a tenancy in common.Reason for a.a.A way for two or more people .pdf
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a tenancy in common. Reason for a. a.A way for two or more people to have equal ownership interests in a property. Each owner has the right to leave his or her share of the property to any beneficiary upon the owner\'s death. Each party (owner) in a tenancy-in-common agreement has the right to use the property even if the physical size of the stake is different. b.In common law and statutory law, a life estate is the ownership of land for the duration of a person\'s life. In legal terms it is an estate in real property that ends at death when ownership of the property may revert to the original owner, or it may pass to another person. In this case, Land is not in question. (Stock) c.A type of property right where two or more people own or rent a property together, each with equal rights and obligations, until one owner dies. Upon an owner\'s death, that owner\'s interest in the property passes to the survivors without the property having to go through probate. In this case, ownership is transferred without the property having to go through probate, but in the current case compliance with title deed is required. d.A method in some states by which married couples can hold the title to a property. In order for one spouse to modify his or her interest in the property in any way, the consent of both spouses is required by tenants by entirety. It also provides that when one spouse passes away, the surviving spouse gains full ownership of the property. Current case is based on brother and sister not married couple. Solution a tenancy in common. Reason for a. a.A way for two or more people to have equal ownership interests in a property. Each owner has the right to leave his or her share of the property to any beneficiary upon the owner\'s death. Each party (owner) in a tenancy-in-common agreement has the right to use the property even if the physical size of the stake is different. b.In common law and statutory law, a life estate is the ownership of land for the duration of a person\'s life. In legal terms it is an estate in real property that ends at death when ownership of the property may revert to the original owner, or it may pass to another person. In this case, Land is not in question. (Stock) c.A type of property right where two or more people own or rent a property together, each with equal rights and obligations, until one owner dies. Upon an owner\'s death, that owner\'s interest in the property passes to the survivors without the property having to go through probate. In this case, ownership is transferred without the property having to go through probate, but in the current case compliance with title deed is required. d.A method in some states by which married couples can hold the title to a property. In order for one spouse to modify his or her interest in the property in any way, the consent of both spouses is required by tenants by entirety. It also provides that when one spouse passes away, the surviving spouse gains full ownership .
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alrubaie3Hussain adel alrubaieJ. CareyEng 100 f Novembe.docx
alrubaie3
Hussain adel alrubaie
J. Carey
Eng 100 f
November 25 2016
China and the Property Laws
Citizens in China cannot have private ownership of land but can acquire rights that will allow them to use the land for a specified period of time (Harris 94). As per now, citizens can obtain land use rights in urban areas for a maximum of seventy years. Once this time runs out, the land is repossessed by the state or the contract is renewed. Despite the fact that individuals cannot privately own the land, they can own the buildings raised on the land in what is called home ownership. This is basically a situation in which an individual privately owns a building or a home but he does not have the title or ownership of the land that his building is resting on. In simple terms, according to the property laws of China an individual cannot own land, it belongs to the state.
1. The Legal Framework
The Constitution
With respect to the constitution of China, private property is protected by the law. With respect to Article 13 of the constitution, the private property owned by citizens is protected. It is the right of the state to make sure that such property is protected. The constitution acknowledges that there are individuals who legally own private property and it is necessary for this property to be protected.
China makes use of a constitution that was adopted in 1982, and since then, it has undergone four major amendments; 1988, 1993, 1999, and 2004. Out of all the four amendments, it was the 2004 one that recognized private property and declared it as constitutional. This basically implies that before 2004, the constitution of China did not recognize the private land, all land was considered to be owned by the state. This amendment brought a sigh of relief to private land-owners because their property was legally recognized by the law and the constitution went ahead to provide legal protection for such property. Citizens were given the right to lawfully own land (Peter 153).
The Property Rights Law
The Property Rights Law was enacted in 2007 after legislative debates that spanned for more than one decade. The law was made effective from October 1 of the same year and basically contained details of property rights protection, this protection covered movable property as well as real estate. This law primarily focused on the establishment and transfers as well as other details that are related to property ownership rights. Similarly, the law addressed issues to do with the registration as well as delivery of property rights involving movable and real estate property.
Real Property in Urban Areas
These laws are concerned with real property in urban areas with respect to the rights that are related to land-use as well as ownership. Property in urban areas is very valuable and this creates a lot of demand for it. Without proper regulation, it would be difficult to manage such property.
2. Ownership of Land and Houses
Rights to use land
With respe ...
Landlord and Tenant LawIn this lecture, we will continue our dis.docx
Landlord and Tenant Law
In this lecture, we will continue our discussion of property law with an analysis of landlord and tenant law.
We begin with a discussion of the types of tenancies. A fixed-term tenancy or tenancy for years lasts for a specific period of time (e.g., a year, a month, a week). This length of time is set by express contract and ends automatically without notice. A periodic tenancy (also created by a lease) does not have a specific end date though rent is due at regular intervals. These tenancies last until terminated and notice is required to end the lease. Tenancy at will is similar, but does not require notice to terminate the leasehold interest. Finally, tenancy at sufferance is possession of land without a right. These are created when a tenant remains in possession of land without consent after the termination of another tenancy.
Ordinarily, these tenancies are created by the lease. Leases may be written or oral though leases that last longer than a year must be in writing to be valid under the Statute of Frauds. These leases are essentially contracts, and normal contract principles will apply. Therefore, landlords must be careful to avoid unconscionability issues where a judge may declare the lease to be invalid when one party as a result of disproportionate bargaining power is forced to accept a deal that unfairly benefits one party. In addition, federal law prohibits property owners from discriminating against potential and actual tenant based on race, religion, national origin or sex.
Importantly, the landlord/tenant relationship creates various rights and duties between landlords and tenants.
Firstly, the landlord is required to give the tenant possession of the land for the lease term. The tenant has the right to retain possession until the lease expires. As in with warranty deeds, the covenant of quiet enjoyment is of critical importance. Additionally, this duty on behalf of the landlord can be breached when the landlord evicts the tenant without cause (an eviction occurs when a landlord deprives a tenant of possession before the end of the stated term). Eviction need not be physical. A constructive eviction is said to occur when the landlord wrongfully performs or fails to perform any of the undertakings the lease requires, thereby making the tenant’s further use of and enjoyment of the property difficult or impossible. For example if the landlord is responsible for repairs, it may be a constructive eviction to fail to repair the heating system in the dead of winter.
