‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎرش‬‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻮرون‬‫ﻣﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬‫ﺑﻮده‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫و‬‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻳﻲ‬ ‫از‬‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬]14-11[‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫اﻫﻤﻴﺖ‬
‫آن‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻮن‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬
‫رواﻧﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﻳﻬﺎي‬ ‫در‬]2[‫و‬‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺒﻮد‬
‫دﻗﻴﻖ‬‫ﺧﺼﻮص‬ ‫در‬‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫در‬،‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬
،‫اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻮه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬‫روش‬
،‫ﻛﺎواﻟﻴﺎري‬‫دو‬ ‫در‬‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬‫ﻧﺮ‬‫و‬‫ﻣﺎده‬‫وﻳﺴﺘﺎر‬ ‫ﻧﮋاد‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻎ‬ ‫رﺗﻬﺎي‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬‫ﺷﺪ‬.
‫روش‬‫ﻛﺎر‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬20‫ﻧﮋاد‬ ‫رت‬ ‫ﺳﺮ‬‫وﻳ‬‫ﺴﺘﺎر‬)10‫ﺳﺮ‬،‫ﻧﺮ‬10‫ﺳﺮ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎده‬
‫ﻛﺮه‬(‫ﺑﺎﻟﻎ‬8‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اي‬260-240‫ﮔﺮم‬‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬
‫ﮔ‬‫ﺮدﻳﺪ‬.‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﻄﺒﺎق‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﺎت‬1‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬‫ﻗﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻮان‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮرﻳﻜﻪ‬ ،‫ﮔﺮدﻳﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬
‫ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬‫ﻳﻜﺴﺎن‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬12‫ﺗﺎرﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬12‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﺧﺸﻚ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻴﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫روﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‬.
‫ﻣﻐﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮدن‬ ‫ﺧﺎرج‬:‫ﺣﻴﻮاﻧ‬‫ﺎت‬‫ﺷﻴﻮه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﺮوﻓﻮرم‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫را‬
‫ا‬‫ﻧﻤﻮدﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻬﻮش‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻨﺸﺎﻗﻲ‬.‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻔﺴﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻮر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺮش‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻔﻮﺋﻴﺪ‬ ‫زاﺋﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدن‬‫را‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻛﺲ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬‫ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬.‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﭼﭗ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫را‬ ‫وﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﺳﻜﺎﻟﭗ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬
‫اﻳﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﺳﻮراﺧﻲ‬ ‫راﺳﺖ‬ ‫دﻫﻠﻴﺰ‬ ‫در‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫دادﻳﻢ‬‫ﻧﻤﻮدﻳﻢ‬.
‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫اداﻣﻪ‬ ‫در‬cc100‫ﺳﺎﻟﻴﻦ‬9/0‫از‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻫﭙﺎرﻳﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳ‬‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺰرﻳﻖ‬ ‫آﻫﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﭗ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻦ‬ ‫ﻖ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ‬‫ﺧﻮن‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﻼ‬ ‫دﻫﻠﻴﺰ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ‬ً‫ﺷﻔﺎف‬‫ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬ ‫روﺷﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺪ‬ ‫رﻧﮓ‬ ‫و‬.
‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬cc200‫ﻓﻴﻜﺴﺎﺗﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬)‫ﮔﻠﻮﺗﺎرآﻟﺪﻫﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎوي‬
5/2‫ﻓﺴﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬4/7=pH(‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫آﻫﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮدﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺰرﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﭼﭗ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻦ‬.‫ﮔﺬﺷﺖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬6‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬‫ﻣﻐﺰ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﺎرج‬‫ﻦ‬10%‫ﻫﻴﺴﺘﻮﻟﻮژي‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه‬.‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫آﻣﺎده‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺗﻮم‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬)Leica, Germany(
‫ﺑﺮﺷﻬﺎي‬10‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﺻﻮل‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮداري‬10‫ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬]15[.
‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬‫اﻧﺪﻛﺲ‬ ‫و‬‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﮔﺮدﻳﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻛﺴﻴﻨﻮس‬ ‫اﻃﻠﺲ‬]16[.
