Trends in Classroom Video Capture and
Distribution: Technologies and Policy Implications

           Jenn Stringer, Director of Education Technology
                          jenn@stanford.edu

               Andy Wasklewicz, Technology Architect
                     andypw@stanford.edu
Overview
•   Stanford Context        •   Open Content
•   Capture Trends          •   Intellectual Property
•   Hardware                •   Copyright
•   Delivery Methods        •   Release Issues
•   Storage                 •   Appropriate Use
•   Enterprise solutions    • Archiving
•   Open Source Initiaves

                                                        AAMC GIR 2008
More Questions than Answers




                              AAMC GIR 2008
Audience Questions
• How many of you currently capture and what are you using?
• Are you moving to an enterprise architecture?
• How many of you have a full set of policies to guide you?




                                                              AAMC GIR 2008
Basic Facts
• Medical School Students: 500
• Students in 5+ years Graduate Students: 820
• Postdoctoral Scholars & Clinical Fellows: 1418
• Undergraduate & graduate students outside the SoM served by the school: 628
• Research faculty has doubled in 11 years (from 239 in FY92 to 452 in FY03)
• Courses: Structured integrated curriculum
• Faculty: Practicing clinicians and researchers

                                                                       AAMC GIR 2008
School of Medicine Spaces
• 7,000 events 2006-07
• Large auditorium *
• Lecture Halls *
• Computer Labs
• Small Group spaces
• Clinical Skills Center *
• Wet Labs
                             AAMC GIR 2008
History of Classroom Capture
• 1970’s - Capture on 3/4 inch tape by video services unit -
  available for checkout in LRC.
• 1980’s - Capture run by LRC on VHS available for checkout
• 1998 - Streaming video via Real
• 2007 - Real VoD


                                                               AAMC GIR 2008
Classroom Capture
• VoD
  - Courses
  - Grand Rounds
  - Special Events
• 2500 hours per year
• Average Quarter

                        AAMC GIR 2008
2007 Winter Quarter
         Course       Views
         NBIO 206     790
         INDE 202     73
         INDE 220     575
         INDE 223     1,398
         IMM 205      356
         SURG 203 B   94
              Total 3,286

                              AAMC GIR 2008
Curriculum Changes
• Move to fewer lectures
• More small group and team-based learning
• More integrated approach - move away from discipline based
  courses
• We still capture a lot



                                                        AAMC GIR 2008
Autumn                                            Winter                                             Spring

Year 1                  FOUNDATIONS OF MEDICINE I                         FOUNDATIONS OF MEDICINE II                         HUMAN HEALTH & DISEASE I

                 •
 Cells to Tissues   •Genetics                   •The Nervous System                                      •Cardiovascular
                 •
 Molecular          •Development & Disease      •Immunology                                              •Pulmonary
                  Foundations of        Mechanisms                 •Gross Anatomy of Head & Neck
                  Medicine                                         •Introduction to Organ Systems

                                 Gross Anatomy

                           PRACTICE OF MEDICINE I                            PRACTICE OF MEDICINE II                           PRACTICE OF MEDICINE III


                                                                          SCHOLARLY CONCENTRATIONS



                        HUMAN HEALTH & DISEASE II                          HUMAN HEALTH & DISEASE III                          PRACTICE OF MEDICINE VI
Year 2




                       •Renal/Genitourinary                               •Brain and Behavior                               TRANSITION TO CLINICAL CLERKSHIPS
                       •Gastrointestinal/Liver                            •Hematology                              April
                     May
                       •Endocrine/Reproductive                            •Multi-Organ System                      •1-month 
                 •Study for USMLE
                                                                                                                   
 intensive
               •Begin clinical
                          PRACTICE OF MEDICINE IV                            PRACTICE OF MEDICINE V                
 preparation for
         
clerkships
                                                                                                                   
 clerkships

                                                                          SCHOLARLY CONCENTRATIONS



                                                                               CLINICAL CLERKSHIPS
Year 3, 4, [5]