The next rights and duties to discuss concern the use and maintenance of the leased property. The tenant may use the property in a reasonable manner that reasonably relates to the ordinary use of the property. However, the tenant is responsible for damages, excluding ordinary wear and tear. The landlord must comply with local building codes. This also plays into the implied warranty of habitability. This warranty requires th ...
Recommended
alrubaie3Hussain adel alrubaieJ. CareyEng 100 f Novembe.docx
alrubaie3
Hussain adel alrubaie
J. Carey
Eng 100 f
November 25 2016
China and the Property Laws
Citizens in China cannot have private ownership of land but can acquire rights that will allow them to use the land for a specified period of time (Harris 94). As per now, citizens can obtain land use rights in urban areas for a maximum of seventy years. Once this time runs out, the land is repossessed by the state or the contract is renewed. Despite the fact that individuals cannot privately own the land, they can own the buildings raised on the land in what is called home ownership. This is basically a situation in which an individual privately owns a building or a home but he does not have the title or ownership of the land that his building is resting on. In simple terms, according to the property laws of China an individual cannot own land, it belongs to the state.
1. The Legal Framework
The Constitution
With respect to the constitution of China, private property is protected by the law. With respect to Article 13 of the constitution, the private property owned by citizens is protected. It is the right of the state to make sure that such property is protected. The constitution acknowledges that there are individuals who legally own private property and it is necessary for this property to be protected.
China makes use of a constitution that was adopted in 1982, and since then, it has undergone four major amendments; 1988, 1993, 1999, and 2004. Out of all the four amendments, it was the 2004 one that recognized private property and declared it as constitutional. This basically implies that before 2004, the constitution of China did not recognize the private land, all land was considered to be owned by the state. This amendment brought a sigh of relief to private land-owners because their property was legally recognized by the law and the constitution went ahead to provide legal protection for such property. Citizens were given the right to lawfully own land (Peter 153).
The Property Rights Law
The Property Rights Law was enacted in 2007 after legislative debates that spanned for more than one decade. The law was made effective from October 1 of the same year and basically contained details of property rights protection, this protection covered movable property as well as real estate. This law primarily focused on the establishment and transfers as well as other details that are related to property ownership rights. Similarly, the law addressed issues to do with the registration as well as delivery of property rights involving movable and real estate property.
Real Property in Urban Areas
These laws are concerned with real property in urban areas with respect to the rights that are related to land-use as well as ownership. Property in urban areas is very valuable and this creates a lot of demand for it. Without proper regulation, it would be difficult to manage such property.
2. Ownership of Land and Houses
Rights to use land
With respe ...
Landlord and Tenant LawIn this lecture, we will continue our dis.docx
Landlord and Tenant Law
In this lecture, we will continue our discussion of property law with an analysis of landlord and tenant law.
We begin with a discussion of the types of tenancies. A fixed-term tenancy or tenancy for years lasts for a specific period of time (e.g., a year, a month, a week). This length of time is set by express contract and ends automatically without notice. A periodic tenancy (also created by a lease) does not have a specific end date though rent is due at regular intervals. These tenancies last until terminated and notice is required to end the lease. Tenancy at will is similar, but does not require notice to terminate the leasehold interest. Finally, tenancy at sufferance is possession of land without a right. These are created when a tenant remains in possession of land without consent after the termination of another tenancy.
Ordinarily, these tenancies are created by the lease. Leases may be written or oral though leases that last longer than a year must be in writing to be valid under the Statute of Frauds. These leases are essentially contracts, and normal contract principles will apply. Therefore, landlords must be careful to avoid unconscionability issues where a judge may declare the lease to be invalid when one party as a result of disproportionate bargaining power is forced to accept a deal that unfairly benefits one party. In addition, federal law prohibits property owners from discriminating against potential and actual tenant based on race, religion, national origin or sex.
Importantly, the landlord/tenant relationship creates various rights and duties between landlords and tenants.
Firstly, the landlord is required to give the tenant possession of the land for the lease term. The tenant has the right to retain possession until the lease expires. As in with warranty deeds, the covenant of quiet enjoyment is of critical importance. Additionally, this duty on behalf of the landlord can be breached when the landlord evicts the tenant without cause (an eviction occurs when a landlord deprives a tenant of possession before the end of the stated term). Eviction need not be physical. A constructive eviction is said to occur when the landlord wrongfully performs or fails to perform any of the undertakings the lease requires, thereby making the tenant’s further use of and enjoyment of the property difficult or impossible. For example if the landlord is responsible for repairs, it may be a constructive eviction to fail to repair the heating system in the dead of winter.
The next rights and duties to discuss concern the use and maintenance of the leased property. The tenant may use the property in a reasonable manner that reasonably relates to the ordinary use of the property. However, the tenant is responsible for damages, excluding ordinary wear and tear. The landlord must comply with local building codes. This also plays into the implied warranty of habitability. This warranty requires th ...
Personal PropertyThis week’s lectures will focus on tangible pro.docx
Personal Property
This week’s lectures will focus on tangible property. There are two main divisions in property: the law dealing with real property (land and items permanently attached to land) and the law dealing with personal property (all other items). The essence of property law is ownership. This ownership may be held outright, or it may be held in common with others as a joint tenant. Ownership interests are acquired in many ways including by possession (in the case of wild animals hunted or finding lost and abandoned property), by production, or by gift. A gift is a voluntary transfer of property ownership not supported by consideration.
There are three elements to a valid gift:
· Donative intent- this is ascertained by the language of the donor and the surrounding circumstances.
· Delivery- this requires giving up dominion and control of the item. With some items, constructive delivery may be applied. This is true, for example, in the situation where a key to a car is given symbolizing that the car has been given.
· Acceptance- the donee must accept the gift. This is generally assumed.
