The document summarizes key indicators from Uganda's 2016 Demographic and Health Survey. Some key findings include: fertility has declined but remains high at 6.2 births per woman; contraceptive use has increased to 39% among married women; unmet need for family planning remains at 28%; childhood vaccination coverage has improved to 79% for all basic vaccines; and HIV knowledge is widespread though prevalence remains a challenge. The survey aimed to provide national and sub-regional data on health and demographic indicators to inform policy.

1. 2016 Uganda Demographic
and Health Survey (UDHS)
Key Indicators Report

2. 2
2011 UDHS
2016 UDHS
The 2016 UDHS was implemented by the Uganda Bureau of
Statistics (UBOS).
ICF International provided technical assistance through the
USAID-funded MEASURE DHS project.

3. Objective
• The main objective of the 2016 UDHS is to provide up-to-
date estimates of basic demographic and health
indicators on fertility levels, marriage, sexual activity,
fertility preferences, awareness and use of family
planning methods, breastfeeding practices, nutrition,
childhood and maternal mortality, maternal and child
health, awareness and behaviour of HIV/AIDS and other
STIs, and other health issues such as vitamin A deficiency
and disability.
• This information is intended to assist policy-makers and
programme managers in evaluating and designing
programmes and strategies for improving the health of
Ugandans.

4. The Survey
•The 2016 UDHS is the 6th Demographic and
Health Survey conducted in Uganda as part
of The DHS Program.
•It is designed to provide estimates of key
indicators for:
• the country as a whole,
• the urban and rural areas,
• each of the 15 sub regions.
• Indicators will also be shown for 3 special
areas: the Lake Victoria island districts, the
mountain districts, and greater Kampala.

5. The 2016 UDHS Subregions
• South Central: Butambala, Gomba, Mpigi, Bukomansimbi, Kalangala, Kalungu, Lwengo, Lyantonde,
Masaka, Rakai, Sembabule, Wakiso
• North Central: Buikwe, Buvuma, Kayunga, Kiboga, Kyankwanzi, Luwero, Mityana, Mubende, Mukono,
Nakaseke, Nakasongola
• Kampala: Kampala
• Busoga: Bugiri, Namutumba, Buyende, Iganga, Jinja, Kaliro, Kamuli, Luuka, Mayuge, Namayingo
• Bukedi: Budaka, Butaleja, Kibuku, Pallisa, Tororo, Busia
• Bugisu: Bulambuli, Kapchorwa, Kween, Bududa, Manafwa, Mbale, Sironko, Bukwo
• Teso: Amuria, Bukedea, Katakwi, Kumi, Ngora, Soroti, Kaberamaido, Serere
• Karamoja: Abim, Amudat, Kaabong, Kotido, Moroto, Nakapiripirit, Napak
• Lango: Alebtong, Amolatar, Dokolo, Lira, Otuke, Apac, Kole, Oyam
• Acholi: Agago, Amuru, Gulu, Lamwo, Pader, Kitgum, Nwoya
• West Nile: Adjumani, Arua, Koboko, Maracha, Moyo, Nebbi, Yumbe, Zombo
• Bunyoro: Buliisa, Hoima, Kibaale, Kiryandongo, Masindi
• Tooro: Bundibugyo, Kabarole, Kasese, Ntoroko, Kyenjojo, Kamwenge, Kyegegwa
• Kigezi: Kabale, Kisoro, Kanungu, Rukungiri
• Ankole: Buhweju, Bushenyi, Ibanda, Isingiro, Kiruhura, Mbarara, Mitooma, Ntungamo, Rubirizi, Sheema

6. 6
2016 UDHS -15 Sub-regions

7. The 2016 UDHS Special Areas
• Islands: Islands and shoreline areas in Kalangala,
Mayuge, Buvuma, Namayingo, Rakai, Mukono and
Wakiso districts
• Mountains: Bundibugyo, Kasese, Ntoroko,
Bukwo, Bulambuli, Kapchorwa, Kween, Kisoro,
Sronko, Mbale, and Kaabong districts
• Greater Kampala: Kampala district and urban
areas in Mukono and Wakiso districts

8. Sample Design
Sampling Frame: 2014 Uganda National Population and
Housing Census
First Stage: 162 urban and 535 rural enumeration areas
(EAs) selected
Second Stage: 30 households were selected per EA or EA
segment, for a total sample size of 20,880 households
Selected households were visited and interviewed; women
age 15-49 in all selected households and
men age 15-54 in one third of the selected households
were interviewed.

