The document discusses the concepts of sex and gender, highlighting the influences of biology, psychology, and sociology on human sexuality and gender roles. It contrasts biological differences (sex) with socially constructed roles and stereotypes (gender) and emphasizes the importance of gender socialization from an early age. The document also examines various sociological perspectives, including functionalist, conflict, feminist, and radical feminism, regarding gender roles and equality.

1. SEX and GENDER
SEX and GENDER
ROLE
ROLE
adapted from the presentation of Prof.
adapted from the presentation of Prof.
Alexander Rodis
Alexander Rodis
Presented by:
Presented by:
Prof. Arnel O. Rivera
Prof. Arnel O. Rivera
LPU-Cavite Campus
LPU-Cavite Campus

2.  Sexuality – central aspect of being human
throughout life and includes gender
identities, roles and sexual orientation.
 Human Sexuality – the way in which we
experience ourselves as sexual beings. It
is an integral part of our personality.
 Actual Gender is the main factor that
develop our sexuality.

3.  Biological aspect – deals with human
reproduction and the physical means
which we carry it out, it is the aspect
of sexuality, heredity and hormones
and gender.
 Psychological aspect – focus on
psychological influences that affect
social beahvior.

4.  Emotional – deals with intense emotions
associated wiut social bonds.
 Physical – physiological, sociological
psychological aspect of human behavior.
 Sociocultural- understood as part of social
life of human governed by implied rules of
behavior and the status quo.
– E.g. influences of social norms, politics, mass
media

5. Characteristics most often said to men:
Characteristics most often said to men:
1. Aggressive
1. Aggressive 12. Demanding
12. Demanding
2. Proud
2. Proud 13. Possessive
13. Possessive
3. Disorganized
3. Disorganized 14. Funny
14. Funny
4. Courageous
4. Courageous 15. Level-headed
15. Level-headed
5. Confident
5. Confident
6. Independent
6. Independent
7. Confident
7. Confident
8. Ambitious
8. Ambitious
9. Selfish
9. Selfish
10. Logical
10. Logical
11. Easy going
11. Easy going

6. Characteristics most often said to describe
Characteristics most often said to describe
women
women
1. Emotional
1. Emotional 9. Thrifty
9. Thrifty
2. Talkative
2. Talkative 10. Manipulative
10. Manipulative
3. Sensitive
3. Sensitive 11. Honest
11. Honest
4. Affectionate
4. Affectionate 12. Creative
12. Creative
5. Patient
5. Patient 13. Critical
13. Critical
6. Romantic
6. Romantic 14. Happy
14. Happy
7. Moody
7. Moody 15. Possessive
15. Possessive
8. Cautious
8. Cautious

7.  Questions:
Questions:
 How do people should be “
How do people should be “male”
male” and “
and “female”?
female”?
 How do you think societies viewed men and
How do you think societies viewed men and
women?
women?
 Answer: Society viewed men/women in terms of
Answer: Society viewed men/women in terms of
- differences
- differences
- Unequal (places, work, personality,
- Unequal (places, work, personality,
traits, ideas and virtues.
traits, ideas and virtues.

8. Difference Between Sex and
Difference Between Sex and
Gender
Gender
 Sex - Biological and anatomical differences
Sex - Biological and anatomical differences
between man and woman. Including the primary
between man and woman. Including the primary
sex and the secondary sex.
sex and the secondary sex.
 Gender – refers to culturally/ socially constructed
Gender – refers to culturally/ socially constructed
differences between females and males.
differences between females and males.
 Or : Belief with practices of femininity and
Or : Belief with practices of femininity and
masculinity.
masculinity.
 Gender Role – expected behavior, attitudes,
Gender Role – expected behavior, attitudes,
obligation that a society assign to each sex.
obligation that a society assign to each sex.

9.  Gender Stereotypes- strongly held ideas
Gender Stereotypes- strongly held ideas
about the characteristics of male and
about the characteristics of male and
female.
female.
or:
or:
Our expectation men and women should
Our expectation men and women should
perform.
perform.

10. Gender Socialization
Gender Socialization
 Importance:
Importance:
 We learn Gender Roles through as soon
We learn Gender Roles through as soon
as the infant gender is established.
as the infant gender is established.
 Enlighten him/her in socio cultural
Enlighten him/her in socio cultural
world into which she / he has born and
world into which she / he has born and
able him to socialize and acts as man as
able him to socialize and acts as man as
man and woman as woman.
man and woman as woman.

11. Sources of Gender Learning:
Sources of Gender Learning:
1. Influence of the Family
1. Influence of the Family
2. Influence of the Peer
2. Influence of the Peer
3. Influence of the School
3. Influence of the School
4. Influence of Mass Media
4. Influence of Mass Media

12. Functionalist Perspective
Functionalist Perspective
The role of Women are very crucial in ensuring
The role of Women are very crucial in ensuring
that key societal tasks are fulfilled.
that key societal tasks are fulfilled.
Husband perform – “Instrumental task”
Husband perform – “Instrumental task”
- decision making
- decision making
- Economic supervision
- Economic supervision
Wife performs - “Expressive tasks”
Wife performs - “Expressive tasks”
- providing affection
- providing affection
- emotion support of the family
- emotion support of the family

13. Conflict Perspective
Conflict Perspective
 The
The Gender division
Gender division of labor within the
of labor within the
Family
Family results from
results from Male Control
Male Control and
and
Dominance
Dominance over women and resources.
over women and resources.
 Feminist Perspective
Feminist Perspective
– Advocate
Advocate Social Change
Social Change simply to eradicate
simply to eradicate
Gender equality –
Gender equality – EQUALITY of OPPORTUNITY.
EQUALITY of OPPORTUNITY.

14. Radical Feminism
Radical Feminism
 Male Dominance is seen as the cause
Male Dominance is seen as the cause
of Oppression.
of Oppression.
 Socialist Feminism
Socialist Feminism
Women’s oppression results from their
Women’s oppression results from their
“DUAL roles
“DUAL roles paid
paid and the
and the unpaid
unpaid workers.
workers.

15. Activity
Activity
 Film Viewing: The Impossible Dream
Film Viewing: The Impossible Dream