1. Understand safety and
emergency care skills
within the nurse aide
range of function.
Unit A
Nurse Aide Workplace Fundamentals
Essential Standard NA3.00
Understand infection control, safety and emergency skills within the nurse aide scope of practice.
Indicator 3.02
Understand nurse aide’s safety and emergency care skills within the nurse aide range of function
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 1
2. Nurse aide students mustNurse aide students must
holdhold currentcurrent certification incertification in
HEALTHCARE PROVIDERHEALTHCARE PROVIDER
BASIC LIFE SUPPORTBASIC LIFE SUPPORT andand
be assessed for skillbe assessed for skill
retention prior to clinical!retention prior to clinical!
REQUIREMENT:
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 2
5. NNational PPatient SSafety GGoals
for Long Term Care:Long Term Care:
1.1.Identify residents correctlyIdentify residents correctly
2.2.Use medicines safelyUse medicines safely
3.3.Prevent InfectionPrevent Infection
4.4.Check residents medicationsCheck residents medications
5.5.Prevent residents from fallingPrevent residents from falling
6.6.Prevent bed soresPrevent bed sores
NPSG impacted greatly by Nurse Aide WorkNPSG impacted greatly by Nurse Aide Work
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 5
6. NNational PPatient SSafety GGoals for Long Term Care:Long Term Care:
Identify residentsIdentify residents
correctlycorrectly NPSG.01.01.01NPSG.01.01.01
Use at leastUse at least two waystwo ways toto
identify residents.identify residents. For example, useFor example, use
the resident’s name and date of birth or last fourthe resident’s name and date of birth or last four
digits of SS number.digits of SS number.
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 6
7. NNational PPatient SSafety GGoals for Long Term Care:Long Term Care:
Identify residentsIdentify residents
correctlycorrectly NPSG.01.01.01NPSG.01.01.01
Provide care to right
resident
Use identification bracelets
Ask resident to state name
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 7
8. NNational PPatient SSafety GGoals for Long Term Care:Long Term Care:
Identify residentsIdentify residents
correctlycorrectly NPSG.01.01.01NPSG.01.01.01
Use I.D. systems that involve
photographs
Realize that care to wrong
resident can threaten life
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 8
9. NNational PPatient SSafety GGoals for Long Term Care:Long Term Care:
PreventPrevent
InfectionInfection NPSG.07.01.01NPSG.07.01.01
Use the hand cleaning guidelines
from the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention or World
Health Organization.
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 9
10. NNational PPatient SSafety GGoals for Long Term Care:Long Term Care:
Prevent residents fromPrevent residents from
fallingfalling NPSG.09.02.01NPSG.09.02.01
Find out which residents areFind out which residents are
most likely to fall.most likely to fall. For example, is theFor example, is the
resident taking any medications that might makeresident taking any medications that might make
them weak, dizzy, or sleepy? Take action to preventthem weak, dizzy, or sleepy? Take action to prevent
falls for these residents.falls for these residents.