                 8 Weeks
                   6 Weeks
                    4 Weeks
               Selectives
      
                 Electives
                 Internal Medicine
         Obstetrics &
               Family Medicine
       Ambulatory Practice (8 weeks)
                 Pediatrics
                  Gynecology
               Psychiatry
            Subinternship
                 Surgery
                   
                           Neurology
                 
                          
                           Critical Care

                                                                          APPLIED BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

                                                                          SCHOLARLY CONCENTRATIONS


                 Block 1                                                                                   Block 4
                                                                                                                                                                 AAMC GIR 2008
                                               Block 2                        Block 3                                                     Block 5
                 FOUNDATIONS OF MEDICINE       HUMAN HEALTH & DISEASE         PRACTICE OF MEDICINE         CLINICAL CLERKSHIPS            APPLIED BIOMEDICAL
                                                                                                                                          SCIENCES
Li Ka Shing Center for Learning and Knowledge
                                                AAMC GIR 2008
Li Ka Shing Center for Learning and Knowledge
                                                AAMC GIR 2008
Building Organization
        Student Center          Satellite Library

        Administration           Dean’s Offices


      Seminar Classrooms        Conference Center

       Studio Classroom       Lecture Rooms & Cafe

      Virtual Reality Suite     Virtual Hospital



                                                     AAMC GIR 2008
General Trends
• Growth of video on demand (VoD), less streaming
• Single event, office capture
• Open content
• Multiple distribution channels



                                                    AAMC GIR 2008
Distribution Channels
• Home grown solutions
• iTunesU
• Youtube
• Custom applications
• Learning Management Systems

                                AAMC GIR 2008
Capture Hardware
• Students can/will capture lecture themselves
• Consumer hardware
• Smaller, cheaper, faster, portable




                                                 AAMC GIR 2008
Storage
• Cheaper, faster, bigger
• Expectations of higher quality
• Expectations of multi-format & sizes
• Repurpose content



                                         AAMC GIR 2008
Storage Estimates
 Hours captured   DV File Size   HDV 1080i File Size   H.264 Large H.264 Small
                                                         640x480      320x240

       1            13 GB              11 GB            ~ 500 MB    ~ 225 MB

     2500            32 TB             27 TB             1.2 TB      550 GB




                                                                     AAMC GIR 2008
Integration
• Classroom scheduling
• Learning Management Systems
• Chalkboard 2.0
• Capture expectations



                                AAMC GIR 2008
Non-Enterprise Solutions
• Encode at point of capture
• Difficult to scale
• Proprietary formats
• Lack of long term storage or archive solution



                                                  AAMC GIR 2008
Shift to “Enterprise” Solution
• Non proprietary formats
• Multi distribution points
• Support mobile learning
• Capture everything



                                 AAMC GIR 2008
Prototype System
• Requirements
  -   Speed
  -   Scalability
  -   Automation
  -   Flexibility
• Apple - Podcast Producer & Telestream - Episode Engine

                                                           AAMC GIR 2008
Podcast Producer               Episode Engine

                        Primary Master                Primary Master




             Xgrid Cluster                 Episode Engine Cluster




Publish

                                            Shared Storage             MAM System
   iTunesU



   WebServer



   YouTube

                                                                            AAMC GIR 2008
Open Source Initiatives
                          !"#$%&'()*+,*-+.

• UC Berkeley, OpenCast
• ETH Zurich, Replay
• maclearning.org




                                             AAMC GIR 2008
Institutional Policy




                       AAMC GIR 2008
Open Content
• Initiatives (iTunesU, public portals, MIT
  OpenCourse, others?)
• Schools of Medicine?
• Public available to all
• Limited to only students enrolled? the
  wider campus?

                                              AAMC GIR 2008
Intellectual Property
• Huge faculty concern
• Institutional policy around IP
• Different from copyright of presentation
• Case study - Course syllabi when a faculty member leaves the IP
  goes with them, but the copyrighted syllabus remains with the
  university.

