Classification of Malocclusion

1. Classification of
Malocclusion

2. Introduction
• Malocclusion is defined as any
deviation from normal occlusion of
teeth .
• Occlusion
- Contact relationship between
maxillary and mandibular teeth in
function and parafunction.

3. Advantages of classifying
malocclusion
1. Helps in diagnosis and treatment
planning.
2. Helps in visualizing and understanding
the problem associated with
malocclusion.
3. Helps in communicating the problem.
4. Helps in comparisons of various
malocclusions.

4. Types of malocclusion
• Intra-arch malocclusion
• Inter-arch malocclusion
• Skeletal malocclusion

5. Intra-arch malocclusion
• Includes individual tooth
position, variations and
malocclusions affecting a
group of teeth within an arch.

6. Intra-arch malocclusion
 Distal inclination
 Mesial inclination
 Lingual inclination
 Buccal inclination
 Mesial displacement
 Distal displacement
 Lingual displacement
 Buccal displacement
 Infra version
 Supra version
 Rotations
 Distolingual/Mesiobuccal
 Mesiolingual/Distobuccal
 Transposition

7. Inclinations/ tipping

8. Displacements

9. Rotations

10. Supra/Infra versions

11. Inter-arch malocclusions
• Sagittal plane
• Vertical plane
• Transverse plane

12. Sagittal plane malocclusion
• Pre-normal occlusion
• Post-normal occlusion

13. Vertical plane malocclusion
• Deep bite
• Open bite

14. Transverse plane occlusion
• Bilateral crossbite
• Buccal non-occlusion
• Lingual non-occlusion

15. Crossbite & Scissor bite

16. Buccal/Lingual non-occlusion

17. Skeletal Malocclusions
• Sagittal, vertical and
transverse plane
• Prognathism
• Retrognathism

18. Various Classification Systems
• Angle’s system
• Dewey’s modification of Angle’s
classification
• Lischer’s modifications
• Simon’s classification
• Bennet’s Classification
• Ackerman-Profitt system

19. Angle’ s Classification system
• It was introduced by Edward Angle in
1899.
• Based on mesio-distal relationship of
teeth, dental arches and jaws.
• Maxillary 1st molar is taken as key to
occlusion.

20. • Class I
• Class II Division 1
• Class II Division 2
• Class III
Angle’ s Classification system

21. Angle’s Class I malocclusion

22. Angle’s Class II Division 1
• Convex profile
• Increased overjet
• Increased overbite
• Narrow maxilla
• Lip trap
• Hyperactive mentalis muscle

23. Angle’s Class II Division 1

24. Angle’s Class II Division 2
• Straight profile
• Reduced over-jet
• Increased overbite
• Square shaped arch
• Normal muscle activity
• Abnormal backward path of
mandibular closure

25. Angle’s Class II Division 2

26. Division 1 v/s Division 2
Features Division 1 Division 2
Overjet Increased Decreased
Profile Convex Straight
Lips Short, incompetent Normal
Arch form V shaped, narrow U shaped, square
Palate Deep Normal depth
Muscle activity Increases mentalis &
buccinator
Normal
Path of closure Normal Backward
Lower face height Normal/ increased Decreased
Malar process Not prominent Prominent

27. Class II Subdivision

28. Class III malocclusion
• True class III
• Pseudo Class III

29. True class III malocclusion
• Excessively large mandible
• Forwardly placed mandible
• Smaller than normal maxilla
• Retro-positioned maxilla
• Combination of above causes

30. True class III malocclusion

31. Pseudo class III malocclusion
• Habitual/ postural
• Occlusal prematurities
• Premature loss of deciduous
posteriors
• Enlarged adenoids

32. Class III subdivision
• Class III on one side and
class II/I on the other side.

33. Drawbacks of Angle’s Classification
• Only in A-P plane
• 1st permanent molars as not fixed points
• What if 1st molars are extracted or missing ??
• Deciduous dentition
• Not differentiate between skeletal & dental
malocclusions
• Etiology cannot be known
• Individual tooth malpositions

34. Dewey’s modification of Angle’s
system
• Angles class I into five types
• Angles class III into three
types

35. Class I modifications of Dewey
• Type 1: bunched/ crowded anterior
teeth
• Type 2: protrusive maxillary
incisors
• Type 3: anterior crossbite
• Type 4: posterior crossbite
• Type 5: molars drifted mesially

36. Class III modifications of Dewey
• Type 1: edge to edge incisor
relation
• Type 2: lower incisors are crowded
and lingual in relation to upper
incisors
• Type 3: upper incisors are
crowded & in crossbite with lower
incisors

37. Lischer’s modifications of Angle
classification
• Neutro-occlusion – Angle’s Class I
• Disto-occlusion – Angle’s Class II
• Mesio-occlusion – Angle’s Class III
• Bucco-occlusion
• Linguo-occlusion
• Supraocclusion
• Infraocclusion

38. Lischer’s modifications of Angle
classification
• Mesioversion
• Distoversion
• Linguoversion
• Labioversion
• Infraversion
• Supraversion
• Axiversion – Abnormal Axial inclination
• Torsiversion - Rotation
• Transversion - Transposition

39. Simon’s classification
• Craniometric classification
• A-P, transverse and vertical
planes
• Three planes:
- Frankfort horizontal plane
- Orbital plane
- Mid-sagittal plane

40. Simon’s Classification

41. Simon’s law of canine
. According to simon , Orbital
plane should pass from distal
third of upper canine

42. • Frankfort horizontal
- abstraction, attraction
• Orbital plane
- protraction, retraction
• Mid-sagittal plane
- distraction, contraction
Simon’s Classification

43. Bennet’s Classification
Class I – abnormal position of one or
more teeth due to local causes.
Class II – abnormal formation of a part/
whole of either arch due to
developmental defect of bone.
Class III – abnormal relation between
upper and lower arches and
between either arch and facial
contour and co-related abnormal
formation of either arch.

44. Ackerman-Profit Classification
• Venn symbolic diagram
• Transverse as well as vertical
discrepancies
• Crowding and arch symmetry
can be evaluated
• Incisor protrusion

46. Ackerman-Proffit Classification
Step 1: Alignment – ideal, crowded
or spaced
Step 2: Profile- Convex, Concave or
straight, Divergence
Step 3: Type- Cross bites
Step 4: Class – Class I, II, III
Step 5: Bite depth- Deep bite ,
Openbites