2.6.2 Pam Rugkhla
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2.6.2 AWHN Conference 6 2010 Chancellor 6: Gender Analysis in the Real World. Applying a gendered approach to current health issues.
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2.6.2 Pam Rugkhla
- 1. URL: http://www.whv.org.au Email: whv@whv.org.au Phone: 9662 3755 Gender Analysis in the Real World Applying a gendered approach to current health issues Pam Rugkhla Health Promotion Officer Women’s Health Victoria URL: http://www.whv.org.au Email: whv@whv.org.au Phone: 9662 3755
- 2. URL: http://www.whv.org.au Email: whv@whv.org.au Phone: 9662 3755 Gender analysis • Widely used by many in their work • Refers to a process that examines the differences in the lives of women and men
- 3. URL: http://www.whv.org.au Email: whv@whv.org.au Phone: 9662 3755 Sex-disaggregated data • Information that is cross-classified by sex • For data: http://www.theindex.org.au/ • The beginning of the gender analysis
- 4. URL: http://www.whv.org.au Email: whv@whv.org.au Phone: 9662 3755 The employment rate has been increasing, particularly for women Social Inclusion in Australia: How Australia is faring Social Inclusion Board, 2010
- 5. URL: http://www.whv.org.au Email: whv@whv.org.au Phone: 9662 3755 Males had higher victimisation rates than females in all age groups Australian Crimes: Facts and Figures Australian Institute of Criminology, 2009
- 6. URL: http://www.whv.org.au Email: whv@whv.org.au Phone: 9662 3755 Suicide rates have dropped among men. Female suicide rates have remained constant and are around one quarter of the rates of males LIFE Fact Sheet 3 Department of Health and Ageing, 2007
- 7. URL: http://www.whv.org.au Email: whv@whv.org.au Phone: 9662 3755 Prompts for analysing sex-disaggregated data • Examine all the relevant details on the issue •Consider life factors particular to women and men along side the data, source of inequities •Examine the relationships between gender and other aspects of diversity
- 8. URL: http://www.whv.org.au Email: whv@whv.org.au Phone: 9662 3755 Gender analysis on employment • A higher proportion of women are underemployed, employed on part-time and casual basis • Traditional female dominated jobs tend to be lower paid • More women are primary care givers, impacting on time in paid workforce • Links to discrimination, migration, education level, cultural expectations
- 9. URL: http://www.whv.org.au Email: whv@whv.org.au Phone: 9662 3755 Policies and programs on employment Based on sex- disaggregated data •No actions required Based on Gender analysis •Pay equity •Child care, Aged care •Paid parental leave •Job share •Indigenous employment programs
- 10. URL: http://www.whv.org.au Email: whv@whv.org.au Phone: 9662 3755 Gender analysis of violence • Typical male victim experienced the violence on the street perpetrated by strangers or non-family members • Typical female victim experienced violence from a family member/partner in the home • Associated factors - power relations, pregnancy, drought, financial insecurity, disability, age, isolation, discrimination, past abuse and trauma
- 11. URL: http://www.whv.org.au Email: whv@whv.org.au Phone: 9662 3755 Policies and programs on violence Based on sex- disaggregated data •Target young men Based on Gender analysis •Men - street violence, family violence, mental health •Women – family violence, mental health •Social determinants of violence
- 12. URL: http://www.whv.org.au Email: whv@whv.org.au Phone: 9662 3755 Gender analysis on suicide • Women attempt suicide at a higher rate but more men complete suicide • Stigma - suicide attempts seen as attention seeking, not receiving appropriate help • Women who have experienced violence are 5 times more likely to attempt suicide • Samesex attracted women, Indigenous women
- 13. URL: http://www.whv.org.au Email: whv@whv.org.au Phone: 9662 3755 Policies and programs on suicide Based on sex- disaggregated data •Target men Based on Gender analysis •Men - mental health •Women – family violence, mental health •Indigenous women and samesex attracted women
- 14. URL: http://www.whv.org.au Email: whv@whv.org.au Phone: 9662 3755 Gender analysis • Go beyond sex-disaggregated data • Lead to a more targeted approach • Redress inequities • Good practice Contact: Pam.Rugkhla@whv.org.au
- 15. URL: http://www.whv.org.au Email: whv@whv.org.au Phone: 9662 3755 Women’s Mental Health Networking lunchtime session • 12.50-1.50 today • Location: Chancellor 1 • BYO Food and drink (from the main lunch hall)
Editor's Notes
- Today, I will be discussing some common challenges around applying a gender analysis in the real world by using some examples from current health issues. I will also be discussing some simple prompts to help us ensure that a thorough analysis is conducted. <number>
- GA examines the differences in the lives of women and men, their participation in social and economic spheres, and the different impacts of polices and programs on their lives. GA has been introduced to highlight the inequalities between the genders, and designing appropriate responses to address them. <number>
- It is commonly understood that sex-disaggregated data is necessary for the development of gender sensitive policy and programs. However, it is important not to limit gender analysis to a sex based analysis. Using sex-disaggregated data without a thorough gender analysis can lead to misinformed approaches and over-simplification of women’s and men’s needs <number>