Gifts are ordinarily unconditional. However, the gift may be conditional in some situations. A gift causa mortis, for example, is a gift given in anticipation of death. If the donor (gift giver) does not die, the gift becomes invalid.
Mislaid, lost or abandoned property presents difficult challenges in the area of personal property law. Mislaid property gives the owner—not a random finder—the first claim to the property. Mislaid property is property that the owner did not intend to lose. However, if the owner does not claim the property the finder may keep it. Lost property is treated similarly. The owner has the first claim. However, the finder may keep it if the owner does not claim it (many states require the finder to seek out the owner). Finally, property that has been intentionally abandoned is the finder's, as the owner is presumed to have surrendered all rights in ownership in possession.
The final area of law we need to discuss is bailments. Bailments are created when an owner gives possession (but not ownership) to another temporarily. Most bailments are created by agreement. And although the elements of a contract may be present, this is not necessarily true except in the case of a commercial bailment, for example, where a patron gives a suit to a dry cleaner. The bailment is created when:
· Personal property is;
· Delivered without title;
· Under an agreement that property be returned to the bailor or otherwise disposed of according to the owners instructions.
Delivery requires the bailee to surrender exclusive possession and control to the bailor who must accept the property. The agreement does not need to be in writing for bailments lasting less than a year. The bailment gives the bailee certain rights including the right of temporary control and possession of the bailed property, use of the property for the purpos.
CAPE Property Law by Shawn Freeman.pdf
This is a complete summary of the CAPE UNIT 2 MODULE 3 property law course. Answering questions and essay writing will be done in a separate presentation. The presentation seeks to summarize the requirements set by the examiners and outlined by the syllabus to assist students preparing for the exam a quick reference guide. Property law for CAPE can be seen as a complex area of study based on some of the principles employed, however CAPE focuses on the core principles set down within the Caribbean legal systems and with some of it's origins from the Roman/Dutch laws and principles The UK English common law system still plays much of an active role in the development of these principles, however with a few changes made by various regions. This presentation however was written to focus on one jurisdiction as CAPE is specific to every region of law and the body of law that governs that region, however once again, the key principles apply across the Caribbean regardless of jurisdiction. It is to note that easements was not included in this presentation since for the benefit of University students a separate presentation on the topic which covers both A levels and university was done. All the best in the exams students.
Chapter 32 The real estate exists 225After readi.docx
Chapter 32: The real estate exists 225
After reading this chapter, you will be able to:
• distinguish between personal property and real estate;
• comprehend the physical characteristics of real estate;
• understand a property’s appurtenant and riparian rights; and
• determine whether an item is a property fixture or trade fixture.
Learning
Objectives
The real estate exists
Chapter
32
For most people, the term “property” means a physical or tangible thing.
However, property can be more broadly defined, focusing on the rights
which arise out of the object. Thus, property is referred to as a bundle of
rights in a thing, which for the purposes of this material, is real estate.
Further, property is anything which can be owned. In turn, ownership is
the right to possess the property owned and use it to the exclusion of others.1
The right to possess and use property includes the right to:
• occupy;
• sell or dispose;
1 Calif. Civil Code §654
Physical and
legal aspects
of real estate
appurtenant rights
common interest
development (CID)
mechanic’s lien
fixture
lien
personal property
profit a prendre
real estate
riparian right
trade fixture
Key Terms
For a further discussion of this topic, see Chapter 3 of Legal Aspects of
Real Estate.
226 Real Estate Principles, Second Edition
• encumber; or
• lease the property.
Property is divided into two primary categories:
• real estate, also called real property or realty; and
• personal property, also called personalty.2
Real estate is characterized as immovable, whereas personal property is
movable.3
Personal property is defined, by way of exclusion, as all property which is
not classified as real estate.4
While the distinction between real estate and personal property seems
apparent at first glance, the difference is not always so clear.
Real estate can be physically cut up by severance of a part of the earth (i.e.,
removal of minerals). Title to real estate can also be cut up in terms of time,
providing sequential ownership.
For example, fee ownership can be conveyed to one person for life, and on
their death, transferred by the fee owner to another. Time sharing is another
example of the allocation of ownership by time, such as the exclusive right
to occupy a space for only three weeks during the year.
Title to real estate can also be fractionalized by concurrently vesting title
in the name of co-owners, such as tenants-in-common who each hold an
undivided (fractional) ownership interest in the real estate.
Possession to real estate can be cut out of the fee ownership for a period of
time. For instance, the fee owner of real estate acting as a landlord conveys
possession of the property to a tenant under a lease agreement for the term of
a lease. When the tenancy expires or is terminated, possession of the property
will revert to the landlord. The landlord retains fee title to the real estat ...
Chapter 32 The real estate exists 225After readi.docx
Chapter 32: The real estate exists 225
After reading this chapter, you will be able to:
• distinguish between personal property and real estate;
• comprehend the physical characteristics of real estate;
• understand a property’s appurtenant and riparian rights; and
• determine whether an item is a property fixture or trade fixture.
Learning
Objectives
The real estate exists
Chapter
32
For most people, the term “property” means a physical or tangible thing.
However, property can be more broadly defined, focusing on the rights
which arise out of the object. Thus, property is referred to as a bundle of
rights in a thing, which for the purposes of this material, is real estate.
Further, property is anything which can be owned. In turn, ownership is
the right to possess the property owned and use it to the exclusion of others.1
The right to possess and use property includes the right to:
• occupy;
• sell or dispose;
1 Calif. Civil Code §654
Physical and
legal aspects
of real estate
appurtenant rights
common interest
development (CID)
mechanic’s lien
fixture
lien
personal property
profit a prendre
real estate
riparian right
trade fixture
Key Terms
For a further discussion of this topic, see Chapter 3 of Legal Aspects of
Real Estate.
226 Real Estate Principles, Second Edition
• encumber; or
• lease the property.
Property is divided into two primary categories:
• real estate, also called real property or realty; and
• personal property, also called personalty.2
Real estate is characterized as immovable, whereas personal property is
movable.3
Personal property is defined, by way of exclusion, as all property which is
not classified as real estate.4
While the distinction between real estate and personal property seems
apparent at first glance, the difference is not always so clear.