‫رﻧﮓ‬‫وﻳﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﺰل‬ ‫آﻣﻴﺰي‬:‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﻴﺰي‬ ‫رﻧﮓ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺪف‬
‫ﺑﺮش‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎده‬ ‫ﻛﺮدن‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬.‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮي‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬
RNA‫رﻧﮓ‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎزوﻓﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎر‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎده‬ ،‫آﻣﻴﺰي‬
‫رﻧﮓ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫واﺿﺤﻲ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫آﻧﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ﺑﺎ‬pH‫درﺟﺎت‬ ‫و‬
‫ﻣﺨ‬‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎده‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎده‬ ،‫ﺗﻤﺎﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬.‫رﻧﮓ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫آﻣﺎده‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬
‫ﮔﺮدﻳﻨﺪ‬ ‫آﻣﻴﺰي‬ ‫رﻧﮓ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺷﻬﺎي‬]17[.‫ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮپ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬Olympus
BXL51‫ﻟﻨﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬X20‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻗﺪام‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬‫ﻧﻤﻮدﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫اﻓﺰاري‬.
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫را‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﺣﺪود‬Motic image
plus‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴ‬‫ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬ ‫ذﺧﻴﺮه‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎوﻳﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻦ‬)‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬1(.‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎرش‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻗﺪام‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﺣﺪود‬ ‫ﺑﻮدن‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬
(hit points)‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮدﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺛﺒﺖ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎرش‬.‫ﻛﺎواﻟﻴﺎري‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮل‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬]15[.
‫اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬
)1( PipaTV
i
∑=
=
10
1
./.
)2( =
Δ
=∂ 2
2
/
M
X
p
)3( M=8000μ m /50 μ m
)4( ΔX=22600μ m
)5( a/p= 02/
‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮل‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬V‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮف‬‫ﺿﺮب‬
‫ﻣﺴ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬ ‫ﺎﺣﺖ‬‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬‫ﮔﺮ‬‫د‬‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻳﺪ‬
‫ﮔﺮدد‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﺣﻴﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎرش‬.‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮل‬2
‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮف‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺰرﮔﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬
‫آﻳﺪ‬.‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻮه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮدﻳ‬‫ﻢ‬]18[:

3. ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‬‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬‫ﭘﺰﺷﻜ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن‬‫ﺷﻤﺎﻟ‬‫ﻲ‬1391‫؛‬4)2(‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن‬239
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬CE:‫ﺗ‬‫ﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫روش‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﺪرﺳﻦ‬‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬:
2
1
..0543.0)43.(
10
11
)( ⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
+−+= ∑
∑
pm
A
B
bca
p
VCE CO
)6(
‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮل‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬m‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮف‬)10(‫ﺳﻴﮕﻤﺎي‬ ‫و‬
p‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻮان‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎرش‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬.
‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬CE(V)032/‫آﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬.‫و‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰان‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ‬
‫ازآزﻣ‬‫ﻮن‬‫ﺗﻲ‬‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‬SPSS13‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬.
‫از‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ‬05/0‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲ‬‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫دار‬.‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ‬ً
‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ‬mean±SD‫ﺑﻴﺎن‬
‫ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬.
‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺮ‬ ‫رﺗﻬﺎي‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰان‬mm3
12/0±08/2‫در‬ ‫و‬
‫ﻣﺎده‬ ‫رﺗﻬﺎي‬mm3
11/0±57/1‫آﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬.‫ﺧﻄﺎي‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫از‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬05/‫ﻣﻴﺰان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬032/‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫آﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻي‬ ‫دﻗﺖ‬ ‫دﻫﻨﺪه‬)‫ﺟﺪول‬1.(‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‬ ‫دو‬‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬‫رﺗﻬﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻧﺮ‬‫و‬‫ﻣﺎده‬ ‫رﺗﻬﺎي‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲ‬)05/0P<()‫ﻧﻤﻮدار‬1.(
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
‫ﻧر‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ﻣﺎد‬
*
(Volome mm3)
‫ﻧﻤﻮدار‬1:‫ﻣﺎده‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ‬.‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ‬
‫رت‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬‫ﻧﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬)mm3
12/0±08/2(‫رت‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬‫ﻣﺎده‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬)mm 3
11/0±
57/1(‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬)05/0P<.(

4.
