The major maternal health problems include unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion, problems related to pregnancy and childbirth, harmful traditional practices, violence against women, HIV/AIDS and STIs, cancers of the reproductive organs, and malnutrition. These problems persist due to factors operating at multiple levels, including households and communities, the health system, and public policies. Overcoming these problems requires a lifecycle approach to women's health, empowering women, improving access to reproductive healthcare and contraception, preventing violence and harmful practices, and ensuring good nutrition.
This study examined the utilization of skilled birth attendance among women in Sidama Zone, Ethiopia. The researchers found that:
1) Only 26.8% of mothers gave birth at a health facility, attended by a skilled birth attendant.
2) Younger age, higher education levels, fewer births, more antenatal care visits, previous facility delivery experience, and greater maternal knowledge were associated with increased use of skilled birth attendance.
3) Reasons for preferring home delivery over facilities included the proximity of traditional birth attendants and perceptions of unclean equipment, lack of supplies, and unfriendly providers at facilities.
This document discusses reproductive health issues in the Philippines. It defines reproductive health and outlines key issues including maternal mortality, sexually transmitted infections, infertility, and abortion. The main points are: reproductive health involves well-being in all matters relating to reproduction. National maternal mortality remains high in the Philippines despite targets to reduce it. Leading causes of death for Filipino women include postpartum hemorrhage, eclampsia, and sepsis. Sexually transmitted infections and infertility also affect reproductive health in the country.
Maternal mortality is the death of a woman during or shortly after pregnancy, with major direct causes being hemorrhage, infection, high blood pressure, unsafe abortion, and obstructed labor. In 2008, 358,000 maternal deaths occurred worldwide, with over 99% in developing countries and over half in Sub-Saharan Africa alone. Prevention efforts aim to increase access to family planning and reproductive healthcare services to reduce maternal mortality. HIV/AIDS spreads primarily through unprotected sex, contaminated needles, breastfeeding, and childbirth, with 33.3 million people estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS in 2009. Prevention programs target at-risk groups and aim to change sexual behaviors.
Maternal mortality is the death of a woman during or shortly after pregnancy, with major direct causes being hemorrhage, infection, high blood pressure, unsafe abortion, and obstructed labor. In 2008, 358,000 maternal deaths occurred worldwide, with 99% in developing countries and over half in Sub-Saharan Africa and one-third in South Asia. The UN aims to reduce maternal mortality by 75% by improving access to reproductive healthcare services and family planning. Many women lack such access due to poverty and inability to reach facilities, resulting in unassisted home births. HIV is transmitted via unprotected sex, contaminated needles, breast milk, and from mother to child during birth or breastfeeding. In 2009, 33.3 million
The document discusses maternal and child health challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa. It provides background information on Africa and outlines the problem statement of high rates of maternal and child mortality. Over 289,000 women died in 2013 due to pregnancy complications and 6.3 million children under age 5 died. The main contributing factors are discussed as poor health infrastructure, lack of access to services, and infectious diseases. The document also summarizes global actions taken like the Millennium Development Goals and progress made with a 45% reduction in maternal deaths and 49% reduction in under-5 mortality, though rates remain high in Sub-Saharan Africa. It concludes with an update on the Ebola epidemic in West Africa.
This document discusses reproductive health and its components. It defines reproductive health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being in relation to reproductive processes at all stages of life. The components of reproductive health include family planning services, pregnancy and childbirth care, infertility services, and sexually transmitted infection prevention and treatment. The document also examines how reproductive patterns impact child and women's health, and discusses strategies to improve family planning programs and reduce maternal mortality.
Definition and components of reproductive health?
Demographic trends and fertility determinants
Family planning
Impact of reproductive patterns on child health
Impact of reproductive patterns on women health
Mechanisms to reduce morbidity and mortality
This study examined the utilization of skilled birth attendance among women in Sidama Zone, Ethiopia. The researchers found that:
1) Only 26.8% of mothers gave birth at a health facility, attended by a skilled birth attendant.
2) Younger age, higher education levels, fewer births, more antenatal care visits, previous facility delivery experience, and greater maternal knowledge were associated with increased use of skilled birth attendance.
3) Reasons for preferring home delivery over facilities included the proximity of traditional birth attendants and perceptions of unclean equipment, lack of supplies, and unfriendly providers at facilities.
This document discusses reproductive health issues in the Philippines. It defines reproductive health and outlines key issues including maternal mortality, sexually transmitted infections, infertility, and abortion. The main points are: reproductive health involves well-being in all matters relating to reproduction. National maternal mortality remains high in the Philippines despite targets to reduce it. Leading causes of death for Filipino women include postpartum hemorrhage, eclampsia, and sepsis. Sexually transmitted infections and infertility also affect reproductive health in the country.
Maternal mortality is the death of a woman during or shortly after pregnancy, with major direct causes being hemorrhage, infection, high blood pressure, unsafe abortion, and obstructed labor. In 2008, 358,000 maternal deaths occurred worldwide, with over 99% in developing countries and over half in Sub-Saharan Africa alone. Prevention efforts aim to increase access to family planning and reproductive healthcare services to reduce maternal mortality. HIV/AIDS spreads primarily through unprotected sex, contaminated needles, breastfeeding, and childbirth, with 33.3 million people estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS in 2009. Prevention programs target at-risk groups and aim to change sexual behaviors.
