This document discusses different techniques and mediums used in two-dimensional contemporary art forms. It defines medium as the material used to create a work of art, and identifies various painting surfaces like canvas, paper, wood. It also explains properties of medium like scale, format and frame. Dry mediums like pencil and wet mediums like watercolor are discussed. Key painting techniques include wet-on-wet, dry brush, alla prima, glazing and scrumbling. Paint is composed of pigments, binders and solvents. Contemporary artists often apply paint directly onto canvas using the alla prima technique.

1. DIFFERENT CONTEMPORARY
ART TECHNIQUES AND
PERFORMANCE PRACTICES

2. Two-
Dimensional
Art Forms
Medium and Technique

3. MEDIUM
Medium is the
material,
which a work
if art is made
of.
(Guillermo
et.al.,1988,p.
26)

5. MEDIUM
In contemporary art,
medium is an ”artistic
choice, conscious or
intuitive, according to
the concepts, values,
feelings, that the
artist conveys in the
work.”
(Guillermo
et.al.,1988,p.26)

6. MEDIUM
In traditional art,
communities may have
been sharing common
medium techniques and
style, hence their
works can have
similarities with each
other.
(Datuin et.al.,
2018,p.47)S

7. MEDIUM
Because of the communal
aspect in its
production, some art
objects produced can
embody the identity of
a particular community.
(Datuin et.al.,
2018,p.47)s

8. THREE PROPERTIES OF MEDIUM
1.Scale- refers to the
size and dimensions of
the work.
(Guillermo et.al.,1988
p.39)

9. THREE PROPERTIES OF MEDIUM
2.Format-refers to
the orientation
of the canvas or
surface
background.
(Guillermo
et.al.,1988 p.39)

10. THREE PROPERTIES OF MEDIUM
3. Frame-refers to how
the work is framed
or the manner it is
displayed.(physical
frame that encloses
the artwork)
(Guillermo et.al.,1988
p.39)

11. In 2-D art, medium
includes flat
surface and a
marking or coloring
substance applied
on it.
(Guillermo
et.al.,2988,p.26)

12. In easel paintings
the traditional
surface is primed
canvas, cotton or
linen.
(Guillermo
et.al.,2988,p.26)

13. Katsa or
cheesecloth is
a common
alternative to
canvas
(Guillermo
et.al.,2988,p.2
7)

14. Paintings can also
be done on wood
such as plywood.
Marine plywood is
ideal as it does
not deform.
(Guillermo
et.al.,1988,p.27)
Painting can also be done on wood such as plywood.
Marine plywood is ideal as it does not deform.
(Guillermo et.al.,1988,p.27)

15. Aside from canvas,
paper is also used.
Take note that paper
have a range of
thickness, weight,
textures.
Take note that paper
have a range of
thickness, weight,
textures.
(Guillermo
et.al.,1988,p.27)

16. Drawing is a
technique of
depicting
representational
and non-
representational
subjects and
designs on a
flat surface.
(Mittler,2005,p.
52)

17. In painting,
artists apply
paint and
pigments onto
the flat
surface to
represent the
subject.

18. Dry media are
media that can
be applied on
the surface dry.
Pencil, crayon,
pastel, chalk,
graphite, and
charcoal are
examples of dry
media.
(Mittler,
2005,p.54)

19. Wet media are media
in which pigments
or colored
substances are
combined with
liquid.
Ink, watercolor,
acrylic. Gouache,
and oil paint are
examples of wet
media.
(Mittler,
2005,p.54)

20. Paints are
composed of
three
pigments,
binder and
solvent.
(Mittler,
205,p.58)

21. Pigment is a
natural or
synthetic
substance
that provides
color to the
paint.
(Mittler,
205,p.58)

22. Binder is a substance that holds the pigments
together.
Watercolor uses water and gum arabic.
Acrylic paint uses acrylic polymer.
Some tempera paints use egg whites.
Some oil paint uses linseed oil.
(Mittler, 2005, p.58)

23. Solvent is the
substance used
to dilute the
binder and the
pigment to
make the paint
thinner.
(Mittler,
2005, p.58)

24. Prior to painting, using
watercolor, paper can be
soaked and stretched to
prevent paper from
bulging.
(Guillermo et
al.,1988,p.27)
TECHNIQUE

25. Wet-on-wet
technique makes
for a misty and
airy
impression.
(Guillermo
et.al.,2988,p.2
7)

27. Dry brush
technique is used
in rendering
small details on
portraits and
still life.
(Guillermo
et.al.,1988,p.27)

30. Most
contemporary
artist use a
technique
called alla
prima, or
applying paint
directly onto
the canvas
using a brush.
(Guillermo
et.al.,1989,p.
26)

32. Glazing is a
method of
applying thin,
transparent
layers of oil
paint over an
underpaint,
affecting its
hue.

34. Scrumbling is a
technique, where
opaque layers of
paint are applied
over the
underpaint, with
its areas and
patches showing
through.
(Guillermo
et.al.,1988,p.26)