240‫در‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوﺗﻬﺎي‬...‫ﻣﺸﻔﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺪي‬‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران‬ ‫و‬
‫ﺟﺪول‬1:‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮه‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺰان‬‫ﺿﺮ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺐ‬‫در‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻚ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻮان‬
‫ﺑﺮش‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ P-
Pi .Pi Pi.Pi+1 Pi.Pi+2
1 30 900 1500 2100
2 50 2500 3500 3250
3 70 4900 4550 5600
4 65 4225 5200 3575
5 80 6400 4400 3200
6 55 3025 2200 2750
7 40 1600 2000 2600
8 50 2500 3250 2250
9 65 4225 2925 -
10 45 2025 - -
Sum=10 550 Total A=32300 Total B=29525 Total C=25325
‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬1.‫ﺑﺰرﮔﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬X20.‫اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎرش‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬

5. ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‬‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬‫ﭘﺰﺷﻜ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن‬‫ﺷﻤﺎﻟ‬‫ﻲ‬1391‫؛‬4)2(‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن‬241
‫ﺑﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻛﺎوﻟﻴﺎري‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫دراﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮدﻳﻢ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬.‫ﺑﺮداري‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ،‫روش‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮداري‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
‫را‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬‫از‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬5%‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬]21-
19[.‫از‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻮان‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻓﻴﻮژن‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺰﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮدن‬ ‫ﺧﺎرج‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻳﻲ‬ ‫از‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮدﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺰي‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬]22[
‫ﻣﻌﺎدل‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎي‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬032/
‫آﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫دﻗﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎي‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬.
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬‫در‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫رت‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻎ‬ ‫ﻧﺮ‬‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫از‬ ‫وﻳﺴﺘﺎر‬ ‫ﻧﮋاد‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎده‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫رت‬ ‫در‬ ‫آن‬.
‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫رﺳﭙﺘﻮر‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ‬ ‫داراي‬‫ﺟﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻮرﻣﻮن‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﻮﺳﺘﺮون‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬‫دو‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮل‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﮔ‬‫ﺟﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﮕﻲ‬‫ﺗﺎ‬
‫ژن‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎن‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬.‫ﻣﺜ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮر‬‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺎل‬‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ‬‫ژن‬‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫واﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬X‫دي‬ ‫در‬‫ﺟﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻴﺴﻢ‬‫ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬.‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬
‫اﺧﻴﺮ‬ً‫ﺟﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻧﮕﻲ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬‫ژﻧ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬‫ﻮﻣﻴﻚ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮﻛﻨﺪري‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫واﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ژن‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫در‬‫در‬‫اﺑﺘﻼ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫زﻧﺎن‬‫اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ‬‫دارﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬]23،24‫و‬9[‫ﺗﻔ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻼوه‬‫ﺎوت‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮروﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوﺗﻬﺎي‬ ،‫ژﻧﻮﻣﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬.‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮر‬‫رت‬‫ﻧﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫داراي‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻮ‬‫رون‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬‫دﻧﺪرﻳﺘﻲ‬ ‫درﺧﺖ‬‫ﺣﺠ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻢ‬‫در‬ ‫ﺗﺮي‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬‫رت‬‫ﻣﺎده‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬]4.[‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬
‫آﻣﻴﮕ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﻧﺪروژن‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫واﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺪال‬.‫ﺑﻄﻮرﻳﻜﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﻛﺮدن‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺮون‬‫ﮔﺮدد‬.‫ﻛﻪ‬
‫اﻧﺪروژن‬ ‫ﻫﻮرﻣﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺮوﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ‬ ‫دﻫﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬‫اﺳﺖ‬]3
.[‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ‬‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬-‫ﭘﺸﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻔﻲ‬)MePD(،‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫دورﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻮ‬
)MDN(،‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪاﻟﻮﻫﻴﭙﻮﻛﺎﻣﭙﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺎل‬
‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژي‬ ،‫ﺑﻴﻮﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫دوﮔﺎﻧﮕﻲ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫آﭘﻮﭘﺘﻮز‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻴﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮدش‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻮرﻣﻮﻧﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫دارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬]14-11[.‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫رﺳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺟﻨﺴﻲ‬‫در‬‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ي‬‫در‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺬار‬.‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ً‫را‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬‫در‬‫از‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫رﺗﻬﺎي‬
‫اﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎﻓﺘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮده‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬ ‫وﻳﺴﺘﺎر‬ ‫ﻧﮋاد‬‫اﺧﻴﺮا‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﭼﺎرﻳﺮون‬1
‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران‬ ‫و‬]25[،‫اﻧﺴﺎن‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻤﻮن‬‫رت‬