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 10
11. Greater
Risk of
Falls
• Age related factorsAge related factors
• Awareness ofAwareness of
surroundingssurroundings
• Decreased VisionDecreased Vision
• Hearing ImpairedHearing Impaired
• Decreased ability toDecreased ability to
smellsmell
• Decreased sensitivity toDecreased sensitivity to
touchtouch
• ImmobilityImmobility
• MedicationsMedications
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 11
12. Report observations toReport observations to
supervisor that leadsupervisor that lead
you to believe ayou to believe a
resident is prone toresident is prone to
fallingfalling
Preventing Falls
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 12
13. Fallsaccount for 70%
of accidents in healthcare facilities
FForor YYourour IInformationnformation
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 13
14. Answer call signals promptlyAnswer call signals promptly
Keep frequently used articlesKeep frequently used articles
within reach of residentwithin reach of resident
Preventing Falls
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 14
15. Lock brakes on movableLock brakes on movable
equipmentequipment
–wheel chairswheel chairs
–stretchers and mechanicalstretchers and mechanical
liftslifts
–bedsbeds
–commodescommodes
Preventing Falls
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 15
16. Properly position residentsProperly position residents
in:in:
–bedbed
–wheel chairwheel chair
Preventing Falls
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 16
17. OBSERVEOBSERVE NO LIFTNO LIFT OROR
LIMITED LIFTLIMITED LIFT POLICIESPOLICIES
TO PREVENT FALLS ANDTO PREVENT FALLS AND
INJURY TO RESIDENTINJURY TO RESIDENT
AND NURSE AIDEAND NURSE AIDE
Preventing Falls
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 17
18. Report any facility structure hazardReport any facility structure hazard
immediately that could lead to fallsimmediately that could lead to falls
– frayed carpetingfrayed carpeting
– loose or broken side railsloose or broken side rails
– lights that don’t worklights that don’t work
Preventing Falls
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 18
19. NNational PPatient SSafety GGoals for Long Term Care:Long Term Care:
PreventPrevent
bed soresbed sores NPSG.14.01.01NPSG.14.01.01
Find out which residents are most
likely to have bed sores. Take
action to prevent bed sores in
these residents.
Bed sores will be discussed in Indicator 5.02
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 19
21. GENERAL SAFETY RULESGENERAL SAFETY RULES
Walk in halls and on stairs -Walk in halls and on stairs -
never runnever run
Keep to the right-hand sideKeep to the right-hand side
of the hallof the hall
Approach swinging doorsApproach swinging doors
with cautionwith caution
Use handrails going up andUse handrails going up and
down stairsdown stairs
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 21
22. GENERAL SAFETY RULESGENERAL SAFETY RULES
Keep halls andKeep halls and
stairs free ofstairs free of
obstaclesobstacles
Check labels on allCheck labels on all
containers prior tocontainers prior to
using contentsusing contents
Wipe up spilledWipe up spilled
liquids immediatelyliquids immediately3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 22
23. GENERAL SAFETY RULESGENERAL SAFETY RULES
Pick up litter and place it inPick up litter and place it in
the proper containerthe proper container
Follow instructions of yourFollow instructions of your
supervisor for resident caresupervisor for resident care
Report injuries promptlyReport injuries promptly
Never use damaged or frayedNever use damaged or frayed
electrical cordselectrical cords
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 23
24. GENERAL SAFETY RULESGENERAL SAFETY RULES
TAGTAG andand TAKE OUTTAKE OUT
OF SERVICEOF SERVICE!!!!!!!!
Report broken orReport broken or
malfunctioningmalfunctioning
equipmentequipment
immediatelyimmediately
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 24
25. GENERAL SAFETY RULESGENERAL SAFETY RULES
Check linen forCheck linen for
personal itemspersonal items
contained in foldscontained in folds
prior to sending to theprior to sending to the
laundrylaundry
Report unsafeReport unsafe
conditionsconditions
immediatelyimmediately
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 25
26. GENERAL SAFETY RULESGENERAL SAFETY RULES
Ask for an explanationAsk for an explanation
of things you don’tof things you don’t
understandunderstand
Elevate side rails forElevate side rails for
residents at risk ofresidents at risk of
falling, per facilityfalling, per facility
policypolicy
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 26
31. FACTORSTHATINCREASETHE
RESIDENT’SRISKOFINJURY
Smell and touchSmell and touch
Reduced smellReduced smell
unaware ofunaware of
smoke or gassmoke or gas
fumesfumes
DecreasedDecreased
sensitivity tosensitivity to
heat and coldheat and cold
easily burnedeasily burned
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 31
33. FACTORSTHATINCREASETHE
RESIDENT’SRISKOFINJURY
Medications can:Medications can:
Affect balanceAffect balance
Reduce awarenessReduce awareness
Cause confusion orCause confusion or
disorientationdisorientation
Cause drowsinessCause drowsiness
Affect coordinationAffect coordination
Make fearful andMake fearful and
uncooperativeuncooperative
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 33
34. PREVENTING BURNSPREVENTING BURNS
Burns are theBurns are the
second mostsecond most
common hazardcommon hazard
to residentsto residents
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 34
35. Preventing BurnsPreventing Burns
• Check waterCheck water
temperature intemperature in
bath or showerbath or shower
with bathwith bath
thermometer orthermometer or
with your handwith your hand
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 35
36. Preventing BurnsPreventing Burns
Water temperatureWater temperature
should beshould be NONO
HOTTERHOTTER thanthan
105105
degrees Fdegrees F
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 36
37. Preventing BurnsPreventing Burns
• ResidentResident mustmust
verifyverify thatthat thethe
temperaturetemperature ofof
the water isthe water is
comfortable orcomfortable or
not.not.