Real estate can be physically cut up by severance of a part of the earth (i.e.,
removal of minerals). Title to real estate can also be cut up in terms of time,
providing sequential ownership.
For example, fee ownership can be conveyed to one person for life, and on
their death, transferred by the fee owner to another. Time sharing is another
example of the allocation of ownership by time, such as the exclusive right
to occupy a space for only three weeks during the year.
Title to real estate can also be fractionalized by concurrently vesting title
in the name of co-owners, such as tenants-in-common who each hold an
undivided (fractional) ownership interest in the real estate.
Possession to real estate can be cut out of the fee ownership for a period of
time. For instance, the fee owner of real estate acting as a landlord conveys
possession of the property to a tenant under a lease agreement for the term of
a lease. When the tenancy expires or is terminated, possession of the property
will revert to the landlord. The landlord retains fee title to the real estat.
Group report in Property (Modes of Extinguishing Ownership)
Group report in Property (Modes of Extinguishing Ownership)
Reporters:
- Mark Jerome Dizon
- Karen P. Lustica
- Randel Bejasa
- Rolando Acuña
nnfile_1704271503_0007730_PLSESSION7.pptx
The Transfer of Property Act, 1882 deals with a) various specific transfers relating to immovable property. b) general principles relating to the transfer of movables and immovable property. Chapter II of The Transfer of Property Act, 1882 deals with both movable and immovable property. Section 58 to 104 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 deals with mortgages and charges.
Transferable and Non-Transferable Property.pptx
jhuyegfuhdbfhuewygfrewbgdhcudyfgewyurbfyfgwiebhjflgydlifkhewygfkdjFRBEW
Property Law Red Ppt
A basic guide to property law. Since this is based on common law and applies to the law of the land - please check your state property statutes for modern codes. This is intended for law students and builds a foundation for the law of property law - each states laws vary. Thank you!
Modes of acquisition of easement
The presentation deals with different aspects of easements comprising definition, essential elements, classification, modes of acquisition, grant, prescription, customary easement, operation of law, etc.
10 (number of bags John had) +10 (number sister gave to him)=20 Numb.pdf
10 (number of bags John had) +10 (number sister gave to him)=20 Number he had in total
Solution
10 (number of bags John had) +10 (number sister gave to him)=20 Number he had in total.
1. Meninges- it consist of durameter arachnoid and piameter. Piamete.pdf
1. Meninges- it consist of durameter arachnoid and piameter. Piameter is innermost.
2. choroid plexusproduce cerebrospinal fluid. It acts as a cushion for the brain\'s cortex and
spinal chord and also act as blood brain barrier.
3. corpus callosum, which helps in communication between the right and left brain hemispheres,
is present only in placental mammals.
4.The brainstem connects to the spinal cord and consists of the medulla oblongata, pons and
midbrain.
5. external ear is called Auricle or pinna
6. Three bones in the middle ear (tympanic cavity): the hammer (malleus), the anvil (incus) and
the stirrup (stapes). The vibrations are transmitted further into the ear via them.
7. An organ in our inner ear, the labyrinth, is important for our equilibrium.
8. Vitreous humour is the transparent jelly-like tissue filling the eyeball between the lens and
retina. It protects retina.
9. three layes of eye : fibrous tunic (the outer layer of the eyeball), vascular tunic and nervous
tunic.
10. Extraocular muscles
Solution
1. Meninges- it consist of durameter arachnoid and piameter. Piameter is innermost.
2. choroid plexusproduce cerebrospinal fluid. It acts as a cushion for the brain\'s cortex and
spinal chord and also act as blood brain barrier.
3. corpus callosum, which helps in communication between the right and left brain hemispheres,
is present only in placental mammals.
4.The brainstem connects to the spinal cord and consists of the medulla oblongata, pons and
midbrain.
5. external ear is called Auricle or pinna
6. Three bones in the middle ear (tympanic cavity): the hammer (malleus), the anvil (incus) and
the stirrup (stapes). The vibrations are transmitted further into the ear via them.
7. An organ in our inner ear, the labyrinth, is important for our equilibrium.
8. Vitreous humour is the transparent jelly-like tissue filling the eyeball between the lens and
retina. It protects retina.
9. three layes of eye : fibrous tunic (the outer layer of the eyeball), vascular tunic and nervous
tunic.
10. Extraocular muscles.
More Related Content
Similar to a tenancy in common.Reason for a.a.A way for two or more people .pdf
Personal PropertyThis week’s lectures will focus on tangible pro.docx
Personal Property
This week’s lectures will focus on tangible property. There are two main divisions in property: the law dealing with real property (land and items permanently attached to land) and the law dealing with personal property (all other items). The essence of property law is ownership. This ownership may be held outright, or it may be held in common with others as a joint tenant. Ownership interests are acquired in many ways including by possession (in the case of wild animals hunted or finding lost and abandoned property), by production, or by gift. A gift is a voluntary transfer of property ownership not supported by consideration.
There are three elements to a valid gift:
· Donative intent- this is ascertained by the language of the donor and the surrounding circumstances.
· Delivery- this requires giving up dominion and control of the item. With some items, constructive delivery may be applied. This is true, for example, in the situation where a key to a car is given symbolizing that the car has been given.
· Acceptance- the donee must accept the gift. This is generally assumed.
Gifts are ordinarily unconditional. However, the gift may be conditional in some situations. A gift causa mortis, for example, is a gift given in anticipation of death. If the donor (gift giver) does not die, the gift becomes invalid.
Mislaid, lost or abandoned property presents difficult challenges in the area of personal property law. Mislaid property gives the owner—not a random finder—the first claim to the property. Mislaid property is property that the owner did not intend to lose. However, if the owner does not claim the property the finder may keep it. Lost property is treated similarly. The owner has the first claim. However, the finder may keep it if the owner does not claim it (many states require the finder to seek out the owner). Finally, property that has been intentionally abandoned is the finder's, as the owner is presumed to have surrendered all rights in ownership in possession.