                                                          AAMC GIR 2008
Copyright of captured lecture
• Usually university owns the copyright if its resources are used.
• Watermarking, bumpers, drm, other?
• Case study - Student brings camera to talk and asks permission
  to tape. Uses their own equipment. Who owns it?




                                                            AAMC GIR 2008
Permissions and Releases
• Permission/Release forms
   - Your own? Creative Commons?
   - revokable
   - repurpose
   - educational use/non-profit
• Who is responsible? (Office of Ed? Courses? Departments? IT?)
   - How long do you keep (digital? original? record only?)

                                                       AAMC GIR 2008
Appropriate Use and Reuse
• Applies to more than just video/audio
• To share or not share
• Balance student needs with faculty concerns and institutional
  rights




                                                           AAMC GIR 2008
Stanford’s Course Content Access and
Appropriate Use Policy
• Cover all course materials (electronic and hard copy)
• Provide students with more flexibility to access course materials
• Clarify policy on student sharing of course materials
• Address faculty concerns regarding redistribution of content
• Provide mechanism for addressing policy violations
                                                          AAMC GIR 2008
"Stanford University School of Medicine course materials are intended for
curriculum and course related purposes and are copyrighted by the
University. Appropriate access to this content is given for personal
academic study and review purposes only. Unless otherwise stated in
writing, this content may not be shared, distributed, modified, transmitted,
reused, sold, or otherwise disseminated. These materials may also be
protected by additional copyright; any further use of this material may be
in violation of federal copyright law. Violators of this policy will be
referred to the Committee on Professionalism, Performance and
Promotion for disciplinary purposes.”
                                                                      AAMC GIR 2008
University of Michigan
I acknowledge that I am a student accessing these materials for courses in
my current academic year. By downloading the audio or video streams
made available by the University of Michigan School of Medicine, I agree
to use the content for non commercial personal academic study and
review purposes only. I understand that I am bound by UMMS copyright
policies. I will under no circumstances distribute, modify, transmit, reuse,
report, or sell the contents of the material. I agree to delete the file from
my computer prior to the end of the academic period.
                                                                   AAMC GIR 2008
Archiving
• How long?
• Who decides?
• Retrieval
• Deep storage



                 AAMC GIR 2008
Lessons Learned
• Video is everywhere
• Media scalability/flexibility
• Viable open source community