This is a
little to
warm!
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 37
38. Preventing BurnsPreventing Burns
• Report areasReport areas
where waterwhere water
temperaturetemperature
seems too hotseems too hot
• MonitorMonitor
smokingsmoking
practicespractices
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 38
39. Preventing BurnsPreventing Burns
When bathing the resident orWhen bathing the resident or
providing a soak,providing a soak,
1)1)ASK THEASK THE RESIDENTRESIDENT TOTO
FEEL THE WATERFEEL THE WATER
2)2) ANDAND VERIFYVERIFY THAT THETHAT THE
TEMPERATURE OF THE WATER ISTEMPERATURE OF THE WATER IS
COMFORTABLE TO THEMCOMFORTABLE TO THEM
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 39
40. Preventing BurnsPreventing Burns
• Provide assistance at
mealtime to prevent
spilling hot liquids
• Use facility equipment
according to written
policies
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 40
41. Preventing BurnsPreventing Burns
• Monitor use of
electrical
appliances used by
resident
• Avoid overexposure
to sunlight
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 41
43. Preventing PoisoningPreventing Poisoning
• Store toxins in locked cabinetsStore toxins in locked cabinets
• Store toxins away from residentStore toxins away from resident
areasareas
• Never leave toxic products whereNever leave toxic products where
they might be ingestedthey might be ingested
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 43
44. Preventing PoisoningPreventing Poisoning
• Have identifying labels on allHave identifying labels on all
containerscontainers
• Never use unlabeled substanceNever use unlabeled substance
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 44
45. Preventing ChokingPreventing Choking
• Encourage residents toEncourage residents to
use their dentures whenuse their dentures when
eatingeating
• Assist to cut food intoAssist to cut food into
small piecessmall pieces
• Report difficulty inReport difficulty in
swallowingswallowing
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 45
46. Be certain theBe certain the HOBHOB isis
elevatedelevated before attemptingbefore attempting
toto feedfeed a resident!a resident!
Prevent Choking
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 46
48. Be certain theBe certain the residentresident
has swallowedhas swallowed
before continuing to feed.before continuing to feed.
Prevent Choking
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 48
49. Preventing ChokingPreventing Choking
Residents with feeding tubes
should never have the bed flat
for extended periods of time.
Follow instructions regarding
residents’ position to prevent
residents from aspirating.
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 49
50. Preventing SuffocationPreventing Suffocation
• Never leave unattended inNever leave unattended in
bathtubbathtub
• Immediately transport fromImmediately transport from
areas where smoke or gasareas where smoke or gas
fumes are noticedfumes are noticed
• Properly apply and checkProperly apply and check
vest and safety beltvest and safety belt
restraintsrestraints
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 50
51. Preventing Spread of MicroorganismsPreventing Spread of Microorganisms
Follow StandardFollow Standard
Precautions andPrecautions and
TransmissionTransmission
Based Precautions.Based Precautions.