The final area of law we need to discuss is bailments. Bailments are created when an owner gives possession (but not ownership) to another temporarily. Most bailments are created by agreement. And although the elements of a contract may be present, this is not necessarily true except in the case of a commercial bailment, for example, where a patron gives a suit to a dry cleaner. The bailment is created when:
· Personal property is;
· Delivered without title;
· Under an agreement that property be returned to the bailor or otherwise disposed of according to the owners instructions.
Delivery requires the bailee to surrender exclusive possession and control to the bailor who must accept the property. The agreement does not need to be in writing for bailments lasting less than a year. The bailment gives the bailee certain rights including the right of temporary control and possession of the bailed property, use of the property for the purpos.
CAPE Property Law by Shawn Freeman.pdf
This is a complete summary of the CAPE UNIT 2 MODULE 3 property law course. Answering questions and essay writing will be done in a separate presentation. The presentation seeks to summarize the requirements set by the examiners and outlined by the syllabus to assist students preparing for the exam a quick reference guide. Property law for CAPE can be seen as a complex area of study based on some of the principles employed, however CAPE focuses on the core principles set down within the Caribbean legal systems and with some of it's origins from the Roman/Dutch laws and principles The UK English common law system still plays much of an active role in the development of these principles, however with a few changes made by various regions. This presentation however was written to focus on one jurisdiction as CAPE is specific to every region of law and the body of law that governs that region, however once again, the key principles apply across the Caribbean regardless of jurisdiction. It is to note that easements was not included in this presentation since for the benefit of University students a separate presentation on the topic which covers both A levels and university was done. All the best in the exams students.
Chapter 32 The real estate exists 225After readi.docx
Chapter 32: The real estate exists 225
After reading this chapter, you will be able to:
• distinguish between personal property and real estate;
• comprehend the physical characteristics of real estate;
• understand a property’s appurtenant and riparian rights; and
• determine whether an item is a property fixture or trade fixture.
Learning
Objectives
The real estate exists
Chapter
32
For most people, the term “property” means a physical or tangible thing.
However, property can be more broadly defined, focusing on the rights
which arise out of the object. Thus, property is referred to as a bundle of
rights in a thing, which for the purposes of this material, is real estate.
Further, property is anything which can be owned. In turn, ownership is
the right to possess the property owned and use it to the exclusion of others.1
The right to possess and use property includes the right to:
• occupy;
• sell or dispose;
1 Calif. Civil Code §654
Physical and
legal aspects
of real estate
appurtenant rights
common interest
development (CID)
mechanic’s lien
fixture
lien
personal property
profit a prendre
real estate
riparian right
trade fixture
Key Terms
For a further discussion of this topic, see Chapter 3 of Legal Aspects of
Real Estate.
226 Real Estate Principles, Second Edition
• encumber; or
• lease the property.
Property is divided into two primary categories:
• real estate, also called real property or realty; and
• personal property, also called personalty.2
Real estate is characterized as immovable, whereas personal property is
movable.3
Personal property is defined, by way of exclusion, as all property which is
not classified as real estate.4
While the distinction between real estate and personal property seems
apparent at first glance, the difference is not always so clear.
Real estate can be physically cut up by severance of a part of the earth (i.e.,
removal of minerals). Title to real estate can also be cut up in terms of time,
providing sequential ownership.
For example, fee ownership can be conveyed to one person for life, and on
their death, transferred by the fee owner to another. Time sharing is another
example of the allocation of ownership by time, such as the exclusive right
to occupy a space for only three weeks during the year.
Title to real estate can also be fractionalized by concurrently vesting title
in the name of co-owners, such as tenants-in-common who each hold an
undivided (fractional) ownership interest in the real estate.
Possession to real estate can be cut out of the fee ownership for a period of
time. For instance, the fee owner of real estate acting as a landlord conveys
possession of the property to a tenant under a lease agreement for the term of
a lease. When the tenancy expires or is terminated, possession of the property
will revert to the landlord. The landlord retains fee title to the real estat ...
Chapter 32 The real estate exists 225After readi.docx
Chapter 32: The real estate exists 225
After reading this chapter, you will be able to:
• distinguish between personal property and real estate;
• comprehend the physical characteristics of real estate;
• understand a property’s appurtenant and riparian rights; and
• determine whether an item is a property fixture or trade fixture.
Learning
Objectives
The real estate exists
Chapter
32
For most people, the term “property” means a physical or tangible thing.
However, property can be more broadly defined, focusing on the rights
which arise out of the object. Thus, property is referred to as a bundle of
rights in a thing, which for the purposes of this material, is real estate.
Further, property is anything which can be owned. In turn, ownership is
the right to possess the property owned and use it to the exclusion of others.1
The right to possess and use property includes the right to:
• occupy;
• sell or dispose;
1 Calif. Civil Code §654
Physical and
legal aspects
of real estate
appurtenant rights
common interest
development (CID)
mechanic’s lien
fixture
lien
personal property
profit a prendre
real estate
riparian right
trade fixture
Key Terms
For a further discussion of this topic, see Chapter 3 of Legal Aspects of
Real Estate.
226 Real Estate Principles, Second Edition
• encumber; or
• lease the property.
Property is divided into two primary categories:
• real estate, also called real property or realty; and
• personal property, also called personalty.2
Real estate is characterized as immovable, whereas personal property is
movable.3
Personal property is defined, by way of exclusion, as all property which is
not classified as real estate.4
While the distinction between real estate and personal property seems
apparent at first glance, the difference is not always so clear.
Real estate can be physically cut up by severance of a part of the earth (i.e.,
removal of minerals). Title to real estate can also be cut up in terms of time,
providing sequential ownership.
For example, fee ownership can be conveyed to one person for life, and on
their death, transferred by the fee owner to another. Time sharing is another
example of the allocation of ownership by time, such as the exclusive right
to occupy a space for only three weeks during the year.
Title to real estate can also be fractionalized by concurrently vesting title
in the name of co-owners, such as tenants-in-common who each hold an
undivided (fractional) ownership interest in the real estate.