                                 AAMC GIR 2008
AAMC GIR 2008

AAMC Presentation

  • 1.
    Trends in ClassroomVideo Capture and Distribution: Technologies and Policy Implications Jenn Stringer, Director of Education Technology jenn@stanford.edu Andy Wasklewicz, Technology Architect andypw@stanford.edu
  • 2.
    Overview • Stanford Context • Open Content • Capture Trends • Intellectual Property • Hardware • Copyright • Delivery Methods • Release Issues • Storage • Appropriate Use • Enterprise solutions • Archiving • Open Source Initiaves AAMC GIR 2008
  • 3.
    More Questions thanAnswers AAMC GIR 2008
  • 4.
    Audience Questions • Howmany of you currently capture and what are you using? • Are you moving to an enterprise architecture? • How many of you have a full set of policies to guide you? AAMC GIR 2008
  • 5.
    Basic Facts • MedicalSchool Students: 500 • Students in 5+ years Graduate Students: 820 • Postdoctoral Scholars & Clinical Fellows: 1418 • Undergraduate & graduate students outside the SoM served by the school: 628 • Research faculty has doubled in 11 years (from 239 in FY92 to 452 in FY03) • Courses: Structured integrated curriculum • Faculty: Practicing clinicians and researchers AAMC GIR 2008
  • 6.
    School of MedicineSpaces • 7,000 events 2006-07 • Large auditorium * • Lecture Halls * • Computer Labs • Small Group spaces • Clinical Skills Center * • Wet Labs AAMC GIR 2008
  • 7.
    History of ClassroomCapture • 1970’s - Capture on 3/4 inch tape by video services unit - available for checkout in LRC. • 1980’s - Capture run by LRC on VHS available for checkout • 1998 - Streaming video via Real • 2007 - Real VoD AAMC GIR 2008
  • 8.
    Classroom Capture • VoD - Courses - Grand Rounds - Special Events • 2500 hours per year • Average Quarter AAMC GIR 2008
  • 9.
    2007 Winter Quarter Course Views NBIO 206 790 INDE 202 73 INDE 220 575 INDE 223 1,398 IMM 205 356 SURG 203 B 94 Total 3,286 AAMC GIR 2008
  • 10.
    Curriculum Changes • Moveto fewer lectures • More small group and team-based learning • More integrated approach - move away from discipline based courses • We still capture a lot AAMC GIR 2008
  • 11.
    Autumn Winter Spring Year 1 FOUNDATIONS OF MEDICINE I FOUNDATIONS OF MEDICINE II HUMAN HEALTH & DISEASE I • Cells to Tissues •Genetics •The Nervous System •Cardiovascular • Molecular •Development & Disease •Immunology •Pulmonary Foundations of Mechanisms •Gross Anatomy of Head & Neck Medicine •Introduction to Organ Systems Gross Anatomy PRACTICE OF MEDICINE I PRACTICE OF MEDICINE II PRACTICE OF MEDICINE III SCHOLARLY CONCENTRATIONS HUMAN HEALTH & DISEASE II HUMAN HEALTH & DISEASE III PRACTICE OF MEDICINE VI Year 2 •Renal/Genitourinary •Brain and Behavior TRANSITION TO CLINICAL CLERKSHIPS •Gastrointestinal/Liver •Hematology April May •Endocrine/Reproductive •Multi-Organ System •1-month •Study for USMLE intensive •Begin clinical PRACTICE OF MEDICINE IV PRACTICE OF MEDICINE V preparation for clerkships clerkships SCHOLARLY CONCENTRATIONS CLINICAL CLERKSHIPS Year 3, 4, [5] 8 Weeks 6 Weeks 4 Weeks Selectives Electives Internal Medicine Obstetrics & Family Medicine Ambulatory Practice (8 weeks) Pediatrics Gynecology Psychiatry Subinternship Surgery Neurology Critical Care APPLIED BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES SCHOLARLY CONCENTRATIONS Block 1 Block 4 AAMC GIR 2008 Block 2 Block 3 Block 5 FOUNDATIONS OF MEDICINE HUMAN HEALTH & DISEASE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE CLINICAL CLERKSHIPS APPLIED BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
  • 12.
    Li Ka ShingCenter for Learning and Knowledge AAMC GIR 2008
  • 13.
    Li Ka ShingCenter for Learning and Knowledge AAMC GIR 2008
  • 14.
    Building Organization Student Center Satellite Library Administration Dean’s Offices Seminar Classrooms Conference Center Studio Classroom Lecture Rooms & Cafe Virtual Reality Suite Virtual Hospital AAMC GIR 2008
  • 15.
    General Trends • Growthof video on demand (VoD), less streaming • Single event, office capture • Open content • Multiple distribution channels AAMC GIR 2008
  • 16.
    Distribution Channels • Homegrown solutions • iTunesU • Youtube • Custom applications • Learning Management Systems AAMC GIR 2008
  • 17.
    Capture Hardware • Studentscan/will capture lecture themselves • Consumer hardware • Smaller, cheaper, faster, portable AAMC GIR 2008
  • 18.