Maternal mortality is the death of a woman during or shortly after pregnancy, with major direct causes being hemorrhage, infection, high blood pressure, unsafe abortion, and obstructed labor. In 2008, 358,000 maternal deaths occurred worldwide, with 99% in developing countries and over half in Sub-Saharan Africa and one-third in South Asia. The UN aims to reduce maternal mortality by 75% by improving access to reproductive healthcare services and family planning. Many women lack such access due to poverty and inability to reach facilities, resulting in unassisted home births. HIV is transmitted via unprotected sex, contaminated needles, breast milk, and from mother to child during birth or breastfeeding. In 2009, 33.3 million
The document discusses maternal and child health challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa. It provides background information on Africa and outlines the problem statement of high rates of maternal and child mortality. Over 289,000 women died in 2013 due to pregnancy complications and 6.3 million children under age 5 died. The main contributing factors are discussed as poor health infrastructure, lack of access to services, and infectious diseases. The document also summarizes global actions taken like the Millennium Development Goals and progress made with a 45% reduction in maternal deaths and 49% reduction in under-5 mortality, though rates remain high in Sub-Saharan Africa. It concludes with an update on the Ebola epidemic in West Africa.
This document discusses reproductive health and its components. It defines reproductive health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being in relation to reproductive processes at all stages of life. The components of reproductive health include family planning services, pregnancy and childbirth care, infertility services, and sexually transmitted infection prevention and treatment. The document also examines how reproductive patterns impact child and women's health, and discusses strategies to improve family planning programs and reduce maternal mortality.
Definition and components of reproductive health?
Demographic trends and fertility determinants
Family planning
Impact of reproductive patterns on child health
Impact of reproductive patterns on women health
Mechanisms to reduce morbidity and mortality
Teenage pregnancy is defined as a girl aged 13-19 becoming pregnant. In Malaysia, most first sexual encounters occur between ages 15-19, putting girls at risk of unwanted pregnancy, STDs, and long-term health issues. While the teenage birth and pregnancy rates in Malaysia have decreased in recent years, they remain a public health issue, especially among unmarried, low-income, and rural adolescents. Unwanted pregnancies often lead to abandoned babies and unsafe or illegal abortions, which can result in medical complications. Experts recommend increasing access to sexual education and family planning services to prevent unintended pregnancies and support services for teenage mothers and their children.
The document provides an agenda for a workshop on reproductive, maternal and child health. It includes objectives to provide an overview of global maternal mortality trends, describe the Millennium Development Goals related to reproductive health, and identify causes and strategies to prevent maternal mortality. The agenda also involves interactive activities to define key terms and review what is known about the Millennium Development Goals.
This document provides an overview of adolescent pregnancy from a global perspective. It addresses the magnitude of adolescent pregnancy, noting that 16 million girls aged 15-19 give birth annually with 90% occurring in developing countries. It then discusses the consequences of adolescent pregnancy for both mother and child, including higher rates of maternal mortality and morbidity as well as negative birth outcomes. The circumstances in which adolescent pregnancy occurs are explored, including early marriage, coerced sex, and unintended pregnancy. The document stresses that responses need to consider the different contexts and empower adolescents through education, opportunities, and health services. It concludes by linking adolescent pregnancy to achieving the Millennium Development Goals.
This document discusses reproductive health and maternal and child health care. It defines reproductive health and outlines its various components, including family planning services, safe motherhood practices, infertility treatment, and prevention of reproductive tract infections. It also discusses causes of maternal mortality and measures to reduce maternal mortality rates. The document then covers topics like the maternity cycle, objectives and components of maternal and child health care, and health issues faced by women at different life stages.
Module IIIMaternal Health ______________________________________.docxmoirarandell
Module III
Maternal Health _______________________________________________
Introduction
In the Module we will explore maternal health paying particular attention to global disparities in the support and care mothers around the world get, the factors that promote such disparities, causes of maternal mortality and morbidity, the impact of reproductive patterns on the health of children, and mechanisms to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low-and –middle income countries.
At the end of this Module you should be able to articulate the following:
Critical Skills
1. Explain the global trends in maternal health.
2. Identify the key players and they play in promoting maternal health.
3. Be able to identify the causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in the U.S and other countries, particularly developing nations.
4. Explain mechanisms used to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.
5. Be familiar with at least two development organizations/NGOs and their work around maternal health.
Maternal Health at a Glance
Maternal health refers to the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. While most women look forward to motherhood (and their spouses to fatherhood), for too many women, motherhood is a torturous experience associated with suffering, ill-health and even death. It is estimated that about 800 women die from pregnancy- or childbirth-related complications around the world every day. Consider the following few facts about maternal health (WHO):
· Every day, approximately 800 women die from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth – about 287 000 women in 2010 alone. Most of them died due to preventable cause like not being able to access skilled routine and emergency care.
· The FOUR main maternal mortality causes are: severe bleeding, infections, unsafe abortion, and hypertensive disorders (pre-eclampsia and eclampsia). After delivery bleeding is very serious condition, if unattended, it can kill even a healthy woman within two hours.
· Of the more than 136 million women who give birth a year, about 20 million of them experience pregnancy-related illness after childbirth.
· About 16 million girls aged between 15 and 19 give birth each year, accounting for more than 10% of all births. Complications from pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death among girls 15-19 in developing nations.
· The state of maternal health mirrors the gap between the rich and the poor. Less than 1% of maternal deaths occur in high-income countries. The lifetime risk of dying from complications in childbirth or pregnancy for a woman in the developing world is an average of one in 150 compared to one in 3800 in developed countries. Of the 800 women who die every day,440 live in sub-Saharan Africa, 230 in Southern Asia and five in high-income countries.
· Most maternal deaths can be prevented through skilled care at childbirth and access to emergency obstetric c ...
1.1.3 AWHN Conference 6 2010 Federation:
Commission on the Social Determinants of Health: gendering health inequities.
