The document discusses homonyms, homographs, and homophones. Homonyms are words that have the same pronunciation and spelling but different meanings, like "row" and "row". Homographs have the same spelling but different pronunciations and meanings, such as "lead" and "lead". Homophones have the same pronunciation but different spellings and meanings, like "to", "too", and "two". Examples are provided for each term to illustrate the distinctions between homonyms, homographs, and homophones.