This document lists and explains 13 common abbreviations and acronyms used in research: pub., publ., pubs. (published by, publication(s)), n.p. (no place of publication and/or no publisher given), rev. (revised by, revision, review, reviewed by), tr., trans. (translator, translation), viz. (namely), vol. (volume), ill. Illus. (illustration, illustrated), ibid (in the same place quoted above), p., pp. (page(s)), et al. (and others), APA (American Psychological Association), MLA (Modern Language Association), @ (copyright), ed., eds. (editor(s),

1. Explainthe following 13 acronyms and abbreviations inresearch briefly.
i. pub., publ., pubs. ii. n.p.
iii. Rev. iv. tr., trans.
v. viz vol. vi. ill. Illus.
vii. ibid viii. p., pp.
ix. et al. x. APA
xi. MLA xii. @
xiii. ed., eds.
Sample given below:
Abbreviations/
Acronyms
Explanation
1 pub., publ.,
pubs.
Published by, publication(s)
2 n.p. no place of publication and/or no publisher given
3 rev. revised by, revision, review, reviewed by
4 tr., trans. Translator, translation
5 viz. namely
6 ill. Illus. illustration, illustrated
7 ibid in the same place quoted above
8 p., pp. page(s)
9 et al. and others
1
0
APA American Psychological Association
11 MLA Modern Language Association
12 @ copyright
13 ed., eds. editor(s), edition(s), edited by

2. For more abbreviationsand acronyms visitthe followingwebsite.
http://quizlet.com/9930021/research-paper-abbreviations-flash-cards/
or find in the abbreviationsand acronyms givenbelow:
anon.
anonymous
bk., bks.
book(s)
@
copyright
chap., ch., chs.
chapter(s)
comp.
compiler, compiled, compiled by
ed., eds.
editor(s), edition(s), edited by
e.g.
for example
example gratia
e.g./ for example
et al.
and others
et alii
et al./ and others
ex.
example
f., ff.
and the following page(s)
fig., figs
figure(s)
GPO
Government Printing Office, Washington DC

3. ibid.
in the same place quoted above
ibidem
ibid./ in the same place quoted above
i.e.
that is
id est
i.e./ that is
ill. Illus.
illustration, illustrated
introd.
introduction, introduced by
l, ll
line(s)
loco cite
in the place cited
loco citato
in the place cited
ms., mss
manuscript
narr. Narrs.
narrator(s), narrated by
n.d.
no date given
no., nos.
number(s)
n. pag.
no pagination
n.p.
no place of publication and/or no publisher given
op. cit.
in the work cited

4. opere citato
op. cit./ in the work cited
p., pp.
page(s)
+
plus the pages that follow
pub., publ., pubs.
published by, publication(s)
rev.
revised by, revision, review, reviewed by
rpt.
reprinted by, reprint
sc
scene
sec., secs.
section(s)
sic
thus (used within brackets to indicate it is that way in the original)
tr., trans.
translator, translation
v., vv./ vs., vss.
verse(s)
viz.
namely
videlicy
viz./ namely
vol., vols.
volume(s); capitalize when used with Roman numerals
Wishes
Zeshan Muhammad