Southgate Institute for Health, Society & Equity,
Flinders University
Adelaide
This document discusses several health issues that disproportionately affect women globally. It notes that while women live longer on average, factors like unequal access to healthcare and discrimination lead to lower quality of life and increased health risks. Violence against women is common in many parts of the world and increases risks of injury, disease, and mental health issues. Early marriage before age 18 also affects many girls in developing countries and increases risks during pregnancy and childbirth. Maternal mortality during or after childbirth remains high in developing nations. The document encourages raising awareness of these issues and supporting efforts against violence towards women internationally.
gender and geography and gender roles issuespaul esguerra
The document summarizes gender inequality across several categories including demography and health, family and social conditions, education, economic productivity, and politics. It provides statistics showing disparities between men and women globally in areas such as life expectancy, infant mortality, literacy rates, wages, and representation in government. For example, women on average live longer than men but also face greater health challenges. Nearly two-thirds of the world's illiterate population are women. Women perform a large percentage of the world's work but earn only 10% of income and own 1% of property.
Maternal Mortality is a concern for the government of India and hence it is important to know the various aspects of it. Government of India has introduced various programs to look upon it.
The document discusses the causes and effects of HIV/AIDS in Africa. Some key points are: HIV destroys immune cells called CD4 helper lymphocytes, weakening the immune system. Major causes in Africa include starvation, lack of healthcare access, and poverty. Over 20% of deaths in Africa are AIDS-related. Prevention efforts include increased condom use, counseling/testing, and preventing mother-to-child transmission. Around 22 million people in Africa live with HIV/AIDS, accounting for 2/3 of global cases. 3/4 of global AIDS deaths occur in Africa.
- Maternal mortality in Ethiopia is a significant problem, with an estimated 25,000 maternal deaths per year. The major causes of maternal death are similar to other developing countries and include hemorrhage, sepsis, obstructed labor, hypertension, and unsafe abortion.
- There have been some changes in trends over time, with increasing proportions of deaths due to hypertension and hemorrhage, and a declining proportion due to unsafe abortion. Distance to health facilities remains a major factor influencing maternal outcomes.
About humans
Health and wellness
An aspect of Gynecology
Broad for Medical Students
Perfect for teachers
Lucid for the non-medically inclined or the general public
Knowledge based
Result oriented
Contents include:
- Introduction/Definition
- Epidemiology of Infertility
- Anatomy & Physiology
- Factors affecting infertility
- Requirements for infertility
- Causes/Etiology of Infertility
- Evaluation
- Investigations of Infertility
- Treatment of Infertility
- Unexplained infertility
- Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)
- Psychological support
- Case History
- Summary
Was compiled on 29th June 2014
And was presented on 23rd July, 2014 in the State House Medical Centre, Aso Rock, Abuja - FCT, Nigeria.
2. Maternal and infant health profiles SA 2.pdfChantal Settley
Maternal health care in South Africa has improved over time. According to a 2016 survey, facility deliveries increased to 96.7% from 83.4% in 1998 while home deliveries decreased from 14% to 4%. Maternal mortality has declined but remains high at 536 deaths per 100,000 live births. Improved access to antenatal care, skilled birth attendants, and postnatal care has positively impacted maternal and infant health outcomes. However, inequities persist and further efforts are still needed to ensure all women receive quality maternal healthcare.
The document discusses neonatal and child health care. It provides statistics on infant mortality rates globally and in different regions. Almost two-thirds of infant deaths occur in the first month of life, and among those two-thirds die in the first week. The leading causes of neonatal death are preterm birth, severe infections like sepsis and pneumonia, and birth asphyxia. Reducing neonatal mortality is important to achieving Millennium Development Goals around reducing child mortality. The document outlines efforts to prioritize and improve newborn health.
Maternal and neonatal mortality remain major global public health issues. The document discusses definitions of maternal mortality and its causes. Nearly 99% of maternal deaths occur in developing countries. The three delays model outlines reasons for delays in seeking and obtaining care. Historical interventions like traditional birth attendants and antenatal care alone were not effective in reducing mortality. Skilled attendance at delivery is now recognized as the most important intervention, as major complications cannot be predicted and timely, effective emergency care is critical.
maternal mortality and neonatal mortality.pptxiceatashna
Maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity are defined. The leading causes of maternal death are severe bleeding, infections, high blood pressure during pregnancy, and complications during delivery. Nearly 75% of maternal deaths are due to these complications. Skilled care before, during, and after childbirth can prevent many maternal and neonatal deaths by managing and treating complications in a timely manner. However, many women in developing countries do not receive this essential care due to issues of poverty, distance from facilities, lack of information, and inadequate healthcare services. International efforts like the Sustainable Development Goals aim to reduce maternal mortality worldwide by improving access to quality maternal healthcare.
This document discusses reproductive health and rights issues in Pakistan. It begins by presenting background on increasing maternal and infant death rates in Pakistan due to lack of sex education, early marriages, and lack of family planning. It then defines key terms like reproductive health, reproductive rights, and discusses international recognition of these issues. Several pages are dedicated to explaining different modern contraception methods, their effectiveness, and benefits. Barriers to reproductive healthcare in Pakistan like poverty, lack of information and cultural beliefs are outlined. The document argues that ensuring access to contraception and safe abortion is necessary to achieve reproductive health goals. It closes by discussing links between reproductive rights and issues like poverty reduction, population stabilization, and gender inequality in Pakistan.
The document discusses how mortality and life expectancy are measured globally and how they vary worldwide. It provides key definitions for measuring mortality, including crude death rate and life expectancy. It then examines global patterns of death rates, life expectancy, and infant mortality. Higher mortality is generally seen in less economically developed countries, where infectious diseases are more common causes of death, while chronic diseases dominate in developed nations with longer life expectancies.
