8. Defensive Response
Operations (HM Operations)
Isolation
Notification
Identification
Protection
– Level B and D
Spill Control
– Product Confinement
Fire Control
Recovery and Termination
10. Life Safety
Isolation
– Deny entry
– Don’t expose anyone else
– Keep the dirty people in the hot zone
Set up an Area of Safe Refuge then decon
Notification
– BFD HazMat Team
– Williamson County HazMat Response Group
– Williamson County EMA and EMS
– Nashville Fire Department HazMat
11. Isolation
Deny entry by public and other responders
– Stay 300 feet away – uphill and upwind
– Block access with apparatus
– Use PD to block other avenues
– Exercise extreme caution with downwind and
downstream access
– Establish Area of Safe Refuge for contaminated
persons (uphill/upwind but still in Hot Zone)
12. Evacuation
Takes a lot of time…consider it early!
Be proactive…get ahead of the power
curve!
But, stick with the NAERG initial
isolation distances and protective
action distances…they are defensible
in court.
The higher the vapor pressure…or
lower the IDLH - the greater the
likelihood of evacuation.
13. Life Safety
Identification
– Based on:
Occupancy and location
Container shapes and sizes
Markings and colors
Placards and labels
Documents and papers
Senses
– Distance from incident decreases and risk
increases as you go down the list
14. Life Safety
Protection
– Isolation zones (hot, warm, cold)
– CPE (Level A, B, C or D)
– Decontamination (mass, emergency and
technical)
– Air monitoring
– Medical monitoring
– Rehabilitation
15. Protection
Four levels of CPE
– Level A – vapor tight with SCBA
– Level B – splash protection with SCBA
– Level C – splash protection with APR
– Level D – turnouts/work clothes
16. CPE vs. Incident Types
9 Hazard Classes
Each hazard class typically has a level of
CPE associated with it
We are only concerned with three of them
(Level A, B, and D) – 75%
Initial responders are only concerned with
one (Level D) – makes it easy!
Caveat is that you are sufficient distance
away – out of the hot zone!
17. Hazard Classes and CPE
Class 1 – Explosives Class 5 – Oxidizers
– Level D – Level D
Class 2 – Gases Class 6 – Poisons
– Poison – Level A – Gases – Level A
– Others – Level D – Others – Level B
Class 3 – Liquids Class 7 – Rads
– Level D – Level D
Class 4 – Solids Class 8 – Corrosives
– Level D – Level A or B
Class 9 – ORM’s
– ?
18. Level A CPE
High level of protection
Vapor tight CPE
Highest level of respiratory protection
with SCBA
Technician level activity
Requires:
– Two in – Two Out
– Technical and Emergency Decon
19. Level B CPE
Second highest level of protection
Splash protection coupled with highest level
of respiratory protection with SCBA
Operations level activity in defensive mode
Requires
– Two In – Two Out
– Technical and Emergency Decontamination
20. Level C CPE
Lowest level of chemical protection
Splash protection with lowest level of
respiratory protection with air purifying
respirator
APR’s require known identification and
concentration of contaminant
Not practical for initial response
21. Level D CPE
The ultimate in standoff protective attitude
Provides sub-minimal splash protection
SCBA provides highest level of respiratory
protection
Suitable protection for explosives,
flammable gases and liquids, flammable
solids, oxidizers, and radioactive
Works best when added with DISTANCE!
22. Incident Stabilization
Notification
– Who you gonna call? Call early and often!
Identification
– Operations level activity at a distance (binocs)
– Technician level activity hands on (HazCat)
Spill Control
– Operations level activity
23. Incident Stabilization
Leak Control
– Technician level activity
Fire Control
– Operations level activity
Recovery
– Will be handled by HM clean-up company
24. Decision Making
Use the DECIDE model
– Detect the problem
– Estimate the likely harm w/wo
intervention
– Choose response objectives
– Identify action options
– Do the best option
– Evaluate progress
25. Detect the problem
Occupancy and location
Container shapes and sizes
Markings and colors
Placards and labels
Information sources
Senses
26. Estimate likely harm
Stress – event begins w/stress to container
Breach – stress leads to container failing
Release – breach releases matter or energy
Engulf – matter or energy creates a zone of
danger
Impinge – matter or energy impinges on
exposures
Harm – impinged exposures will be harmed
based on chemical properties
27. Choose response
objectives
Offensive – requires HM techs to come
into close or physical contact with the
material
Defensive – requires HM ops to act to
prevent the material from spreading
Non-intervention – taking no action –
absolute defensiveness.
29. Do the best option
According to Callan, Hierarchy of
Decisions
– Quickest – usually the first and deadliest
– Easiest – usually the second – least
resource or labor intensive
– Best – 30 second rule – take your time.
30. Do the best option
Also consider:
According to Callan, two types of danger –
Matter
– Gases, vapors, liquids, and solids
Energy
– Radioactive, explosive, reactive, flammable,
thermal extremes, and mechanical hazards
Materials are toxic before they are
flammable – all flammables should be
considered toxic.
31. Evaluate your progress
Did it work?
Do you need more help?
Do you need to revise your incident
management system?
Do you need to revise your Incident
Action Plan?
32. Property Conservation
Spill Control
– Confine the spill to the smallest possible area
Leak Control
– Contain the spill to the container – reduce or
discontinue the spill
Recovery
– Recover spilled materials and return
environment to pre-spill condition
Terminate
– Paperwork and lessons learned