- Let’s take a look at another example in more details. In 2008, the majority of recorded victims of violence were male. Men aged 15-24 make up the largest number of victims with almost 1 in 5 having been assaulted. The data comes from the Australian institute of Criminology which is a reputable source. The data are the lasted published figures on reported crimes. Without any further analysis, we may conclude that policy and program responses on violence should be directed at men, particularly those aged between 15 and 24. <number>
- While having sex-disaggregated data can sometimes seems like the final step in gender analysis, it is in fact only the first step. The next step is to analyse the data by using some simple prompts, which are: Examining the relevant details on the issue. For example, this information comes from the Social Inclusion Board Employment rate has been increasing in the past 5 years, particularly for women So at first glance, it may appear that women are faring well in the workforce. However, we need to drill down by examining all the relevant details including what kinds of employment? Are they part-time, full-time or casual? Are women being underemployed or underpaid for their qualification? Is their a gender pay gap, if so, what is it? We would also want to know what the rates were before for men and women and what are the rates now? The second prompt reminds us that we also need to consider life factors particular to women and men along side the data such as cultural values, family responsibilities, education and access to resources. This information helps to identify power relations between the genders. So this prompt helps us to find out why women may be experiencing different employment patterns to men. Gender analysis recognises that women’s lives are not all the same. The interests that women have in common are determined as much by their social position, sexual orientation, ability and their ethnic identity as well as by the fact that they women. <number>
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- However, we still need to examine all the relevant details. The data that the Australian Institute of Criminology used came from the Australian Bureau of Statistic’s Crimes Victimisation 2008-09. The original document contains more details including a number of supporting sex-disaggregated data. What we found was while men make up the majority of assault victims , the actual percentage was 57%, which meant that women made up almost half the number of assault victims at 43%. So violence is by no means, an issue predominantly experienced by men. The most noticeable observation when looking over the statistics on violence is the degree to which this is a gendered experience. The typical male victim experienced the violence on the street; the typical female victim suffered violence from a family member in the home. 61 % of assault against women occurred in homes, compared to 24% for men. Relationships between the victims and the offenders also differ for women and men. While most women were assaulted by their family members, particularly their current or previous partners, most men were assaulted by strangers or non-family members. 77% of women were assaulted by someone they know, 31% of whom were their current or previous partners. On the other hand, while 53% of violence against men were perpetrated by someone they know, 46% of whom were non-family members and14 % were someone the victims only know by sight. 3% of men were assaulted by their current or previous partner. So 47% of violence against men were committed by strangers, compared to 23% for women. The second prompt reminds us to consider life factors along side the data and how they relate to gender. What we found was violence in linked to other issues that intersects with gender including power and normative cultural values, discrimination, isolation, income, substance abuse and mental health. For women, men’s attitudes about gender equality and controlling behaviours towards women are a major predictor of violence against women. While for men, alcohol is recognised as the major trigger for violence against men. <number>
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- Gender analysis enables health professionals and policy makers to go beyond the statistics and look at both the causes and the protective factors surrounding a given health issue. It is good practice as programs an policies work best when the characteristics and needs of those who will be affected are taken into account. By placing a spotlight on the situations and needs of women, gender analysis gives a clear idea of the consequences and impact of initiatives. It uncovers important and policy-relevant considerations that have been there, but have not been seen. It helps uncover hidden assumptions and values which may sustain inequality and leads to better targeted service delivery. <number>
- The Women’s Mental Health Networking lunchtime session will provide participants with the opportunity to Exchange details of the relevant work they are involved with Identify the key mental health issues impacting on women in their state And begin to explore possible future national women’s mental health priorities This networking lunch will be held at the Conference on Thursday 20th May 2010, 12.50pm - 1.50pm. Location: Chancellor 1 BYO Food and drink (from the main lunch hall) <number>