Ensure the highest quality care for your patients with Cardiac Registry Support's cancer registry services. We support accreditation efforts and quality improvement initiatives, allowing you to benchmark performance and demonstrate adherence to best practices. Confidence starts with data. Partner with Cardiac Registry Support. For more details visit https://cardiacregistrysupport.com/cancer-registry-services/
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson educati...rightmanforbloodline
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson education
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson education
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson education
Teenage pregnancy is defined as a girl aged 13-19 becoming pregnant. In Malaysia, most first sexual encounters occur between ages 15-19, putting girls at risk of unwanted pregnancy, STDs, and long-term health issues. While the teenage birth and pregnancy rates in Malaysia have decreased in recent years, they remain a public health issue, especially among unmarried, low-income, and rural adolescents. Unwanted pregnancies often lead to abandoned babies and unsafe or illegal abortions, which can result in medical complications. Experts recommend increasing access to sexual education and family planning services to prevent unintended pregnancies and support services for teenage mothers and their children.
The document provides an agenda for a workshop on reproductive, maternal and child health. It includes objectives to provide an overview of global maternal mortality trends, describe the Millennium Development Goals related to reproductive health, and identify causes and strategies to prevent maternal mortality. The agenda also involves interactive activities to define key terms and review what is known about the Millennium Development Goals.
This document provides an overview of adolescent pregnancy from a global perspective. It addresses the magnitude of adolescent pregnancy, noting that 16 million girls aged 15-19 give birth annually with 90% occurring in developing countries. It then discusses the consequences of adolescent pregnancy for both mother and child, including higher rates of maternal mortality and morbidity as well as negative birth outcomes. The circumstances in which adolescent pregnancy occurs are explored, including early marriage, coerced sex, and unintended pregnancy. The document stresses that responses need to consider the different contexts and empower adolescents through education, opportunities, and health services. It concludes by linking adolescent pregnancy to achieving the Millennium Development Goals.
This document discusses reproductive health and maternal and child health care. It defines reproductive health and outlines its various components, including family planning services, safe motherhood practices, infertility treatment, and prevention of reproductive tract infections. It also discusses causes of maternal mortality and measures to reduce maternal mortality rates. The document then covers topics like the maternity cycle, objectives and components of maternal and child health care, and health issues faced by women at different life stages.
Module IIIMaternal Health ______________________________________.docxmoirarandell
Module III
Maternal Health _______________________________________________
Introduction
In the Module we will explore maternal health paying particular attention to global disparities in the support and care mothers around the world get, the factors that promote such disparities, causes of maternal mortality and morbidity, the impact of reproductive patterns on the health of children, and mechanisms to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low-and –middle income countries.
At the end of this Module you should be able to articulate the following:
Critical Skills
1. Explain the global trends in maternal health.
2. Identify the key players and they play in promoting maternal health.
3. Be able to identify the causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in the U.S and other countries, particularly developing nations.
4. Explain mechanisms used to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.
5. Be familiar with at least two development organizations/NGOs and their work around maternal health.
Maternal Health at a Glance
Maternal health refers to the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. While most women look forward to motherhood (and their spouses to fatherhood), for too many women, motherhood is a torturous experience associated with suffering, ill-health and even death. It is estimated that about 800 women die from pregnancy- or childbirth-related complications around the world every day. Consider the following few facts about maternal health (WHO):
· Every day, approximately 800 women die from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth – about 287 000 women in 2010 alone. Most of them died due to preventable cause like not being able to access skilled routine and emergency care.
· The FOUR main maternal mortality causes are: severe bleeding, infections, unsafe abortion, and hypertensive disorders (pre-eclampsia and eclampsia). After delivery bleeding is very serious condition, if unattended, it can kill even a healthy woman within two hours.
· Of the more than 136 million women who give birth a year, about 20 million of them experience pregnancy-related illness after childbirth.
· About 16 million girls aged between 15 and 19 give birth each year, accounting for more than 10% of all births. Complications from pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death among girls 15-19 in developing nations.
· The state of maternal health mirrors the gap between the rich and the poor. Less than 1% of maternal deaths occur in high-income countries. The lifetime risk of dying from complications in childbirth or pregnancy for a woman in the developing world is an average of one in 150 compared to one in 3800 in developed countries. Of the 800 women who die every day,440 live in sub-Saharan Africa, 230 in Southern Asia and five in high-income countries.
· Most maternal deaths can be prevented through skilled care at childbirth and access to emergency obstetric c ...
1.1.3 AWHN Conference 6 2010 Federation:
Commission on the Social Determinants of Health: gendering health inequities.
Southgate Institute for Health, Society & Equity,
Flinders University
Adelaide
This document discusses several health issues that disproportionately affect women globally. It notes that while women live longer on average, factors like unequal access to healthcare and discrimination lead to lower quality of life and increased health risks. Violence against women is common in many parts of the world and increases risks of injury, disease, and mental health issues. Early marriage before age 18 also affects many girls in developing countries and increases risks during pregnancy and childbirth. Maternal mortality during or after childbirth remains high in developing nations. The document encourages raising awareness of these issues and supporting efforts against violence towards women internationally.
gender and geography and gender roles issuespaul esguerra
The document summarizes gender inequality across several categories including demography and health, family and social conditions, education, economic productivity, and politics. It provides statistics showing disparities between men and women globally in areas such as life expectancy, infant mortality, literacy rates, wages, and representation in government. For example, women on average live longer than men but also face greater health challenges. Nearly two-thirds of the world's illiterate population are women. Women perform a large percentage of the world's work but earn only 10% of income and own 1% of property.
Maternal Mortality is a concern for the government of India and hence it is important to know the various aspects of it. Government of India has introduced various programs to look upon it.
