The document discusses advocacy and food waste. Regarding advocacy, it defines advocacy as speaking on behalf of oneself or others to enact change and lists types of advocacy such as mass, ideological, and health advocacy. It notes that anyone can advocate for ideas they believe in. The document provides examples of advocacy through public opinion influencing the Vietnam War and revolutions. On food waste, it shares statistics on Singapore's food waste and approaches to reducing waste in Singapore, South Korea, and Hong Kong like donating to food banks. The presentation concludes by proposing a challenge to start a movement in one's school to cultivate a culture of clearing plates and reducing waste.

1. Advocacy Sessions 2013
5th April 2013

2. What is Advocacy?
• Speaking on behalf of oneself or another to get something done
• Believing in what you speak for
• Standing up for something you believe in
• Make sure people's rights are taken care of

3. What Advocacy is not
about
• Being a friend or counsellor.
• Persuading/Forcing others to agree with you.
• Deciding what is in the person's best interests.
• Complaining
• Campaigning - although it may highlight problems and
gaps in particular service.
• Providing social support - for example managing
someone's financial affairs or organizing transport or
shopping.

4. Types of Advocacy
1.Mass Advocacy
2.Ideological Advocacy
3.Advocacy for Social Justice
4.Health Advocacy
5.Environmental Advocacy
6.Citizen Advocacy
7.Crisis Advocacy
8.Animal Rights Advocacy
9.And MANY MORE

5. Who can advocate?
YOU
It does not need to be your idea. It can be an idea you believe
and would like to share about.

6. Examples
•Earth Day
•Kyoto Protocol
•Global Zero
•Health Promotion Board's 'I Quit'

7. Common Understanding
1.Respect each other's views and opinions
2.There is room for disagreement
3.Behave appropriately
4.Support the noble causes and ideas
5.By the idea, not the person
6.No topic is boring
7.Sensitive about cultural issues
8.No stereotyping
9.Ultimately here to spread the message of justice, righteousness
and goodness

8. The Atmosphere
1.Audience involvement
2.Sharing of thoughts and ideas
3.Supportive regardless of race, language,
religion or age

9. “All disadvantaged persons need advocacy,
privileged people get it without looking.”

10. Change
The power of the people

11. • Easy to see power in the hands of the
few
• Yet it is the masses who have the
most at stake
• History is full of lessons
• Where common people have inspired
and executed change

12. • Response to unfulfilled needs
• - Hunger, injustice
• Abstract concepts
• - Liberty, Equality
• Moral standing
• - The right thing to do

13. 2 Examples
• Specific example -Public opinion during the
Vietnam War
• General example -Revolutions

14. Second War of Indochina
• One of the cold war
“hot spots”
• American
intervention from
1960s-mid 1970s
• Unlimited media
coverage
Retrieved 2nd February 2013 from
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Bruce_Crandall%27s_UH-1D.jpg

15. Progression of war
• By 1970, only 36% of
Americans were
supportive of the war
• Hundreds of thousands
took to the streets to
protest
• Musicians, students, even
veterans
Retrieved 2nd February 2013 from
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Vietnamdem.jpg

16. Some videos
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KII2y2QVprQ
• 18:30-18:50
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V-lr8Y7M1lE
• 17:40-20:07

17. Not all was well
• Kent State University shootings
• Confrontation between Ohio National
Guard and demonstrating students
• 4 dead, 9 injured
• 4 million students went on strike in
response
• Affected hundreds of universities,
Retrieved 2nd February 2013 from
colleges, and high schools http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/65/Kent_State_massacre.jpg

18. After
• Influenced US withdrawal from Vietnam
• Nixon’s promise
• Thus, demonstrations by the masses ->
Change in government policy
• The price some paid

19. Revolution
• Previous example happened in a country
where free speech is allowed
• Still possible to incite change in oppressive
environments
• Defined as “a forcible overthrow of a
government or social order, in favour of
a new system.”

20. Conclusion
• A voice loud enough cannot be ignored
• A force strong enough cannot be crushed
• A heart that believes, triumphs
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WibmcsEGLKo

21. Global Warming
Johanna Lim Ziyun, S1-09

22. What is global warming?
• Global Warming is the increase of Earth's average surface
temperature due to effect of greenhouse gases, such as carbon
dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels or from deforestation,
which trap heat that would otherwise escape from Earth. This is a type
of greenhouse effect.
• Global Warming is a serious situation and it has to be treated
immediately as the Earth’s ozone layer is depleting and our
surroundings are getter hotter and hotter.

