The document outlines the significance of the financial sector in India, highlighting its role in connecting consumers with businesses for investment and borrowing. It covers various financial segments, including mutual funds, stock markets, insurance, banking, public provident funds, gold, real estate, and post office services, detailing their merits and demerits. Overall, it emphasizes the importance of a well-functioning financial system in fostering economic growth and stability.

1. l
sectors
in India
“Financial service providers act as the
lubricating oil in the Economy. They link
consumers who want to invest their
savings for a good return with companies
who want to borrow on best terms for
expansion”
So, let’s join us on a journey to explore
the major financial segments of India.
- Shivangi
Chaurasiya
(IMS MGKVP)

2. Introduction &
Meaning
• The financial sector consists of
businesses, corporations, banks, and other
financial institutions providing financial
services and sustaining an economy.
• It reflects the state of the economy and
has a significant impact on it through
interest rates, mortgages and loans, debt
financing, and capital funds.
• In times of recession or financial crisis,
the government provides immediate
assistance to the sector.
• The sector’s two main pillars are banking
and insurance, which provide loans,
mortgages, and insurance policies.

3. Types of
Financial
Sectors
 Stock Market
 Mutual Fund
 Insurance
 Banks
 Public Provident Fund
 Gold
 Post Office
 Real Estate

4. 1. Mutual
Funds
• A mutual fund is a company that pools money
from many investors and invests the money in
securities such as stocks, bonds, and short-
term debt.
• The combined holdings of the mutual fund are
known as its portfolio. Investors buy shares in
mutual funds.
• Each share represents an investor’s part
ownership in the fund and the income it
generates.

5. Why do People Buy Mutual Funds
?
Professional Management - The fund
managers do the research for you.
They select the securities and monitor
the performance.
Diversification - “Don’t put all your
eggs in one basket.” Mutual funds
typically invest in a range of
companies and industries. This helps
to lower your risk if one company
fails.
Affordability - Most mutual funds set
a relatively low dollar amount for
initial investment and subsequent
purchases.
Liquidity - Mutual fund investors can
easily redeem their shares at any
time, for the current net asset value
(NAV) plus any redemption fees.

6. Benefits & Risk of
Mutual Funds
• Dividend Payments - A fund may earn income from
dividends on stock or interest on bonds. The fund then pays
the shareholders nearly all the income, less expenses.
• Capital Gains Distributions - The price of the securities in a
fund may increase. When a fund sells a security that has
increased in price, the fund has a capital gain. At the end of
the year, the fund distributes these capital gains, minus any
capital losses, to investors.
• Increased NAV - If the market value of a fund’s portfolio
increases, after deducting expenses, then the value of the
fund and its shares increases. The higher NAV reflects the
higher value of your investment.
All funds carry some level of risk. With mutual funds, you may
lose some or all of the money you invest because the securities
held by a fund can go down in value. Dividends or interest
payments may also change as market conditions change.

7. Trading
in
Mutual Funds

8. 2. Stock
Market/Share
Market
• Stock markets are venues where buyers and
sellers meet to exchange equity shares of
public corporations.
• Stock markets are components of a free-
market economy because they enable
democratized access to investor trading and
exchange of capital.
• Stock markets create efficient price
discovery and efficient dealing.
• The U.S. stock market is regulated by the
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
and local regulatory bodies.

9. Merits
• Liquidity
• Capital Formation
• Transparency
• Ownership
• Investment Opportunity
Demerits
• Volatility
• Fraud
• Risk
• Time Consuming

10. 3. Insurance
• Insurance is a contract (policy) in
which an insurer indemnifies another
against losses from specific
contingencies or perils.
• There are many types of insurance
policies. Life, health, homeowners, and
auto are among the most common
forms of insurance.
• The core components that make up
most insurance policies are the
premium, deductible, and policy limits.

11. Merits
• Compensation
• Tax Benefit
• Financial Support
• Assurance
Demerits
• Lengthy Legal Formalities
• Tricky Terms & conditions
• Potential Crime Incidents

12. 4. Banking
Institutio
ns
• A bank is a financial
institution licensed to
receive deposits and
make loans.
• There are several
types of banks
including retail,
commercial, and
investment banks.
• In most countries,
banks are regulated by
the national
government or central
bank.

13. 5. Public
Provident
Fund
• The Public Provident Fund (PPF)
scheme is a very popular long-term
savings scheme in India because of
its combination of tax savings,
returns, and safety.
• The PPF scheme was launched in
1968 by the Finance Ministry's
National Savings Institute.
• The main objective of the scheme
is to help individuals make small
savings and provide returns on the
savings.
• The PPF scheme offers an
attractive rate of interest and no
tax is required to be paid on the
returns that are generated from
the interest rates.

14. Merits
• Safest
• Assured returns
• Tax benefits
• Liquidity
Demerits
• Upper limit
• Longer lock in period
• Accumulated Corpous
may not high

15. 6. Gold
• Gold funds are investment
vehicles that offer exposure to
gold.
• They come in a variety of forms,
but three popular varieties are
those investing in physical gold,
gold futures contracts, and gold
mining companies.
• Investors interested in hedging
against inflation generally opt for
gold funds that hold gold bullion
or futures.
• whereas investors who are
particularly bullish on gold tend
to also incorporate gold mining
companies.

16. Merits
• Eternal metal
• Diversity into portfolio
• Significant hedging opportunities
• Liquidity
Demerits
• Problem of storage
• Volatile price
• Brokerage Fee (ETFs)
• Prices Go down

17. 7. Real
Estate
• Real estate is considered real
property that includes land
and anything permanently
attached to it or built on it,
whether natural or man-made.
• There are five main categories
of real estate which include
residential, commercial,
industrial, raw land, and
special use.
• Investing in real estate
includes purchasing a home,
rental property, or land.
• Indirect investment in real
estate can be made via REITs
or through pooled real estate
investment.

18. Merits
• Easier to understand
• Improvable
• Hedge against inflation
• Exist in an inefficient market
• Financial and leveraged
Demerits
• High transaction cost
• Low liquidity
• Requires maintenance and management
• Significant inefficiencies
• Creates liabilities

19. 8. Post
Office
• The Financial service offered
by Post office includes Savings
and Postal Life Insurance (PLI)
/ Rural Postal Life Insurance
(RPLI). The Post Office small
savings scheme provides a
secure, risk free and attractive
investment option for the small
investors and offers the savings
products across its 1,55,000
Post offices.
• The Post Office savings bank is
the oldest and by far the
largest banking system in the
country, serving the
investment need of both urban
and rural clientele. These
services are offered as an
agency service for the Ministry
of Finance, Government of
India. Several products on offer

20. Top Financial
Services
Companies
 Mahindra and Mahindra Financial
Services Ltd.
 HDB Finance Services
 Bajaj Finance Ltd
 IDFC First Bank Ltd
 Muthoot Finance Ltd
 Tata Capital Financial Services Ltd
 Aditya Birla Finance Ltd
 Cholamandalam Investment & Finance
Company Limited
 L&T Finance Holdings Ltd

21. Conclusion
Like any other sector, the Indian financial system and types of financial
services have their own set of merits and demerits. It depends on one’s
own analysis and study of the subject matter and the benefits availed by
them.
“ Well functioning financial systems are important in achieving
sustained growth. They play a crucial role in channelizing household
savings into corporate sector and allocating investment funds among
firms”
- Thank
You
- Shivangi
Chaurasiya
(IMS