9. Questionnaires
•Household Questionnaire
•Woman’s Questionnaire
•Man’s Questionnaire
•Biomarker Questionnaire
Questionnaires were translated into Ateso,
Ngakarimojong, Luganda, Lugbara, Luo,
Runyankole-Rukiga, Runyoro-Rutoro, and
Lusoga

10. Questionnaires:
Household Questionnaire
• Lists members and visitors to identify eligible individuals
• Basic characteristics of each person in the household
collected (age, sex, education, etc.)
• Housing characteristics (access to drinking water, sanitation
facilities, etc.)
• Disabilities among persons age 5+
• Identify women age 15-49 and men age 15-54 eligible for
individual interview
• Identify children under 5, women age 15-49, and men age
15-54 eligible for biomarker collection

11. Questionnaires:
Woman’s Questionnaire
• Background characteristics (age, religion, education, literacy, etc.)
• Birth history and child mortality
• Knowledge and use of family planning methods
• Fertility preferences
• Maternal health (antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care)
• Breastfeeding and infant feeding practices
• Vaccinations and childhood illnesses
• Marriage and sexual activity
• Women’s work and husband’s background characteristics
• Knowledge, awareness, and behaviour regarding HIV/AIDS and other STIs
• Adult mortality, including maternal mortality
• Domestic violence (1 woman per household)
• Early Child Development

12. Questionnaires:
Man’s Questionnaire
• Background characteristics
• Knowledge of family planning methods
• Fertility preferences
• Marriage and sexual activity
• Employment and gender roles
• Knowledge, awareness, and behaviour regarding HIV/AIDS
and other STIs

13. Biomarkers
Anthropometry:
• Children 0-59 months
• Women age 15-49
• Men age 15-54
Anaemia:
• Children 6-59 months
• Women age 15-49
• Men age 15-54
Vitamin A deficiency:
• Children 6-59 months
Malaria Rapid Diagnostic
Testing:
• Children 6-59 months
Conducted in the same sub-sample of households
selected for the men’s survey

14. Biomarkers – Malaria Testing
• Children age 6-59 months were eligible. Consent was
obtained from a parent or the adult responsible for the
child.
• Results of the Rapid Diagnostic Test were provided to the
child’s parent or guardian in oral and written form.
• Children who tested positive for malaria were offered a full
course of treatment according to standard procedures for
treating malaria in Uganda, provided they did not have a
severe case of malaria (diagnosed by symptoms or the
presence of severe anaemia), were not currently on
treatment, and had not completed a full course of ACT
during the preceding two weeks.

15. Biomarkers – Vitamin A Deficiency
Testing
• Children age 6-59 months were eligible. Consent was
obtained from a parent or the adult responsible for
the child.
• Vitamin A deficiency testing in the UDHS is
anonymous. Test results will be linked with the socio-
demographic data collected in the individual
questionnaires after removal of all information that
could potentially identify an individual.
• Vitamin A deficiency testing is taking place at at the
Department of Biochemistry at Makerere University
in Kampala.

16. Pretest and Main Survey
Training
•Pretest: 45 participants were trained for 3
weeks and deployed in 8 districts March/April
2016.
•Main Survey Training: 173 participants
trained for 4 weeks in May/June 2016.

17. Fieldwork and Data Processing
• 21 teams (consisting of a team leader, a data field
manager, 3 female interviewers, 1 male interviewer, 1
health technician and a driver).
• Fieldwork conducted from 20 June 2016 through 16
December 2016.
• Interviews were conducted using tablet computers.
• Questionnaires transmitted electronically to UBOS.
• Data processing, which included secondary editing,
resolution of computer-identified errors and coding of
open-ended questions, took place from August 2016 to
January 2017.

18. Results of the Household and
Individual Interviews
Household Interviews
Households selected 20,791
Households occupied 19,938
Households interviewed 19,588
Interviews with Women age 15-49
Eligible women 19,088
Women interviewed 18,506
Response rate 97%
Interviews with Men age 15-54
Eligible men 5,676
Men interviewed 5,336
Response rate 94%

19. 2016 Uganda Demographic
and Health Survey (UDHS)
Key Indicators

20. Educational Attainment of
Respondents
10
4
57
55
25
29
8 12
Women Men
More than
secondary
Secondary
Primary
No education
Percent of women and men age 15-49

21. Fertility Trends
7.4
6.9 6.9
6.7
6.2
5.4
1988-89 1995 2000-01 2006 2011 2016
UDHS
Births per woman for the three-year period before the survey

22. Teenage Childbearing
by Residence
20
26 25
21 24 24
19
27 25
Urban Rural Total
2006
2011
2016
Percent of women age 15-19 who are mothers or pregnant with their first child

23. Fertility Preferences of Married Women
Have another
soon
15%
Have another
later
40%
Have another,
undecided when
2%
Undecided
3%
Want no more or
sterilised
38%
Declared infecund
2%
Percent
distribution of
currently
married
women age
15-49 by
desire for
children