The document discusses the causes and effects of HIV/AIDS in Africa. Some key points are: HIV destroys immune cells called CD4 helper lymphocytes, weakening the immune system. Major causes in Africa include starvation, lack of healthcare access, and poverty. Over 20% of deaths in Africa are AIDS-related. Prevention efforts include increased condom use, counseling/testing, and preventing mother-to-child transmission. Around 22 million people in Africa live with HIV/AIDS, accounting for 2/3 of global cases. 3/4 of global AIDS deaths occur in Africa.
- Maternal mortality in Ethiopia is a significant problem, with an estimated 25,000 maternal deaths per year. The major causes of maternal death are similar to other developing countries and include hemorrhage, sepsis, obstructed labor, hypertension, and unsafe abortion.
- There have been some changes in trends over time, with increasing proportions of deaths due to hypertension and hemorrhage, and a declining proportion due to unsafe abortion. Distance to health facilities remains a major factor influencing maternal outcomes.
About humans
Health and wellness
An aspect of Gynecology
Broad for Medical Students
Perfect for teachers
Lucid for the non-medically inclined or the general public
Knowledge based
Result oriented
Contents include:
- Introduction/Definition
- Epidemiology of Infertility
- Anatomy & Physiology
- Factors affecting infertility
- Requirements for infertility
- Causes/Etiology of Infertility
- Evaluation
- Investigations of Infertility
- Treatment of Infertility
- Unexplained infertility
- Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)
- Psychological support
- Case History
- Summary
Was compiled on 29th June 2014
And was presented on 23rd July, 2014 in the State House Medical Centre, Aso Rock, Abuja - FCT, Nigeria.
2. Maternal and infant health profiles SA 2.pdfChantal Settley
Maternal health care in South Africa has improved over time. According to a 2016 survey, facility deliveries increased to 96.7% from 83.4% in 1998 while home deliveries decreased from 14% to 4%. Maternal mortality has declined but remains high at 536 deaths per 100,000 live births. Improved access to antenatal care, skilled birth attendants, and postnatal care has positively impacted maternal and infant health outcomes. However, inequities persist and further efforts are still needed to ensure all women receive quality maternal healthcare.
The document discusses neonatal and child health care. It provides statistics on infant mortality rates globally and in different regions. Almost two-thirds of infant deaths occur in the first month of life, and among those two-thirds die in the first week. The leading causes of neonatal death are preterm birth, severe infections like sepsis and pneumonia, and birth asphyxia. Reducing neonatal mortality is important to achieving Millennium Development Goals around reducing child mortality. The document outlines efforts to prioritize and improve newborn health.
Maternal and neonatal mortality remain major global public health issues. The document discusses definitions of maternal mortality and its causes. Nearly 99% of maternal deaths occur in developing countries. The three delays model outlines reasons for delays in seeking and obtaining care. Historical interventions like traditional birth attendants and antenatal care alone were not effective in reducing mortality. Skilled attendance at delivery is now recognized as the most important intervention, as major complications cannot be predicted and timely, effective emergency care is critical.
maternal mortality and neonatal mortality.pptxiceatashna
Maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity are defined. The leading causes of maternal death are severe bleeding, infections, high blood pressure during pregnancy, and complications during delivery. Nearly 75% of maternal deaths are due to these complications. Skilled care before, during, and after childbirth can prevent many maternal and neonatal deaths by managing and treating complications in a timely manner. However, many women in developing countries do not receive this essential care due to issues of poverty, distance from facilities, lack of information, and inadequate healthcare services. International efforts like the Sustainable Development Goals aim to reduce maternal mortality worldwide by improving access to quality maternal healthcare.
This document discusses reproductive health and rights issues in Pakistan. It begins by presenting background on increasing maternal and infant death rates in Pakistan due to lack of sex education, early marriages, and lack of family planning. It then defines key terms like reproductive health, reproductive rights, and discusses international recognition of these issues. Several pages are dedicated to explaining different modern contraception methods, their effectiveness, and benefits. Barriers to reproductive healthcare in Pakistan like poverty, lack of information and cultural beliefs are outlined. The document argues that ensuring access to contraception and safe abortion is necessary to achieve reproductive health goals. It closes by discussing links between reproductive rights and issues like poverty reduction, population stabilization, and gender inequality in Pakistan.
The document discusses how mortality and life expectancy are measured globally and how they vary worldwide. It provides key definitions for measuring mortality, including crude death rate and life expectancy. It then examines global patterns of death rates, life expectancy, and infant mortality. Higher mortality is generally seen in less economically developed countries, where infectious diseases are more common causes of death, while chronic diseases dominate in developed nations with longer life expectancies.
Ensure the highest quality care for your patients with Cardiac Registry Support's cancer registry services. We support accreditation efforts and quality improvement initiatives, allowing you to benchmark performance and demonstrate adherence to best practices. Confidence starts with data. Partner with Cardiac Registry Support. For more details visit https://cardiacregistrysupport.com/cancer-registry-services/
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson educati...rightmanforbloodline
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson education
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson education
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson education
NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH EMPHYSEMA .PPTblessyjannu21
Prepared by Prof. BLESSY THOMAS, VICE PRINCIPAL, FNCON, SPN.
Emphysema is a disease condition of respiratory system.
Emphysema is an abnormal permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis.
Emphysema of lung is defined as hyper inflation of the lung ais spaces due to obstruction of non respiratory bronchioles as due to loss of elasticity of alveoli.
It is a type of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease.
It is a progressive disease of lungs.
Joker Wigs has been a one-stop-shop for hair products for over 26 years. We provide high-quality hair wigs, hair extensions, hair toppers, hair patch, and more for both men and women.
The story of Dr. Ranjit Jagtap's daughters is more than a tale of inherited responsibility; it's a narrative of passion, innovation, and unwavering commitment to a cause greater than oneself. In Poulami and Aditi Jagtap, we see the beautiful continuum of a father's dream and the limitless potential of compassion-driven healthcare.