Wash handsWash hands
before andbefore and
after careafter care
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 51
52. Preventing Other InjuriesPreventing Other Injuries
• Move equipment around cornersMove equipment around corners
with cautionwith caution
• Be careful of residents’ feet,Be careful of residents’ feet,
hands, arms, and elbows whenhands, arms, and elbows when
transporting residents intransporting residents in
wheelchairswheelchairs
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 52
53. Preventing Other InjuriesPreventing Other Injuries
• Monitor residents who
wander away
• Follow instructions when
providing care
• Keep bed in lowest position
except when giving bedside
care
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 53
54. Preventing Other InjuriesPreventing Other Injuries
• Use night lights in rooms
• Have residents wear
shoes/slippers with non-
skid soles
• Check crutches, canes and
walkers for non-skid tips
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 54
55. Preventing Other InjuriesPreventing Other Injuries
• Keep call signal withinKeep call signal within
easy reacheasy reach
• Report immediately anyReport immediately any
observations indicatingobservations indicating
resident is a danger toresident is a danger to
himself or others.himself or others.
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 55
57. FForor YYourour IInformationnformation
There isThere is intentional repeatintentional repeat of someof some HSIIHSII coursecourse
content incontent in Nursing Fundamentals.Nursing Fundamentals.
Academic and skill competence must beAcademic and skill competence must be
maintainedmaintained at aat a very high level for directvery high level for direct
resident care.resident care.
Repeating course content distributes learningRepeating course content distributes learning
over time and increases long term memory.over time and increases long term memory.
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 57
58. Body MechanicsBody Mechanics
• Body mechanics: the
coordination of body
alignment, balance and
movement
• Job requirements for nurse
aides include lifting,
moving and transferring
resident and lifting, moving
and carrying objects
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 58
59. Body MechanicsBody Mechanics
• Purpose of Good Body Mechanics
–Maximize strength
–Minimize fatigue
–Avoid muscle strain
and injury
–Assure personal and
resident safety
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 59
60. Body MechanicsBody Mechanics
• Never bend over from waist
to pick up object
• Lift firmly and smoothly
• Keep object close to body
• Keep back straight
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 60
61. Body MechanicsBody Mechanics
• Bend at hips and knees
and get close to object
prior to lifting
• Grip objects firmly with
both hands
• Lift by pushing up with
strong leg muscles
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 61
62. Body MechanicsBody Mechanics
• Get help if object or
resident appears too heavy
• Keep feet apart to provide
wide base of support
• Pivot or turn with feet
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 62
63. Body MechanicsBody Mechanics
• Use short steps to turnUse short steps to turn
• Turn entire body withoutTurn entire body without
twisting back and necktwisting back and neck
• Pull or push whenPull or push when
possible instead of liftingpossible instead of lifting
• Use body weight to helpUse body weight to help
push or pullpush or pull
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 63
64. Body MechanicsBody Mechanics
• When reaching forWhen reaching for
an object,an object,
evaluate distanceevaluate distance
• Face in directionFace in direction
you are workingyou are working
to preventto prevent
twistingtwisting
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 64
65. Body MechanicsBody Mechanics
• Adjust beds toAdjust beds to
waist level whenwaist level when
giving residentgiving resident
carecare
• Be sure body is inBe sure body is in
good alignment atgood alignment at
all timesall times
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 65
67. FForor YYourour IInformationnformation
There isThere is intentional repeatintentional repeat of someof some HSIIHSII coursecourse
content incontent in Nursing Fundamentals.Nursing Fundamentals.
Academic and skill competence must beAcademic and skill competence must be
maintainedmaintained at aat a very high level for directvery high level for direct
resident care.resident care.
Repeating course content distributes learningRepeating course content distributes learning
over time and increases long term memory.over time and increases long term memory.