24. Current Use of Contraception
39 35
19
3 6 2 2 4
51 47
21
1
6
14
4 4
Any method Any modern
method
Injectables Female
sterilization
Implants Male
condom
Pill Any
traditional
method
Currently married women
Sexually active, unmarried women
Percent of women age 15-49

25. Trends in Contraceptive use
8
18 18
26
35
15 19
24
30
39
1995 2000-01 2006 2011 2016
UDHS
Percent of currently married women age 15-49 who were using any method and
those using a modern method of family planning

26. Contraceptive use by currently married
women
Contraceptive Use, women
15-49 years

27. Demand for Family Planning
67
39
28
58
52
Total
demand
Met
demand
Unmet need Percent of
demand
satisfied
Percent of
demand
satisfied by
modern
methods
Percent of currently married women age 15-49

28. Trends of Unmet need for FP
64
24
38 37
64
30 34
47
67
39
28
58
Total demand Met demand Unmet need Percent of
demand satisfied
2006 2011 2016
Percent of currently married women age 15-49

29. Percent Women 15-49 with an Unmet Need
for Family Planning

30. Trends in Childhood Mortality
98
81 88
71
54
43
177
147 151
128
90
64
1988-89 1995 2000-01 2006 2011 2016
UDHS
Infant mortality
Under-5 mortality
Deaths per 1,000 live births for the five-year period before the survey

31. Trends in Maternal Health
42
47 48
60
37
42
57
73
2000-01 DHS 2006 DHS 2011 DHS 2016 DHS
4+ ANC visits
Delivered in health care facility
Percent of live births in the five-year period before the survey

32. Percent of women 15-49 who have made 4
or more ANC visits to a health facility

33. Post Natal Check-up within first 2 days

34. Childhood Vaccinations
96 95
90
79
95
86
66
87
79
64
80
55
1
BCG 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 Measles All basic None
Percent of children 12-23
months vaccinated
DPT HebB-Hib Polio Pneumococcal

35. Childhood Vaccinations
1
37
64
80
55
80
66
79
96
No vaccinations
All age-appropriate vaccinations
3 doses pneumococcal
Polio at birth
All basic vaccinations
Measles
3 doses polio
3 doses DPT-HebB-Hib
BCG
Percent of children age 12-23 months vaccinated

36. Trends in Basic Vaccination Coverage
Percent of children age 12-23 months with all basic vaccinations
24
47
37
46
52
55
38
61
42
59
68
79
1988-89 DHS 1995 DHS 2000-01 DHS 2006 DHS 2011 DHS 2016 DHS
All basic vaccines
DPT3

37. Children 12-23 months who
received ALL basic vaccinations

38. Childhood Illnesses
80 81
69
ARI Fever Diarrhoea
Among children under 5 with symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI), fever, or
diarrhoea, percent for whom advice or treatment was sought from a health facility or provider

39. Nutritional Status of Children
Percent of children under 5
*Based on the 2006 WHO Child Growth Standards
29
4 4
11
Stunted
(too short for age)
Wasted
(too thin for height)
Overweight
(too heavy for height)
Underweight
(too thin for age)

40. Trends in Nutritional Status of Children
Percent of children under 5
45
38
33
29
5 6 5 4
5
5 3
4
18 16 14
11
2000-01 DHS 2006 DHS 2011 DHS 2016 DHS
Stunted
Underweight
Wasted
Overweight

41. Percent of Children under 5 who are
too short for age (stunted)

42. Breastfeeding Status Under 6 Months
Not breastfed
2%
Exclusively
breastfed
66%
Breast milk
plus other
liquids or
foods
32%
Percent distribution of
youngest children
under 6 months who
are living with their
mother by
breastfeeding status

43. Anaemia Prevalence
Percent of children age 6-59 months, and women age 15-49,
classified as having anaemia
24 25
27
6
2
1
Children Women
Severe
Moderate
Mild
53
32

44. Trends in Ownership of ITNs
16
47
60
90
78
2006 DHS 2009 MIS 2011 DHS 2014-15 MIS 2016 DHS
Percentage of
households with at
least one insecticide-
treated net

45. Use of ITNs
62
67
64
70
Slept under ITN Slept under ITN or in a house
sprayed with IRS in past 12 months
Children Pregnant women
Percent of children and pregnant women age 15-49 in all households who slept
under an ITN the night before the survey

46. Use of IPTp
77
45
17
Received 1 or more doses
of SP/Fansidar
Received 2 or more doses
of SP/Fansidar
Received 3 or more doses
of SP/Fansidar
Percent of women age 15-49 with a live birth in the 2 years before the survey who
received respective doses of SP/Fansidar, at least one during an ANC visit
Increased from 25%
in 2011