VEDANTA AIR AMBULANCE SERVICES IN REWA AT A COST-EFFECTIVE PRICE.pdfVedanta A
Air Ambulance Services In Rewa works in close coordination with ground-based emergency services, including local Emergency Medical Services, fire departments, and law enforcement agencies.
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The Ultimate Guide in Setting Up Market Research System in Health-TechGokul Rangarajan
How to effectively start market research in the health tech industry by defining objectives, crafting problem statements, selecting methods, identifying data collection sources, and setting clear timelines. This guide covers all the preliminary steps needed to lay a strong foundation for your research.
"Market Research it too text-booky, I am in the market for a decade, I am living research book" this is what the founder I met on the event claimed, few of my colleagues rolled their eyes. Its true that one cannot over look the real life experience, but one cannot out beat structured gold mine of market research.
Many 0 to 1 startup founders often overlook market research, but this critical step can make or break a venture, especially in health tech.
But Why do they skip it?
Limited resources—time, money, and manpower—are common culprits.
"In fact, a survey by CB Insights found that 42% of startups fail due to no market need, which is like building a spaceship to Mars only to realise you forgot the fuel."
Sudharsan Srinivasan
Operational Partner Pitchworks VC Studio
Overconfidence in their product’s success leads founders to assume it will naturally find its market, especially in health tech where patient needs, entire system issues and regulatory requirements are as complex as trying to perform brain surgery with a butter knife. Additionally, the pressure to launch quickly and the belief in their own intuition further contribute to this oversight. Yet, thorough market research in health tech could be the key to transforming a startup's vision into a life-saving reality, instead of a medical mishap waiting to happen.
Example of Market Research working
Innovaccer, founded by Abhinav Shashank in 2014, focuses on improving healthcare delivery through data-driven insights and interoperability solutions. Before launching their platform, Innovaccer conducted extensive market research to understand the challenges faced by healthcare organizations and the potential for innovation in healthcare IT.
Identifying Pain Points: Innovaccer surveyed healthcare providers to understand their difficulties with data integration, care coordination, and patient engagement. They found widespread frustration with siloed systems and inefficient workflows.
Competitive Analysis: Analyzed competitors offering similar solutions in healthcare analytics and interoperability. Identified gaps in comprehensive data aggregation, real-time analytics, and actionable insights.
Regulatory Compliance: Ensured their platform complied with HIPAA and other healthcare data privacy regulations. This compliance was crucial to gaining trust from healthcare providers wary of data security issues.
Customer Validation: Conducted pilot programs with several healthcare organizations to validate the platform's effectiveness in improving care outcomes and operational efficiency. Gathered feedback to refine features and user interface.
Mental Health and well-being Presentation. Exploring innovative approaches and strategies for enhancing mental well-being. Discover cutting-edge research, effective strategies, and practical methods for fostering mental well-being.
nursing management of patient with Empyema pptblessyjannu21
prepared by Prof. BLESSY THOMAS, SPN
Empyema is a disease of respiratory system It is defines as the accumulation of thick, purulent fluid within the pleural space, often with fibrin development.
Empyema is also called pyothorax or purulent pleuritis.
It’s a condition in which pus gathers in the area between the lungs and the inner surface of the chest wall. This area is known as the pleural space.
Pus is a fluid that’s filled with immune cells, dead cells, and bacteria.
Pus in the pleural space can’t be coughed out. Instead, it needs to be drained by a needle or surgery.
Empyema usually develops after pneumonia, which is an infection of the lung tissue. it is mainly caused due in infectious micro-organisms. It can be treated with medications and other measures.
The facial nerve, also known as cranial nerve VII, is one of the 12 cranial nerves originating from the brain. It's a mixed nerve, meaning it contains both sensory and motor fibres, and it plays a crucial role in controlling various facial muscles, as well as conveying sensory information from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
India Home Healthcare Market: Driving Forces and Disruptive Trends [2029]Kumar Satyam
According to the TechSci Research report titled "India Home Healthcare Market - By Region, Competition, Forecast and Opportunities, 2029," the India home healthcare market is anticipated to grow at an impressive rate during the forecast period. This growth can be attributed to several factors, including the rising demand for managing health issues such as chronic diseases, post-operative care, elderly care, palliative care, and mental health. The growing preference for personalized healthcare among people is also a significant driver. Additionally, rapid advancements in science and technology, increasing healthcare costs, changes in food laws affecting label and product claims, a burgeoning aging population, and a rising interest in attaining wellness through diet are expected to escalate the growth of the India home healthcare market in the coming years.
Browse over XX market data Figures spread through 70 Pages and an in-depth TOC on "India Home Healthcare Market”
https://www.techsciresearch.com/report/india-home-healthcare-market/15508.html
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES FOR CHILDREN.pdfSachin Sharma
Here are some key objectives of communication with children:
Build Trust and Security:
Establish a safe and supportive environment where children feel comfortable expressing themselves.
Encourage Expression:
Enable children to articulate their thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
Promote Emotional Understanding:
Help children identify and understand their own emotions and the emotions of others.
Enhance Listening Skills:
Develop children’s ability to listen attentively and respond appropriately.
Foster Positive Relationships:
Strengthen the bond between children and caregivers, peers, and other adults.
Support Learning and Development:
Aid cognitive and language development through engaging and meaningful conversations.
Teach Social Skills:
Encourage polite, respectful, and empathetic interactions with others.
Resolve Conflicts:
Provide tools and guidance for children to handle disagreements constructively.
Encourage Independence:
Support children in making decisions and solving problems on their own.
Provide Reassurance and Comfort:
Offer comfort and understanding during times of distress or uncertainty.