Possession to real estate can be cut out of the fee ownership for a period of
time. For instance, the fee owner of real estate acting as a landlord conveys
possession of the property to a tenant under a lease agreement for the term of
a lease. When the tenancy expires or is terminated, possession of the property
will revert to the landlord. The landlord retains fee title to the real estat.
Group report in Property (Modes of Extinguishing Ownership)
Group report in Property (Modes of Extinguishing Ownership)
Reporters:
- Mark Jerome Dizon
- Karen P. Lustica
- Randel Bejasa
- Rolando Acuña
nnfile_1704271503_0007730_PLSESSION7.pptx
The Transfer of Property Act, 1882 deals with a) various specific transfers relating to immovable property. b) general principles relating to the transfer of movables and immovable property. Chapter II of The Transfer of Property Act, 1882 deals with both movable and immovable property. Section 58 to 104 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 deals with mortgages and charges.
Transferable and Non-Transferable Property.pptx
jhuyegfuhdbfhuewygfrewbgdhcudyfgewyurbfyfgwiebhjflgydlifkhewygfkdjFRBEW
Property Law Red Ppt
A basic guide to property law. Since this is based on common law and applies to the law of the land - please check your state property statutes for modern codes. This is intended for law students and builds a foundation for the law of property law - each states laws vary. Thank you!
Modes of acquisition of easement
The presentation deals with different aspects of easements comprising definition, essential elements, classification, modes of acquisition, grant, prescription, customary easement, operation of law, etc.
Similar to a tenancy in common.Reason for a.a.A way for two or more people .pdf (20)
Personal PropertyThis week’s lectures will focus on tangible pro.docx
Personal PropertyThis week’s lectures will focus on tangible pro.docx
Economic Business and Commercial Laws-pages-387-427.pdf
Economic Business and Commercial Laws-pages-387-427.pdf
Chapter 32 The real estate exists 225After readi.docx
Chapter 32 The real estate exists 225After readi.docx
Chapter 32 The real estate exists 225After readi.docx
Chapter 32 The real estate exists 225After readi.docx
Group report in Property (Modes of Extinguishing Ownership)
Group report in Property (Modes of Extinguishing Ownership)
TRANSFER OF LAND OWNERSHIP THOUGH FRANT WITH THE GUARANTEED OBJECT
TRANSFER OF LAND OWNERSHIP THOUGH FRANT WITH THE GUARANTEED OBJECT
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10 (number of bags John had) +10 (number sister gave to him)=20 Numb.pdf
10 (number of bags John had) +10 (number sister gave to him)=20 Number he had in total
Solution
10 (number of bags John had) +10 (number sister gave to him)=20 Number he had in total.
1. Meninges- it consist of durameter arachnoid and piameter. Piamete.pdf
1. Meninges- it consist of durameter arachnoid and piameter. Piameter is innermost.
2. choroid plexusproduce cerebrospinal fluid. It acts as a cushion for the brain\'s cortex and
spinal chord and also act as blood brain barrier.
3. corpus callosum, which helps in communication between the right and left brain hemispheres,
is present only in placental mammals.
4.The brainstem connects to the spinal cord and consists of the medulla oblongata, pons and
midbrain.
5. external ear is called Auricle or pinna
6. Three bones in the middle ear (tympanic cavity): the hammer (malleus), the anvil (incus) and
the stirrup (stapes). The vibrations are transmitted further into the ear via them.
7. An organ in our inner ear, the labyrinth, is important for our equilibrium.
8. Vitreous humour is the transparent jelly-like tissue filling the eyeball between the lens and
retina. It protects retina.
9. three layes of eye : fibrous tunic (the outer layer of the eyeball), vascular tunic and nervous
tunic.
10. Extraocular muscles
Solution
1. Meninges- it consist of durameter arachnoid and piameter. Piameter is innermost.
2. choroid plexusproduce cerebrospinal fluid. It acts as a cushion for the brain\'s cortex and
spinal chord and also act as blood brain barrier.
3. corpus callosum, which helps in communication between the right and left brain hemispheres,
is present only in placental mammals.
4.The brainstem connects to the spinal cord and consists of the medulla oblongata, pons and
midbrain.
5. external ear is called Auricle or pinna
6. Three bones in the middle ear (tympanic cavity): the hammer (malleus), the anvil (incus) and
the stirrup (stapes). The vibrations are transmitted further into the ear via them.
7. An organ in our inner ear, the labyrinth, is important for our equilibrium.
8. Vitreous humour is the transparent jelly-like tissue filling the eyeball between the lens and
retina. It protects retina.
9. three layes of eye : fibrous tunic (the outer layer of the eyeball), vascular tunic and nervous
tunic.
10. Extraocular muscles.
1. B is correct.2. A is correct.Solution1. B is correct.2..pdf
1. B is correct.
2. A is correct.
Solution
1. B is correct.
2. A is correct..
This should mean you want your base to have a pH .pdf
This should mean you want your base to have a pH of 13.5. I don\'t know what
material you are starting with but lets say its a base then you know: pOH = 14-pH = 0.5 Thus,
pOH = -log[OH-] [OH-] = 10^-0.5 And you know concentration is expressed in mol/L so you
can easily calculate volume consequently. Please don\'t forget to rate, good luck studying!
Solution
This should mean you want your base to have a pH of 13.5. I don\'t know what
material you are starting with but lets say its a base then you know: pOH = 14-pH = 0.5 Thus,
pOH = -log[OH-] [OH-] = 10^-0.5 And you know concentration is expressed in mol/L so you
can easily calculate volume consequently. Please don\'t forget to rate, good luck studying!.
Solvent Ethanol Solute Sucrose .pdf
Solvent: Ethanol Solute: Sucrose
Solution
Solvent: Ethanol Solute: Sucrose.
Tea is boiled with water so that water soluble co.pdf
Tea is boiled with water so that water soluble compounds would be extracted from
dry tea leaves!!
Solution
Tea is boiled with water so that water soluble compounds would be extracted from
dry tea leaves!!.
