1. Governments and the public are increasingly aware of the need to limit global warming to 1.5°C and achieve net-zero emissions by 2050 due to reports from the IPCC. 2. There is no single solution to reducing aviation's carbon emissions, and a concerted effort is needed across efficient aircraft/engine technologies, sustainable aviation fuels, and electrification. 3. Sustainable aviation fuels will be vital to reducing the industry's carbon emissions but currently only 0.1% of flights use them; Rolls-Royce is working to increase testing and production of these fuels.

1. 1 Future RegionalAircraft, Central Technology
Private | Not subject to Export Control | © 2019 Rolls-Royce
Aviation and Environment Conference,
Cranfield University
Swapping Old Carbon for New – Sustainable Aviation Fuels
Adam Morton, Rolls-Royce
November 2019
Statement

2. 2 Future RegionalAircraft, Central Technology
Private | Not subject to Export Control | © 2019 Rolls-Royce
2
• In 2015, nearly 200 countries signed the Paris
Agreement aiming to keep the increase in global
average temperatures to well below 2oCelsius.
• In October 2018, work by IPCC identified the need to
limit the global average temperature rise to only 1.5oC if
irreversible damage is to be avoided.
• Recognition is growing a 1.5oC temperatures limit
requires net-zero emissions by mid-century on a global
basis
• Already the UK and France and the EU are looking to set
targets in line with net-zero emissions by mid-century.
• Government, the public and investors are acutely aware
of these developments and looking to the aviation
industry to improve sustainability if growth is to
continue
Need for
Sustainable
Aviation Fuels
transformed in
last 18 months.

3. 3 Future RegionalAircraft, Central Technology
Private | Not subject to Export Control | © 2019 Rolls-Royce
3
No silver bullet
exists with need
for concerted
effort on a
number of fronts.
Source: Sustainable Aviation

4. 4 Future RegionalAircraft, Central Technology
Private | Not subject to Export Control | © 2019 Rolls-Royce
4
A three-pronged approach
Need for effort
across the
industry and also
from outside the
sector
 Highly-efficient engines and
aircraft, e.g. through UltraFan
which is on target to deliver
25% improved efficiency on
engines currently in service
 Future Energy, with focus on
Sustainable Aviation Fuels and
Associated Technologies
 Electrification: Systems
Architectures, Energy Storage
and Associated Management,
Component Technologies,
and Associated Technologies
(e.g. fuel cells)
 “Continue the design and
development of aircrafts’ and
engines’ technologies in a
permanent perspective of
improvement of the power
efficiency and the reduction of
CO2 emission.
 Sustain commercialisation of
aircrafts’ sustainable
alternative fuels. Almost 185
000 commercial flights have
shown modern airplanes are
ready to use it.
 Develop drastically new
aeronautic and propulsion
technologies and accelerate
the development of
technologies for 3rd
generation aircrafts.”

5. 5 Future RegionalAircraft, Central Technology
Private | Not subject to Export Control | © 2019 Rolls-Royce
Sustainable
Aviation Fuels
(SAF)
Vital in reducing the
carbon emissions of our
industry
Currently, only 0.1% of
global flights are flown
on SAF
Already successfully completed ground and flight tests using blended SAF
Latest Trent engines and business jet engines can already run on SAF
Plan to test a 100% SAF in a Trent engine next year.
Working closely with fuel producers, operators, airports, environmental
organisations and government agencies to bring these fuels into widespread
aviation use by 2050
Energy density
Fuel specification
CO2 benefit
Food / water
Mass production
Global distribution

6. 6 Future RegionalAircraft, Central Technology
Private | Not subject to Export Control | © 2019 Rolls-Royce
6
Waste feedstock
dramatically
expands potential
scale and overlaps
with technologies
for biomass
Waste-to-fuel also
benefits from
favourable
economics where
gate fee for waste
helps close gap with
conventional Jet A.

7. 7 Future RegionalAircraft, Central Technology
Private | Not subject to Export Control | © 2019 Rolls-Royce
© 2019 Rolls-
Royce
7
Small Modular Reactor
Small modular
reactors (SMRs) as
a potential game
changer for
Power-to-fuel
economics.
Providing low-cost, low-carbon power at scale necessary for commercial PtF plant
de-coupling siting from world-class solar and wind resources i.e. shift location
choice towards end-user of other infra-structure factors
Advantages over intermittent sources with energy storage and process plant
sizing optimised compared to solar or wind powered projects.
440 MW design
concentrates world
scale wind farm or
solar array power
outputs in small
footprint with
possible scope for
integration.

8. © 2019 Rolls-Royce
Rolls-RoyceProprietary Information
8
Rolls-Royce
amongst leading
aviation OEMs
seeking more rapid
pursuit of
sustainable fuels
Calling for greater focus in this area by established and new fuels
companies. Major objectives include:
• Driving deployment of demo projects to increase
availability of fuels for testing in the short term
• Encouraging work across a number of technologies and
feedstocks to maximise overall future availability and
remove the unacceptable land-use impacts
• Move the debate on SAF constraints, questioning blend-
limits and lifecycle CO2 improvements
• Leveraging non-carbon benefits to encourage investment
and adoption of SAFs
• Encouraging the necessary investment for development,
construction and operation of large numbers commercial
scale SAF refineries and associated infrastructure.

9. 9 Future RegionalAircraft, Central Technology
Private | Not subject to Export Control | © 2019 Rolls-Royce