Reinforce Positive Behavior:
Acknowledge and encourage positive actions and behaviors.
Guide and Educate:
Offer clear instructions and explanations to help children understand expectations and learn new concepts.
By focusing on these objectives, communication with children can be both effective and nurturing, supporting their overall growth and well-being.
2. Objectives
• At the end of the session you are expected to:
Describe the major maternal health problems
Describe the status of women
Identify factors affecting reproductive health
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4. Maternal health problems
• Women have the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable
standard of physical and mental health.
• This is vital to their life, well-being and their ability to participate in all
areas of public and private life.
• However, they are largely suffering from problems related to sexual
health, pregnancy, contraceptive side effects etc.
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5. Maternal health problems...
• Death and illnesses from reproductive causes are highest
among poor women every where
• In Poor, illiterate and politically powerless, high rates of
reproductive illness and death are the norm.
• Highest in developing countries including Ethiopia.
• Women’s health is very important not only because of their
number but also their health is a key to the health of the
present and future generation. 7/1/2023
5
6. Maternal health problems…
• Women’s health needs differ from men because of their
biological & gender differentials in exposure to risk factors
• The life cycle of women between menarche and menopause
involves psychosocial and physiological functions of
fertility.
• So their health needs are more than men in this area
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6
8. Health problems affecting
women through out life cycle
• Infancy and childhood(0-9)
• Adolescence(10-19)
• Reproductive years(15-49)
• Post reproductive years(45 +)
• Life time health problems()
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9. Maternal health problems…
The major maternal health problems include
o Unintended pregnancy & Unsafe abortion
o Problems related to Pregnancy & childbirth
o HTP
o VAW
o HIV/AIDS & STIS
o Cancers of Reproductive organs
o Malnutrition and etc…
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10. (1)Unwanted pregnancy & unsafe abortion
Worldwide nearly 230 million (1 in 6) WCA lack
information on and access to a full range of contraceptive
methods.
Contraceptive services, even where they exist, often do not meet
women’s needs.
In developing countries more than 120 million couples
have an unmet need for safe and effective contraception
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11. Unwanted pregnancy & unsafe abortion…
• women have little control over sexual relations and
contraceptive use,
• This limits their ability to prevent unintended pregnancies
• 20% - 50% of all women report having experienced sexual
coercion, abuse, or rape, putting them at high risk for
unwanted pregnancy.
• Adolescents and unmarried women are particularly
vulnerable 7/1/2023
11
12. Unwanted pregnancy & unsafe abortion…
• Out of 182 million pregnancies occurring each year in the
developing world about 80 million or 40% are unwanted or
ill-timed.
• 46 million unwanted pregnancies end in abortion each year,
• Unsafe abortions threaten the lives of a large number of
women, representing an important public health problem.
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13. Unwanted pregnancy & unsafe abortion…
• About 20 million unsafe abortions take place each year
95% of them in the developing world.
• Complications of unsafe abortion kill at least 78,000
women every year.
• Hundreds of thousands experience short- or long-term
disabilities
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14. Estimated annual number of unsafe abortions, globally and by major regions, 2003 and 2008.
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15. Global and regional estimates of mortality due to unsafe abortion, 2008
a. Japan, Australia and New Zealand have been excluded from the regional estimates, but are included in the total for
developed countries.
b. No estimates are shown for regions where the incidence of unsafe abortion is negligible.
7/1/2023 15
16. (2)Problems related to Pregnancy & childbirth
• Every day at least 1,600 women die from the complications of
pregnancy and childbirth.
• A minimum of 585,000 women dying each year.
• Each year over 50 million women experience pregnancy-related
complications, many of which lead to long-term illness or disability.
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16
17. Problems related to Pregnancy & childbirth…
• A total of 99% of all maternal deaths occur in developing countries
• More than half of these deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa and one
third in South Asia.
• Complications of pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of
death and disability for women in developing countries.
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17
19. Pregnancy & childbirth…
• The common maternal health problems during pregnancy and child
birth includes
• Eclampsia
• Anemia
• APH
• Obstructed labor, fistula, uterine prolapse
• PPH
• Sepsis, Etc…
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20. 7/1/2023 20
Source: WHO 2010. * Nearly all(99%) abortion deaths are due to unsafe
abortion. ** this category includes deaths due to obstructed labor or anemia
21. (3)Harmful traditional practices (HTP)
• Is threat to the health of mothers
• Eg. FGM, early marriage, Abduction, rape etc.
Female genital mutilation (FGM)
• FGM is practiced all over the world, more in Africa & Asia
• 100 million women and girls are estimated to have had FGM in Africa
• According to WHO report
• Every year around 2 million young girls suffer from FGM
• ETHIOPIA…………
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21
22. (4) Violence Against Women (VAW)
• "Any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely
to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or
suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or
arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or
in private life.
(Defined by The UN Declaration on the Elimination of VAW , 1993)
7/1/2023
22
23. Violence Against Women (VAW)...
• VAW is one of the most alarming health problems
• WHO estimated that:
• About one-quarter of the world’s women are subjected to
violence and abuse in their homes
• Over 50% in Thailand &
• As high as 80% in Pakistan
• Ethiopia?
7/1/2023
23
Life time prevalence physical ,sexual violence and physical or
sexual or both was 49% ,59% and 71% respectively[WHO
Multicounty study,2005]
24. VAW...
• Domestic violence is the most widespread
Studies in 35 countries suggested that about 25-50% of all
women have been physically abused by their partner
Adolescent girls and young women experience violence
disproportionately.
40-58 % of sexual assaults are committed against girls aged 15
and younger.