47. Treatment of Children With Fever
81
49 88
Percentage for whom
advice or treatment
was sought
Percentage who had
blook taken from
finger or heel for
testing
Percentage who took
any ACT
Among children under age 5
with fever:
Among children
under age 5 with
fever who took any
antimalarial:

48. Low Haemoglobin and Malaria in
Children
6
30
With haemoglobin less than 8g/dL Who tested positive for malaria according to
the rapid diagnostic test
Percent of children age 6-59 months:

49. Knowledge of HIV Prevention Methods
85
93
84
87
94
83
Using condoms Limiting sex to one uninfected
partner
Using condoms AND limiting
sex to one uninfected partner
Women Men
Percent of women and men age 15-49 who know that HIV can be prevented by:

50. Comprehensive Knowledge of HIV
among Youth by Residence
46
55
42
45
56
42
Total Urban Rural
Women Men
Percent of women and men age 15-24 with comprehensive knowledge* of HIV
*Comprehensive knowledge means knowing that the risk of getting HIV can be reduced by using condoms and limiting sex to one
uninfected partner, knowing that a healthy looking person can have HIV, and rejecting the two most common local misconceptions
about HIV prevention and transmission: that HIV can be transmitted by mosquito bites or by sharing food with a person who has HIV.

51. Comprehensive Knowledge of HIV
among Youth, Trend
38
32
40 38
45 46
Male Female
2006 2011
Percent of women and men age 15-24 with comprehensive knowledge* of HIV
*Comprehensive knowledge means knowing that the risk of getting HIV can be reduced by using condoms and limiting sex to one
uninfected partner, knowing that a healthy looking person can have HIV, and rejecting the two most common local misconceptions
about HIV prevention and transmission: that HIV can be transmitted by mosquito bites or by sharing food with a person who has HIV.

52. Multiple Sexual Partners
2
21
2.3
21 22
6.3
2+ partners in
past 12 months
Reported using a
condom at last
sexual intercourse
Mean number of
lifetime sexual
partners
Women Men
Percent of women and
men age 15-49 who had:
Among women and men
age 15-49 who had 2+
sexual partners in past 12
months, percent who:
Among women and men
age 15-49 who have ever
had sexual intercourse:

53. HIV Testing
83
55
70
47
Ever tested and received results Tested in last 12 months and
received results
Women Men
Percent of women and men age 15-49

54. Women 15-49 who have ever tested for
HIV/AIDS in the last 12 months and received
their results

55. Trend of HIV Testing
10 12
30
42
47
55
Male Female
2006 2011 2016
Percent of women and men age 15-49 who tested in last 12 months
and received results

56. Sexual Violence
22
13
8
4
Ever experienced sexual violence Experienced sexual violence in the
last 12 months
Women
Men
Percent of women and men age 15-49

57. Ever experienced sexual violence –
females (15-49)

58. Ever experienced sexual violence –
Males (15-49)

59. Early Childhood Development Index
26
92
65
86
65
Literacy-numeracy Physical Social-emotional Learning Early childhood
development
index score*
Percentage of children age 36-59 months who are developmentally on track in literacy-
numeracy, physical, social-emotional, and learning domains, and the early child development
index score
*Percentage of children who are developmentally on track in at least three of these four domains.

60. Early childhood development index score
Percentage of
children age 36-
59 months who
are
developmentally
on track in
literacy-
numeracy,
physical, social-
emotional, and
learning domains

61. Maternal Mortality Ratio
The 2016 UDHS asked women about the
deaths of their sisters that occurred during
pregnancy, delivery, or 42 days after delivery.
The maternal mortality ratio excludes deaths
that were due to accident or violence.
The maternal mortality ratio for the seven-
year period before the survey is 336 deaths
per 100,000 live births (CI: 272 – 401).

62. Pregnancy-Related Mortality
Ratio
The pregnancy-related mortality ratio includes all
deaths in this period irrespective of the cause of
death.
The pregnancy-related mortality ratio for the 7-year
period before the survey is 368 deaths per 100,000
live births (CI: 301 – 434).

63. Trends in Pregnancy-Related
Mortality Ratio
636
521 507
434
412
314
368
301
524
418 438
368
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2000-01 DHS 2006 DHS 2011 DHS 2016 DHS

64. Key Findings
• Women have an average of 5.4 children.
• The contraceptive prevalence rate among married women
is 39%.
• Infant mortality rate is 43 deaths per 1,000 live births and
under-5 mortality rate is 64 deaths per 1,000 live births.
• 73% of births were delivered in a health facility.
• 55% of children received all basic vaccinations.
• 29% of children under 5 are stunted.
• 53% of children and 32% of women are anaemic.
• 78% of households have at least one ITN.
• 55% of women and 47% of men were tested for HIV in the
past year and received the results of the test.

65. Thank You!!