‫ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻨﺪ‬.‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫داد‬‫از‬ ‫رت‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬‫ﻧﮋاد‬
Sprague-Dawley‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﻧﺴﺎن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻤﻮن‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫از‬.‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ‬
‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬)mm3
1(‫اﮔﺮﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬‫داراي‬
‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫رﺳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬
‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ً‫ﺑ‬‫ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫آﻣﺎده‬ ‫روش‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﮋاد‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻪ‬)‫اﻧﺠﻤﺎد‬
‫ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻲ‬(‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺮ‬ ‫رﺗﻬﺎي‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺎده‬
1- Chareyron
‫دو‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوت‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮص‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬
‫اﺷ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬‫ﺎ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬ ‫ره‬.‫رﺳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ژن‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎن‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوﺗﻬﺎي‬‫ﺑﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰان‬ ‫و‬ ‫دﻧﺪرﻳﺘﻲ‬ ‫ي‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮل‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻮرون‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬]14-11،9،24،23[.‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬‫ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻮارد‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬
‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﻳﻬﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﻣﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻮده‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮر‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻮده‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت‬2
‫و‬‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران‬‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫در‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺮرﺳﻲ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻮدﻛﺎن‬ ‫روي‬‫ﻣﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰان‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫دادﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ‬
‫در‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬ ‫راﺳﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮي‬
‫ﻧﮕﺮدﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﭼﭗ‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬]26[.‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬
‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬‫ﺗﻤﭙﻮرال‬ ‫ﺻﺮع‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺘﻼ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎران‬ ‫در‬‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻧﮕﺎري‬
‫ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ‬)MRI(‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬‫ﺣ‬‫را‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻓﻪ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﺠﻢ‬
‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬‫ه‬‫ﻧﮕﺮدﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ه‬]27[.‫ﻛﻤﭙﻠﻜﺲ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻮرﻣﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎر‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫اﺿﻄﺮاﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫دﻫﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫اﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﻮرﻣﻮن‬‫آﻣ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫داﺋﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﻴﮕﺪال‬
‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﺷﻮﻧ‬‫ﺪ‬]28،29[.
‫ﮔﻴﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪد‬ ‫ﮔﺰارﺷﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬‫ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ي‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫دوﮔﺎﻧﮕﻲ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫رﺳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫دوﺟﻨﺲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫رﻓﺘﺎري‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوﺗﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮل‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬.
‫ﻋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﻮروﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﺴﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺖ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬
‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼﻻت‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻧﺪوﻛﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﻳﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼﻻت‬ ‫در‬ ‫را‬
‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫واﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬.
2 - Mehta

6. 242‫در‬ ‫آﻣﻴﮕﺪال‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوﺗﻬﺎي‬...‫ﻣﺸﻔﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺪي‬‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران‬ ‫و‬
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7.
Stereological analysis of sexual dimorphism of
amygdala nucleus in the wistar rats
Moshfegh M1
,Saremi E2
, Haghir H3
,Foghi Kh4
, Ahmadpour Sh5*
1
Resident of neurology,Ghaem hospital,Mashahd University of Medical Sciences.Mashhad.Iran
2
Resident ofsurgery, endovascular center. Imam Reza hospital. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.
Mashahd. Iran
3
Assiciate professor of anatomy,medicine faculty. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Mashahd. Iran
4
Faculty member of medicine School,North Khorasan University of Medical sciences.Bojnurd.Iran
5
Assiatant professor of anatomy .North Khorasan University of Medical sciences.Bojnurd.Iran
Abstract
Background & Objective: Amygdal is a subcortical nucleus of
limbic system that has a pivotal role in behavioral, vegetative
and endocrine activities. Sexual dimporphism in some amygdale
nuclei have been investigated. The aim of this study was to
answer this query: does the total volume of amygdale nucleus
differ in two sex morphometrically?
Material & Methods: This study was conducted on Adult
wistar rats (male and female N=10 per group, 8weeks old,
weight 240-260 gr). Brains were removed and fixed in formalin
10% and in 10 µm sections were prepared by microtome. After
staining with cresyl violet 1% the boundary of amygdal was
defined and its volume calculated with cavalieri method
Results: The volume of amygdala nucleus was estimated 2.07 ±
0.12mm3 in male rats and 1.57± 0.11 mm3 in female rats
(P<0.05).
Conclusion: Based on our finding the total volume of amygdala
nucleus in male rats is larger than those of female rats that
suggest the sexual dimorphism of amygdala nucleus between tow
genders .These findings may have implications for developmental
studies dimorphisms in human amygdala.
Key words: amygdala, Sexual dimorphism, Rat, stereological
analysis
*corresponding Author:
Bojnurd.North Khorasan
University of Medical Sciences,
medicine faculty.
Email:
shahahmadpour@gmail.com
Submitted: 2012 Jul 25
Revised: 2012 Aug 2
Accepted: 2012 Aug 15
Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences Summer 2012; 4(2):243
Original Article