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 67
68. Fire SafetyFire Safety
Everyone is responsible for
preventing fires
If fire occurs, know what to do
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 68
69. Fire SafetyFire Safety
• Major fire hazards
–faulty electrical
equipment and wiring
–overloaded electrical
circuits
–plugs not properly
grounded
–clutter - paper/rags
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 69
70. Fire SafetyFire Safety
• Major fire hazards (continued)
–unsafe practices when
oxygen is in use
–smoking
–spontaneous combustible
materials
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 70
71. Fire SafetyFire Safety
• Elements necessary to
start fire
–fuel - material that
will burn
–heat - flame or spark
–oxygen
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 71
72. Fire SafetyFire Safety
• Fire safety activities
– Locate and learn
•escape routes and fire escapes
•use of all fire control equipment
–fire doors
–sprinkler system controls
–fire extinguishers
•fire drill procedures
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 72
73. Fire SafetyFire Safety
• Fire Safety Activities
– Be aware of all fire
hazards and report
them immediately
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 73
74. Fire SafetyFire Safety
• Watch for frayed
electrical wires
• Never overload circuits
• Use three-prong
grounded plugs
• Never use extension
cords
• Control clutter
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 74
75. Fire SafetyFire Safety
• Dispose of rags properly
• Empty ashtrays in metal
containers
• Empty wastebaskets in
proper receptacles
• Report odors of smoke
or burning
• Keep fire exits clear
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 75
76. Fire SafetyFire Safety
• Control smoking practices:
– limit to specific areas
– never allow smoking in
bed
– have large ashtrays
available
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 76
77. Fire SafetyFire Safety
• Control smoking
practices:
– observe use of
matches/lighters
– directly supervise
residents when
smoking, as necessary
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 77
78. In Event Of FireIn Event Of Fire
StayStay calmcalmas youas you
RACERACE
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 78
81. ConfineConfine the firethe fire
CClose all windows andlose all windows and
doorsdoors
CChokehoke off oxygenoff oxygen
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 81
82. ExtinguishExtinguish if you canif you can
EmptyEmpty the extinguisherthe extinguisher
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 82
83. Use of Fire ExtinguisherUse of Fire Extinguisher
• Carry upright then PASSPASS
• PPull theull the safety pin
• AAim at the base of the fire
• SSqueeze handle down
• SSpray in a sweeping motion at base
of fire
FIRE
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 83
84. RelocateRelocate residents perresidents per
evacuation policy ifevacuation policy if
directed to do so.directed to do so.
Some agencies teach RACE plus
an addition “R”
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 84
87. Oxygen PrecautionsOxygen Precautions
• Oxygen precautions
– Never have open flames
or smoking in area
– Remove flammable
liquids from area
– Do not use electrical
equipment in area
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 87
88. Oxygen PrecautionsOxygen Precautions
• Oxygen precautions
– Post “Oxygen in Use”
sign
– Remove cigarettes and
matches from room
– Use cotton blankets
and clothing
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 88
89. Oxygen PrecautionsOxygen Precautions
DO NOTDO NOT LET THELET THE
RESIDENTS’ NASALRESIDENTS’ NASAL
CANNULACANNULA TOUCH THETOUCH THE
FLOORFLOOR.. Pathogens on thePathogens on the
floor will contaminate thefloor will contaminate the
cannula.cannula.
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 89
93. Workplace Violence…Workplace Violence…
a potential Disaster!a potential Disaster!
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 93
Healthcare is impactedHealthcare is impacted
byby verballyverbally andand
sometimessometimes physicallyphysically
abusiveabusive patientspatients,,
familiesfamilies andand visitors.visitors.
94. 3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 94
Verbal abuse often goesVerbal abuse often goes
unreported and is thought to beunreported and is thought to be
“just part of the job”.“just part of the job”.
70% of Nurses are assaulted on70% of Nurses are assaulted on
duty during their career.duty during their career.
The majority of healthcare workerThe majority of healthcare worker
violence takes place on eveningviolence takes place on evening
and night shifts.and night shifts.
