This document discusses the challenges of implementing human rights due diligence in mineral supply chains from conflict areas like the Democratic Republic of Congo. It introduces the UN framework for human rights due diligence and reviews multi-stakeholder initiatives aimed at increasing supply chain traceability and human rights compliance. However, it notes that initiatives face significant obstacles to implementation in the DRC due to issues like insecurity, informal mining and trade, and lack of local political will. Local perspectives are often missing from these initiatives as well.