Step1 Half life of C14 = 5720 years ;Rate constan.pdf
Step1 Half life of C14 = 5720 years ;Rate constant = [.6931/5720] Step2 Initial
concentration is proportional to 1430 and final concentration is proportional to 452. Step3 t =
[2.303 x5720/.6931] log[1430/452] years
Solution
Step1 Half life of C14 = 5720 years ;Rate constant = [.6931/5720] Step2 Initial
concentration is proportional to 1430 and final concentration is proportional to 452. Step3 t =
[2.303 x5720/.6931] log[1430/452] years.
last updated Friday, August 14, 2009 Introductio.pdf
last updated Friday, August 14, 2009 Introduction Thin-layer chromatography
(TLC) is a very commonly used technique in synthetic chemistry for identifying compounds,
determining their purity and following the progress of a reaction. It also permits the optimization
of the solvent system for a given separation problem. In comparison with column
chromatography, it only requires small quantities of the compound (~ng) and is much faster as
well. Stationary Phase As stationary phase, a special finely ground matrix (silica gel, alumina,
or similar material) is coated on a glass plate, a metal or a plastic film as a thin layer (~0.25 mm).
In addition a binder like gypsum is mixed into the stationary phase to make it stick better to the
slide. In many cases, a fluorescent powder is mixed into the stationary phase to simplify the
visualization later on (e.g. bright green when you expose it to 254 nm UV light). Preparing the
Plate Do not touch the TLC plate on the side with the white surface. In order to obtain an
imaginary start line, make two notches on each side of the TLC plate. You can also draw a thin
line with pencil. Do not use pen. Why? The start line should be 0.5-1 cm from the bottom of the
plate. Capillary spotters Place a melting point capillary and in the dark blue part of the
Bunsen burner flame. Hold it there until it softens and starts to sag. Quickly remove the capillary
from the flame and pull on both ends to about 2-3 times its original length. If you pull the
capillary inside the flame, you will have a \"piece of art\", but not a good spotter. Allow the
capillary to cool down, and then break it in the middle. Make sure that you break off the closed
end on one of them. Do not use gloves when you pull capillaries. You will have much better
control without them! Watch movie how to pull capillaries here here Spotting the plate The
thin end of the spotter is placed in the dilute solution; the solution will rise up in the capillary
(capillary forces). Touch the plate briefly at the start line. Allow the solvent to evaporate and
spot at the same place again. This way you will get a concentrated and small spot. Try to avoid
spotting too much material, because this will deteriorate the quality of the separation
considerably (‘tailing’). The spots should be far enough away from the edges and from each
other as well. If possible, you should spot the compound or mixture together with the starting
materials and possible intermediates on the plate. They will serve as internal reference since
every TLC plate is slightly different. Developing a Plate A TLC plate can be developed in a
beaker or closed jar (see picture below). Place a small amount of solvent (= mobile phase) in the
container. The solvent level has to be below the starting line of the TLC, otherwise the spots will
dissolve away. The lower edge of the plate is then dipped in a solvent. The solvent (eluent)
travels up the matrix by capillarity, moving the components of the samples at v.
if u have calculated the differential equations t.pdf
if u have calculated the differential equations then i can calculate it......
Solution
if u have calculated the differential equations then i can calculate it.......
Entropy is related to the disorderness in the sys.pdf
Entropy is related to the disorderness in the system therefore, the option d is
incorrect.
Solution
Entropy is related to the disorderness in the system therefore, the option d is
incorrect..
Decompression sickness (DCS; also known as divers.pdf
Decompression sickness (DCS; also known as divers\' disease, the bends or caisson
disease) describes a condition arising from dissolved gases coming out of solution into bubbles
inside the body on depressurization. DCS most commonly refers to a specific type of scuba
diving hazard but may be experienced in other depressurisation events such as caisson working,
flying in unpressurised aircraft, and extra-vehicular activity from spacecraft. Since bubbles can
form in or migrate to any part of the body, DCS can produce many symptoms, and its effects
may vary from joint pain and rashes to paralysis and death. Individual susceptibility can vary
from day to day, and different individuals under the same conditions may be affected differently
or not at all. The classification of types of DCS by its symptoms has evolved since its original
description over a hundred years ago. Although DCS is not a common event, its potential
severity is such that much research has gone into preventing it, and scuba divers use dive tables
or dive computers to set limits on their exposure to pressure and their ascent speed. Treatment is
by hyperbaric oxygen therapy in a recompression chamber. If treated early, there is a
significantly higher chance of successful recovery. The term dysbarism encompasses
decompression sickness, arterial gas embolism, and barotrauma, whereas decompression
sickness and arterial gas embolism are commonly classified together as decompression illness
when a precise diagnosis cannot be made. DCS and arterial gas embolism are treated very
similarly because they are both the result of gas bubbles in the body. The U.S. Navy prescribes
identical treatment for Type II DCS and arterial gas embolism. Their spectra of symptoms also
overlap, although those from arterial gas embolism are generally more severe because they often
arise from an infarction (blockage of blood supply and tissue death) DCS is caused by a
reduction in ambient pressure that results in the formation of bubbles of inert gases within tissues
of the body. It may happen when leaving a high-pressure environment, ascending from depth, or
ascending to altitude DCS is best known as a diving disorder that affects divers having breathed
gas that is at a higher pressure than the surface pressure, owing to the pressure of the surrounding
water. The risk of DCS increases when diving for extended periods or at greater depth, without
ascending gradually and making the decompression stops needed to slowly reduce the excess
pressure of inert gases dissolved in the body. The specific risk factors are not well understood
and some divers may be more susceptible than others under identical conditions. DCS has been
confirmed in rare cases of breath-holding divers who have made a sequence of many deep dives
with short surface intervals; and it may be the cause of the disease called taravana by South
Pacific island natives who for centuries have dived by breath-holding for food and pearls. Two
principal f.
turnover ratio=Average assets sold by the fundAverage daily assets.pdf
turnover ratio=Average assets sold by the fund/Average daily assets
which is equal to
=($413*1,000,000)/($3.5*1,000,000,000)
which is equal to
=11.8%
Solution
turnover ratio=Average assets sold by the fund/Average daily assets
which is equal to
=($413*1,000,000)/($3.5*1,000,000,000)
which is equal to
=11.8%.