OSHA [1996]. Guidelines for preventing workplace violenceOSHA [1996]. Guidelines for preventing workplace violence
for health care and social service workers. Washington, DC:for health care and social service workers. Washington, DC:
U.S. Department of Labor,U.S. Department of Labor,
95. Workplace Violence…Workplace Violence… aa
potential Disaster!potential Disaster!
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 95
StopStop this PowerPoint andthis PowerPoint and
view the PowerPointview the PowerPoint
produced byproduced by VanderbiltVanderbilt
University Medical Center.University Medical Center.
Then, return to thisThen, return to this
PowerPoint.PowerPoint.
97. Disaster PlansDisaster Plans
• Responsibilities in a disasterResponsibilities in a disaster
– Remove residents fromRemove residents from
immediate dangerimmediate danger
– Report to facility and followReport to facility and follow
directions for your roledirections for your role
– Know your facility’s disasterKnow your facility’s disaster
planplan
– Assist with evacuationAssist with evacuation
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 97
98. Disaster PlansDisaster Plans
–Help remove and secureHelp remove and secure
equipment, supplies, and recordsequipment, supplies, and records
–Think before you act; don’t wasteThink before you act; don’t waste
timetime
–Remain calmRemain calm
–Carry out responsibilities inCarry out responsibilities in
confident mannerconfident manner
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 98
101. The Choking Resident - CauseThe Choking Resident - Cause
Choking occurs whenChoking occurs when
the throat is blockedthe throat is blocked
or closed up and airor closed up and air
cannot get to thecannot get to the
airway.airway.
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 101
102. The Choking ResidentThe Choking Resident
Airway may be blocked by:Airway may be blocked by:
–Food or liquids (meatFood or liquids (meat
most common food)most common food)
–Blood or mucusBlood or mucus
–Foreign objectsForeign objects
including the tongueincluding the tongue
–VomitusVomitus
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 102
103. Treating a Choking ResidentTreating a Choking Resident
– Stay nearStay near
– Encourage coughing - mostEncourage coughing - most
effective way to dislodgeeffective way to dislodge
obstructionsobstructions
– Never slap coughingNever slap coughing
resident on back: can causeresident on back: can cause
object to fall lower intoobject to fall lower into
tracheatrachea
If victim is coughing, do not intervene:If victim is coughing, do not intervene:
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 103
104. Treating a Choking ResidentTreating a Choking Resident
Signs of severe foreign body airwaySigns of severe foreign body airway
obstructionobstruction
–Unable to speakUnable to speak
–No air movementNo air movement
–Grasping throat -Grasping throat -
distress signaldistress signal
Abdominal thrusts, chest thrusts and back blowsAbdominal thrusts, chest thrusts and back blows
are effective for relieving severe foreign bodyare effective for relieving severe foreign body
airway obstruction.airway obstruction.