    Storage • Cheaper, faster,bigger • Expectations of higher quality • Expectations of multi-format & sizes • Repurpose content AAMC GIR 2008
  • 19.
    Storage Estimates Hourscaptured DV File Size HDV 1080i File Size H.264 Large H.264 Small 640x480 320x240 1 13 GB 11 GB ~ 500 MB ~ 225 MB 2500 32 TB 27 TB 1.2 TB 550 GB AAMC GIR 2008
  • 20.
    Integration • Classroom scheduling •Learning Management Systems • Chalkboard 2.0 • Capture expectations AAMC GIR 2008
  • 21.
    Non-Enterprise Solutions • Encodeat point of capture • Difficult to scale • Proprietary formats • Lack of long term storage or archive solution AAMC GIR 2008
  • 22.
    Shift to “Enterprise”Solution • Non proprietary formats • Multi distribution points • Support mobile learning • Capture everything AAMC GIR 2008
  • 23.
    Prototype System • Requirements - Speed - Scalability - Automation - Flexibility • Apple - Podcast Producer & Telestream - Episode Engine AAMC GIR 2008
  • 24.
    Podcast Producer Episode Engine Primary Master Primary Master Xgrid Cluster Episode Engine Cluster Publish Shared Storage MAM System iTunesU WebServer YouTube AAMC GIR 2008
  • 25.
    Open Source Initiatives !"#$%&'()*+,*-+. • UC Berkeley, OpenCast • ETH Zurich, Replay • maclearning.org AAMC GIR 2008
  • 26.
    Institutional Policy AAMC GIR 2008
  • 27.
    Open Content • Initiatives(iTunesU, public portals, MIT OpenCourse, others?) • Schools of Medicine? • Public available to all • Limited to only students enrolled? the wider campus? AAMC GIR 2008
  • 28.
    Intellectual Property • Hugefaculty concern • Institutional policy around IP • Different from copyright of presentation • Case study - Course syllabi when a faculty member leaves the IP goes with them, but the copyrighted syllabus remains with the university. AAMC GIR 2008
  • 29.
    Copyright of capturedlecture • Usually university owns the copyright if its resources are used. • Watermarking, bumpers, drm, other? • Case study - Student brings camera to talk and asks permission to tape. Uses their own equipment. Who owns it? AAMC GIR 2008
  • 30.
    Permissions and Releases •Permission/Release forms - Your own? Creative Commons? - revokable - repurpose - educational use/non-profit • Who is responsible? (Office of Ed? Courses? Departments? IT?) - How long do you keep (digital? original? record only?) AAMC GIR 2008
  • 31.
    Appropriate Use andReuse • Applies to more than just video/audio • To share or not share • Balance student needs with faculty concerns and institutional rights AAMC GIR 2008
  • 32.
    Stanford’s Course ContentAccess and Appropriate Use Policy • Cover all course materials (electronic and hard copy) • Provide students with more flexibility to access course materials • Clarify policy on student sharing of course materials • Address faculty concerns regarding redistribution of content • Provide mechanism for addressing policy violations AAMC GIR 2008
  • 33.
    "Stanford University Schoolof Medicine course materials are intended for curriculum and course related purposes and are copyrighted by the University. Appropriate access to this content is given for personal academic study and review purposes only. Unless otherwise stated in writing, this content may not be shared, distributed, modified, transmitted, reused, sold, or otherwise disseminated. These materials may also be protected by additional copyright; any further use of this material may be in violation of federal copyright law. Violators of this policy will be referred to the Committee on Professionalism, Performance and Promotion for disciplinary purposes.” AAMC GIR 2008
  • 34.
    University of Michigan Iacknowledge that I am a student accessing these materials for courses in my current academic year. By downloading the audio or video streams made available by the University of Michigan School of Medicine, I agree to use the content for non commercial personal academic study and review purposes only. I understand that I am bound by UMMS copyright policies. I will under no circumstances distribute, modify, transmit, reuse, report, or sell the contents of the material. I agree to delete the file from my computer prior to the end of the academic period. AAMC GIR 2008
  • 35.
    Archiving • How long? •Who decides? • Retrieval • Deep storage AAMC GIR 2008
  • 36.
    Lessons Learned • Videois everywhere • Media scalability/flexibility • Viable open source community AAMC GIR 2008
  • 37.