7/1/2023
24
26. VAW...
Violence can have numerous negative consequences for
women’s sexual and RH, such as:
Restricted access to FP information
Unwanted pregnancies
Unsafe abortion and its complications
High-risk pregnancies and lack of follow up
STIs, including HIV/AIDS
Persistent gynecological problems
infertility
Psychological problems, including fear of sex and
loss of pleasure
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27. (5) HIV/AIDS/STIs
• The HIV pandemic remains the most serious of infectious
disease challenges to public health.
• According to AIDS Epidemic updates of 2012
• Globally, 34.0 million PLHIV at the end of 2011.
• An estimated 0.8% of adults aged 15-49 years worldwide are living with
HIV,
• Sub-Saharan Africa
• 1 in every 20 adults(4.9%) living with HIV and
• accounting for 69% of the people living with HIV Worldwide.
7/1/2023
27
28. HIV/AIDS/STIs…
• Ethiopian situation
• MOH/FHAPCO, 2012
More than 800,000 PLHIV
1million children are AIDS orphaned
1.5%(Male=1, Female=1.9%)[EDHS,2011]
Urban 4.2% & rural 0.6%
7/1/2023
28
29. HIV/AIDS/STIs…
• Every day, more than 1 million people are infected with a curable STDs worldwide
• An estimated 333 million cases worldwide each year
• About 165 million among women aged 15-49 years
• Various STDs increase the risk of HIV transmission by at least 3-4 times.
• The four most common STDs:
• syphilis, gonorrhea, Chlamydia and trichomoniasis are relatively easy to cure
through antibiotic treatment.
7/1/2023
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30. (6) Reproductive organ cancers
• Cervical cancer is an important women’s health problem in
developing countries, killing some 200,000 women each year.
• It is the third most common cancer overall and the leading cause
of death from cancer among women in developing countries.
• At least 370,000 new cases each year;
80% in developing countries.
Occurs worldwide, but the highest incidence rates are found in
Central and South America, eastern Africa, South and South-East Asia
7/1/2023
30
31. 7/1/2023 31
Worldwide incidence rates of cervical cancer per 100,000 females (all ages),Age
standardized to the WHO standard population (2005)
Source: WHO(2006)
32. (7)Malnutrition
• An estimated 450 million adult women in developing countries are
stunted, a direct result of malnutrition in early life.
• Micronutrient deficiency are common problems among women,
Particularly Anemia
• According to EDHS 2011,
• 17% of mothers have any form of anemia
7/1/2023
32
37. Factors...
• RH is a crucial part of general health and a central feature of
human development.
• In most developing-country settings, much of the loss of life and
human productivity that is due to poor RH could be prevented
with affordable and cost-effective programs.
• However, a number of factors exist affecting the existence and use
of RH services.
7/1/2023
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38. Factors...
• The factors affect:
The needs for RH
The health care system &
Health seeking behavior & service utilization
7/1/2023 38
39. Factors...
• RH affects, and is affected by, the broader context of people's lives, including
• Economic circumstances
• Education
• Employment
• Living conditions
• Family environment
• Social and gender relationships and
• The traditional and legal structures within which they live.
7/1/2023
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40. Factors...
• Sexual and reproductive behaviors are governed by
complex biological, cultural and psychosocial factors.
• Therefore, the attainment of RH is not limited to interventions by
the health sector alone.
• The status of girls and women in society, and how they are
treated or mistreated, is a crucial determinant of their
reproductive health.
7/1/2023
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41. Factors...
• Factors that affect RH operate at several levels:
At Households and communities
At the health system
At the public polices and actions
7/1/2023
41
42. 1. Households and community
1.1.Households factors
• Health behavior :-
avoiding or minimizing risks
Using FP methods
Practicing safe sex
Dietary habits
Utilization of health services
Decision making process & control of resources
7/1/2023
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43. Households factors…
• Household resources and assets
Household income and owning
Access to information
Quality of housing
Education of household members
7/1/2023
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44. 1.2 Community factors
• Gender norms and practices
• Existence of effective community groups & social
cohesion
• Cultural and religions values
7/1/2023
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45. 2. Health system factors
• Quality : Availability of service, supplies and skilled
professionals
• Access: Physical and financial accessibility
Referral for complications and emergencies
Health information campaigns
Logistic management system for FP and other commodities
7/1/2023
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46. Other related sectors
Transportation,
Communications
Education, and
Water and sanitation.
Agriculture
Etc.
7/1/2023
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47. 3.Government policies and actions
• The manner in which revenue is raised for RH
• The amount of budget allocated for RH
• Laws and regulations
• The methods of consultation with stakeholders
• Representing women in decision making positions.
7/1/2023
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48. • What can be Done to overcome these problems?
7/1/2023 48
49. Solutions
• Lifecycle approach to health
• Women’s right to the enjoyment of the highest
standard of health must be secured throughout the
whole life cycle
• Women empowerment & right based approach to RH
• Good health is essential to leading a productive
fulfilling life, and the right of all women to control all
aspects of their health is basic to their empowerment.
7/1/2023 49
50. Solution...
• Improve access & utilization of contraceptive methods
• Mobilizing and providing sufficient resources to meet
the growing demand for access to information, counseling,
services and follow-up on the widest possible range of
safe, effective, affordable and acceptable contraceptive
methods
• Comprehensives post abortion care & safe abortion
service
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51. Solution...
Providing Good quality RH services
Improving access to Essential obstetric care
Equipping the facility with skilled human power,
equipments & necessary supplies
Promoting good referral system
7/1/2023 51
52. Solution...
• Making STDs and HIV/AIDS prevention and control an integral
component of reproductive and sexual health programs
• Avoiding of all forms of VAW & care and support for victims of
VAW
• Avoiding all forms of harmful traditional practices.
• Good nutrition & Micronutrient supplementation for mothers
• etc
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