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 104
105. Treating a Choking ResidentTreating a Choking Resident
Tilting head back inTilting head back in
unconsciousunconscious
person may clearperson may clear
airway since this pullsairway since this pulls
tongue forwardtongue forward
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 105
106. 3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 106
SKILLSKILL 3.02A3.02A
Foreign Body Airway ObstructionForeign Body Airway Obstruction
(FBAO) Relief: Conscious Resident(FBAO) Relief: Conscious Resident
Training Lab AssignmentTraining Lab Assignment
Engage in the Skill Acquisition Process for:Engage in the Skill Acquisition Process for:
107. Heart Attack - Signs and SymptomsHeart Attack - Signs and Symptoms
• Chest discomfortChest discomfort
–pressure, fullness, squeezing, orpressure, fullness, squeezing, or
painpain
–in center of chest behindin center of chest behind
breastbone or spread to eitherbreastbone or spread to either
shoulder, neck, jaw, or armshoulder, neck, jaw, or arm
–usually lasts longer than a fewusually lasts longer than a few
minutes – comes and goesminutes – comes and goes
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 107
108. Heart Attack - Signs and SymptomsHeart Attack - Signs and Symptoms
• FaintingFainting
• SweatingSweating
• NauseaNausea
• Shortness of breathShortness of breath
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 108
109. Accident/Emergency SceneAccident/Emergency Scene
• If certified in CPR, offer assistanceIf certified in CPR, offer assistance
• Defer to those with more experienceDefer to those with more experience
and trainingand training
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 109
110. Accident/Emergency SceneAccident/Emergency Scene
• Seek assistanceSeek assistance
–in facilityin facility
• use emergency lightuse emergency light
• use call signaluse call signal
• send another residentsend another resident
for helpfor help
• call for helpcall for help
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 110
111. Accident/Emergency SceneAccident/Emergency Scene
• Seek assistanceSeek assistance
–at home or at accident sceneat home or at accident scene
• dial 911 operator or emergencydial 911 operator or emergency
numbernumber
• give locationgive location
• give phone numbergive phone number
• relate type of emergencyrelate type of emergency
• give number of people needing helpgive number of people needing help
• relate requested informationrelate requested information
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 111
112. Cardiopulmonary ResuscitationCardiopulmonary Resuscitation
• Agencies providing CPRAgencies providing CPR
curriculum:curriculum:
–American Heart AssociationAmerican Heart Association
–American Red CrossAmerican Red Cross
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 112
113. Cardiopulmonary ResuscitationCardiopulmonary Resuscitation
• You must be trained to administerYou must be trained to administer
CPRCPR
• Activate the emergency medicalActivate the emergency medical
system or your facility’s emergencysystem or your facility’s emergency
planplan
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 113
114. Cardiopulmonary ResuscitationCardiopulmonary Resuscitation
• CPR must be started immediately toCPR must be started immediately to
be effectivebe effective
• Follow facility policy for AdvancedFollow facility policy for Advanced
Care DirectiveCare Directive
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 114
118. Convulsive Disorders (Seizures)Convulsive Disorders (Seizures)
Take ActionTake Action
• Summon helpSummon help
• Stay with residentStay with resident
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 118
119. Convulsive Disorders (Seizures)Convulsive Disorders (Seizures)
Take ActionTake Action
• Protect from injuryProtect from injury
–lower to floor if appropriatelower to floor if appropriate
–move objects away that mightmove objects away that might
cause injurycause injury
• Do not restrain or put any objectDo not restrain or put any object
into mouthinto mouth
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 119
120. Convulsive Disorders (Seizures)Convulsive Disorders (Seizures)
Take ActionTake Action
• Loosen constrictingLoosen constricting
clothing (around neck)clothing (around neck)
• Place pillow under headPlace pillow under head
and turn face to one sideand turn face to one side
• Note time and type ofNote time and type of
seizureseizure
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 120
121. Convulsive Disorders (Seizures)Convulsive Disorders (Seizures)
Take ActionTake Action
• Provide rest for resident afterProvide rest for resident after
seizureseizure
–very tiredvery tired
–may be confusedmay be confused
–often disorientedoften disoriented
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122. Loss of Consciousness – FaintingLoss of Consciousness – Fainting
• Caused by temporaryCaused by temporary
reduction of blood toreduction of blood to