The correct answer isE. Normal rework common to all jobs is charge.pdf
The correct answer is
E. Normal rework common to all jobs is charged to the Work-In-Process Inventory account
Solution
The correct answer is
E. Normal rework common to all jobs is charged to the Work-In-Process Inventory account.
The actual exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide takes place between.pdf
The actual exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide takes place between the capillaries and the
alveoli of the lungs by a process known as diffusion. This is due to a difference in the partial
pressure of the gases in these structures.
Solution
The actual exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide takes place between the capillaries and the
alveoli of the lungs by a process known as diffusion. This is due to a difference in the partial
pressure of the gases in these structures..
pH = 10.21 pOH = 14-10.21=3.79 [OH-] = 10-pOH = 1.622x10-4 M.pdf
pH = 10.21
pOH = 14-10.21=3.79
[OH-] = 10-pOH = 1.622x10-4 M
[M2+] = 0.5[OH-] = 8.11x10-5 M
Ksp = [M2+][OH-]2
Ksp = 2.133x10-12
Solution
pH = 10.21
pOH = 14-10.21=3.79
[OH-] = 10-pOH = 1.622x10-4 M
[M2+] = 0.5[OH-] = 8.11x10-5 M
Ksp = [M2+][OH-]2
Ksp = 2.133x10-12.
import java.awt.;class FlowLayoutDemo { public static void.pdf
import java.awt.*;
class FlowLayoutDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// frane object creation
Frame f=new Frame();
//setting name
f.setTitle(\"cruel\");
f.setBackground(Color.cyan);
f.setForeground(Color.red);
f.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
Button b1=new Button(\"Submit\");
Button b2=new Button(\"Cancel\");
//creating two lables
f.add(b1);
f.add(b2);
//setting size
f.setSize(500,300);
f.setVisible(car);
}
}
Solution
import java.awt.*;
class FlowLayoutDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// frane object creation
Frame f=new Frame();
//setting name
f.setTitle(\"cruel\");
f.setBackground(Color.cyan);
f.setForeground(Color.red);
f.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
Button b1=new Button(\"Submit\");
Button b2=new Button(\"Cancel\");
//creating two lables
f.add(b1);
f.add(b2);
//setting size
f.setSize(500,300);
f.setVisible(car);
}
}.
Hedgehog (Hh) signalling in tracheal cell migration The main chem.pdf
Hedgehog (Hh) signalling in tracheal cell migration :
The main chemoattractant involved in tracheal cell migration is fibroblast growth factor (FGF)
homologue branchless (Bnl).
Bnl activates the FGF receptor (FGFR) breathless (Btl) on the tracheal tip-cells leading to the
migration of tracheal cells.
Hedegehog (Hh) can regulate tracheal cell migration in two ways, the direct effect and the
indirect effect.
In the direct effect, Hh expression results in the extension of the termianl cells of the dorsal
branch.
The indirect effect of Hh in tracheal cell migration is through the positive regulation of bnl
expression.
The bnl expression is regulated by Hh signalling via a transcription factor known as stripe.
Solution
Hedgehog (Hh) signalling in tracheal cell migration :
The main chemoattractant involved in tracheal cell migration is fibroblast growth factor (FGF)
homologue branchless (Bnl).
Bnl activates the FGF receptor (FGFR) breathless (Btl) on the tracheal tip-cells leading to the
migration of tracheal cells.
Hedegehog (Hh) can regulate tracheal cell migration in two ways, the direct effect and the
indirect effect.
In the direct effect, Hh expression results in the extension of the termianl cells of the dorsal
branch.
The indirect effect of Hh in tracheal cell migration is through the positive regulation of bnl
expression.
The bnl expression is regulated by Hh signalling via a transcription factor known as stripe..
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a tenancy in common.Reason for a.a.A way for two or more people .pdf
- 1. a tenancy in common. Reason for a. a.A way for two or more people to have equal ownership interests in a property. Each owner has the right to leave his or her share of the property to any beneficiary upon the owner's death. Each party (owner) in a tenancy-in-common agreement has the right to use the property even if the physical size of the stake is different. b.In common law and statutory law, a life estate is the ownership of land for the duration of a person's life. In legal terms it is an estate in real property that ends at death when ownership of the property may revert to the original owner, or it may pass to another person. In this case, Land is not in question. (Stock) c.A type of property right where two or more people own or rent a property together, each with equal rights and obligations, until one owner dies. Upon an owner's death, that owner's interest in the property passes to the survivors without the property having to go through probate. In this case, ownership is transferred without the property having to go through probate, but in the current case compliance with title deed is required. d.A method in some states by which married couples can hold the title to a property. In order for one spouse to modify his or her interest in the property in any way, the consent of both spouses is required by tenants by entirety. It also provides that when one spouse passes away, the surviving spouse gains full ownership of the property. Current case is based on brother and sister not married couple. Solution a tenancy in common. Reason for a. a.A way for two or more people to have equal ownership interests in a property. Each owner has the right to leave his or her share of the property to any beneficiary upon the owner's death. Each party (owner) in a tenancy-in-common agreement has the right to use the property even if the physical size of the stake is different. b.In common law and statutory law, a life estate is the ownership of land for the duration of a person's life. In legal terms it is an estate in real property that ends at death when ownership of the property may revert to the original owner, or it may pass to another person. In this case, Land is not in question. (Stock) c.A type of property right where two or more people own or rent a property together, each with equal rights and obligations, until one owner dies. Upon an owner's death, that owner's interest
- 2. in the property passes to the survivors without the property having to go through probate. In this case, ownership is transferred without the property having to go through probate, but in the current case compliance with title deed is required. d.A method in some states by which married couples can hold the title to a property. In order for one spouse to modify his or her interest in the property in any way, the consent of both spouses is required by tenants by entirety. It also provides that when one spouse passes away, the surviving spouse gains full ownership of the property. Current case is based on brother and sister not married couple.