23. Effects of Global Warming
• Ocean circulation disrupted, disrupting and having unknown effects on
world climate.
• Higher sea level leading to flooding of low-lying lands and deaths and
disease from flood and evacuation.
• Deserts get drier leaving to increased desertification.
• Water shortages in already water-scarce areas.
• Increased disease in humans and animals.
• Increased deaths from heat waves.
• Extinction of additional species of animals and plants.

24. Why is it happening?
• The problem lies with US
• As you know, Singaporeans are people who go shopping without carrying any
bags. They make use of the plastic bags the shop provides.
• It looks like a small thing but NO, it is affecting our Earth. As you know, plastic
bags cannot be decomposed as it is man-made. In most shopping malls, they
give out plastic bags which cannot be decomposed.
• Humans will then have too many plastic bags that they have to burn them in a
incinerator, thus causing the Earth’s ozone layer to lessen and cause Global
Warming.

25. How do we improve it?
• Use less energy, or use alternative, nonpolluting energy sources like
solar and wind power. At home, this translates to saving electricity by
using energy-efficient appliances and compact fluorescent light bulbs.
• Plant trees as trees produce oxygen
• Conserve Water
• Reduce, reuse and recycle!

26. Fun Facts
Every single day, 70 million tons of carbon dioxide are released into our world’s atmosphere.
That’s 1.4 billion pounds – yesterday, today, tomorrow, and every single day.
1.The warmest years on record have been in the past 10 out of 12 years. Since record-keeping
began in 1880, the planet’s 10 hottest years were all in your lifetime, between 1997 and 2008.
2.2008 saw the second-lowest summer Arctic sea ice ever recorded since satellites began keeping
track in 1979, at 1.74 million square miles.This is 860,000 square miles below the average
minimum seen in the summers from 1979 to 2000. (Summer 2007 saw the lowest levels ever
recorded, at 1.65 million square miles).
3.Ships for the first time can sail along the Northwest Passage above North America. Once a
fabled passageway, melting Arctic ice from global warming has let this route become a reality for
the first time in over 100 years.
4.Arctic summers could be ice-free by 2040 or sooner, decades ahead of previous estimates. As
this ice “mirror” that reflects sunlight back into space disappears, the effects of global warming
will increase as the oceans absorb more of the sun’s heat. This melting ice will cause polar bears
and other species to lose their icy habitat and eventually become extinct.

27. Food for Thought
• How can we stop global warming? (other than
the ways mentioned)
• How do we persuade everyone to follow this
correct way?
• How can we apply these ways in our daily
lives?
• What are your views and opinions towards
Global Warming?

28. Sources
• Images from Google Images
• http://greenliving.nationalgeographic.com/top-ways-stop-global-
• http://miracle-kids.net/en/basic/basic01-1.html
• http://www.nmsea.org/Curriculum/Primer/Global_Warming/fo
• http://library.thinkquest.org/11013/effects.html

29. Thank You For Your Kind
Attention!

30. Food
Waste

32. Singapore generated 570m kg of food waste in
2008, according to the National Environment
Agency.
In the same year, International Enterprise
Singapore showed that Singapore’s net food
imports amounted to 3 030m kg.
The percentage of food waste was almost 19%.
The population then was 4.84 million (1.05m foreign
workers).
Average food waste was 118 kg per person per
year.

33. Global food waste in 2011
Food waste kg per capita (kg / year)
Singapore: 132 (2011)
(Corrected figure: 135)
Hong Kong:
183 (2012)
Kuala Lumpur:
230
Bangkok: 162
Guangzhou: 170
Taiwan: 128
Japan: 180
South Korea: 106

35. Singapore's approach

36. South Korea's approach

37. Hong Kong's approach
Donated to food banks
Social enterprises
Compost
Biogas

38. Discussion
Citizens
SST

40. End of Presentation
Thank you for your attendance and support!

41. The Challenge
To start a small movement in our school!
What is it about:
Get people to be more considerate!
How:
Starting a culture of clearing every single grain on our plates before returning and
then rinsing it