brainbrain
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123. Loss of Consciousness – FaintingLoss of Consciousness – Fainting
• Early signs and symptoms:
–dizziness
–decreased pulse and BP
–pallor and perspiration
–nausea
–cold skin
–numbness and tingling of extremities
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124. Loss of Consciousness – FaintingLoss of Consciousness – Fainting
Take ActionTake Action
• Summon helpSummon help
• Stay with residentStay with resident
• Have resident sit or lie downHave resident sit or lie down
• Loosen tight clothingLoosen tight clothing
• Position head lower than heartPosition head lower than heart
–sitting - head between legssitting - head between legs
–lying down - elevate legslying down - elevate legs
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125. Loss of Consciousness – FaintingLoss of Consciousness – Fainting
Take ActionTake Action
• Monitor pulse and respirationsMonitor pulse and respirations
• Have resident rest for 5-10Have resident rest for 5-10
minutes before movingminutes before moving
• Provide blanket if coldProvide blanket if cold
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126. SHOCK – CausesSHOCK – Causes
• Severe injurySevere injury
• Excessive loss of bodyExcessive loss of body
fluidsfluids
• PainPain
• Respiratory and/or cardiacRespiratory and/or cardiac
arrestarrest
• AnxietyAnxiety
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127. • Low or falling bloodLow or falling blood
pressurepressure
• Weak, rapid pulseWeak, rapid pulse
• Cold, moist, paleCold, moist, pale
skinskin
• Rapid respirationsRapid respirations
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SHOCK –SHOCK – Signs and Symptoms
128. SHOCK –SHOCK – Signs and Symptoms
• ThirstThirst
• RestlessnessRestlessness
• Confusion andConfusion and
loss ofloss of
consciousnessconsciousness
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129. SHOCK – Take ActionSHOCK – Take Action
• Summon helpSummon help
• Stay with residentStay with resident
• Keep resident lyingKeep resident lying
downdown
• Control hemorrhageControl hemorrhage
• Keep resident warmKeep resident warm
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131. HemorrhageHemorrhage
• Signs and SymptomsSigns and Symptoms
– InternalInternal
• painpain
• shockshock
• vomiting bloodvomiting blood
• loss ofloss of
consciousnessconsciousness
– ExternalExternal
• can usually be seencan usually be seen
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132. Hemorrhage – Take ActionHemorrhage – Take Action
• InternalInternal
–Summon helpSummon help
–Stay withStay with
residentresident
–Keep warm,Keep warm,
flat and quietflat and quiet
until helpuntil help
arrivesarrives
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133. Hemorrhage – Take ActionHemorrhage – Take Action
• ExternalExternal
–Summon helpSummon help
–Stay with residentStay with resident
–Identify location of bleedingIdentify location of bleeding
–Apply continuous, directApply continuous, direct
pressure over bleedingpressure over bleeding
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134. Hemorrhage – Take ActionHemorrhage – Take Action
• ExternalExternal
–If bleeding not controlled, applyIf bleeding not controlled, apply
pressure over artery abovepressure over artery above
bleeding sitebleeding site
–If no pain or broken bones,If no pain or broken bones,
elevate wounded area above heartelevate wounded area above heart
while maintaining pressurewhile maintaining pressure
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135. Hemorrhage – Take ActionHemorrhage – Take Action
• ExternalExternal
–keep residentkeep resident
comfortable,comfortable,
warm and quietwarm and quiet
until helpuntil help
arrivesarrives
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136. Reporting EmergenciesReporting Emergencies
• Never panic; remainNever panic; remain
calmcalm
–Try few slow deepTry few slow deep
breathsbreaths
–Observe surroundingsObserve surroundings
–Assess resourcesAssess resources
availableavailable
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137. Reporting EmergenciesReporting Emergencies
• Evaluate situation
–check victim
–determine safety of
environment
• Call or send for help immediately
• Determine treatment priorities
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243 137
138. Reporting EmergenciesReporting Emergencies
• Report emergencies accuratelyReport emergencies accurately
–If help is not available, contact:If help is not available, contact:
• 911 or emergency number911 or emergency number
• PolicePolice
• Fire departmentFire department
• Telephone operatorTelephone operator
• Local EMSLocal EMS
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141. UnderstandUnderstand safetysafety andand emergencyemergency
carecare skills within the nurse aideskills within the nurse aide
range of function.range of function.
141
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3.023.02
3.02 Nursing Fundamentals 7243
